Nkhungu mu nyumba: choti achite?

Indoor nkhungu ndi bowa wowoneka bwino yemwe amatha kumera pamalo osiyanasiyana monga makoma, kudenga, mipando, komanso pazakudya ndi malo achinyezi achipindacho. Nkhungu imapanga m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu, kusowa mpweya wabwino komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimatha kukhala chakudya chake.

Nkhungu imatha kukhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga yakuda, yoyera, yobiriwira, kapena yalalanje. Zimaberekana kudzera mu spores, zomwe zimatha kufalikira mumlengalenga ndikukhazikika m'malo ena. Kukhalapo kwa nkhungu m'nyumba sikungangopanga maonekedwe osasangalatsa, komanso kumayambitsa matenda, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu kapena mphumu.

Kuwongolera nkhungu kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa gwero la chinyezi, kutulutsa mpweya m'chipindacho, kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera kupha bowa. Njira zodzitetezera, monga kukhalabe ndi chinyezi chokwanira komanso kukonza nthawi yake, zimathandizira kupewa kupanga nkhungu m'malo okhala.

Kodi nkhungu imachokera kuti?

Nkhungu m'nyumba imapangidwa kuchokera ku fungal spores zomwe zimapezeka m'chilengedwe. Kupanga nkhungu kumaphatikizapo masitepe angapo ndipo zimadalira zinthu zingapo monga chinyezi, zinthu zachilengedwe komanso kutentha. Nawa kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane komwe nkhungu imachokera mnyumba:

• Matenda a fungal mumlengalenga: Matenda a fungal ali paliponse mumlengalenga. Amakhala ang'onoang'ono komanso opepuka, omwe amawalola kufalikira mosavuta mumlengalenga. Izi spores ndi mbali ya chilengedwe microflora chilengedwe.

• Chinyezi: Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa nkhungu ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Mpweya wamkati ukakhala wonyowa kwambiri, umapanga malo abwino kuti fungal ikule. Pamalo achinyezi, makamaka ngati ali ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (monga matabwa, mapepala apamwamba, zowuma), zitha kukhala malo abwino opangira nkhungu.
• Zida zachilengedwe: Nkhungu imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe monga chakudya. Izi zitha kukhala matabwa, mapepala, makapeti, chakudya, mabuku, zovala ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Chinyezi chikakhalapo ndipo zinthu zili bwino, nkhungu imayamba kuchulukirachulukira ndikupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mafangasi.
• Kutentha: Nkhungu nthawi zambiri imamera m'malo otentha. Nyengo yofunda ndi yachinyontho imapangitsa kuti pakhale mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yakukula mwachangu komanso kuberekana kwa bowa.

Chifukwa chake, nkhungu imatha kuwoneka m'nyumba mukakhala kuphatikiza kwa chinyezi chambiri, kukhalapo kwa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso kutentha koyenera. Kuwongolera mpweya wokhazikika, kuwongolera chinyezi komanso kuyeretsa panthawi yake kumathandizira kupewa kupanga nkhungu m'malo anu okhala.

Kodi nkhungu imapangika pati m'nyumba?

Nkhungu nthawi zambiri imapanga m'malo omwe nyumbayo imawonedwa kuti imalimbikitsa kukula kwake. Nawa ena mwamalo omwe nkhungu nthawi zambiri imapanga mnyumba:

• Bafa: Kutentha kwakukulu mu bafa, makamaka mukatha kusamba kapena kusamba, kumapanga malo abwino kuti nkhungu ikule. Makona, zolumikizira matailosi, makatani osambira ndi ngodya zapadenga ndi malo omwe nkhungu nthawi zambiri imapanga.

• Khitchini: Nkhungu imatha kuwoneka m'khitchini chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri chokhudzana ndi kuphika, zotsukira mbale ndi makina ochapira. Nkhungu imathanso kumera m’malo osiira, pansi pa mipando yakukhitchini, ndi m’makabati, makamaka ngati chinyezi sichimayendetsedwa bwino.
• Zipinda zopanda mpweya wabwino: Ngati m'chipinda mulibe mpweya wabwino, chinyezi chimakwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo abwino oberekera nkhungu. Izi zikugwira ntchito ku zipinda zogona, zipinda zogona ndi zipinda zina.
• Madera amdima: Nkhungu imakonda malo amdima pomwe zinthu zachilengedwe zophatikizidwa ndi chinyezi zimapanga mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri kuti ikule. Izi zikhoza kukhala kumbuyo kwa mipando, ngodya, makabati otsekedwa, ndi zina zotero.

• Kutsekera kosakwanira kwa makoma ndi mawindo: Malo osatetezedwa bwino amatha kukhala ndi condensation, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chichuluke komanso kukula kwa nkhungu.

Kulowetsa mpweya wokhazikika, kusunga chinyezi, kukonza zotulukapo ndi kukonza malo okhala ndi zowonongeka kungathandize kuti nkhungu zisapangike mnyumba mwanu.

N'chifukwa chiyani nkhungu m'nyumba ndi yoopsa kwa anthu?

Nkhungu m'nyumba zimakhala zoopsa kwa anthu pazifukwa izi:

1. Zovuta: Nkhungu spores ndi metabolites awo akhoza kukhala amphamvu allergens, kuchititsa thupi lawo siligwirizana. Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo chifuwa, mphuno, kuyabwa, zidzolo, ndi zina zotero.
2. Matenda a mphumu ndi kupuma: Kuwonetsedwa kwa nkhungu kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kukulitsa zovuta zomwe zilipo kale ndikuyambitsa mphumu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli.
3. Kusankhidwa kwa Organ: Poizoni wa nkhungu amatha kukhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupuma, mantha ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zingakhudze thanzi lanu lonse.
4. Mavuto apakhungu: Kukhudzana ndi nkhungu kungayambitse kupsa mtima kwa khungu ndi ziwengo.
5. Zinthu zapoizoni: Mitundu ina ya nkhungu imatulutsa poizoni (mycotoxins) yomwe ingakhale yovulaza thanzi. Poizoni izi zimatha kupangidwa ndi mpweya ndi mpweya, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda ena a ziwalo.
6. Matenda opatsirana: Nthawi zina, nkhungu imatha kuyambitsa matenda, makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka.

Kuti mupewe mavutowa, m'pofunika kukhala aukhondo, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kupereka mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse, ndi kuchotsa mwamsanga nkhungu m'nyumba mwanu. Ngati kukula kwakukulu kwa nkhungu kuzindikirika, makamaka ngati kumatsagana ndi thanzi labwino, ndi bwino kuti mulumikizane ndi akatswiri ochotsa nkhungu ndikuyikamo mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi nkhungu m'nyumba

Kulimbana ndi nkhungu m'nyumba kumafuna njira yophatikizira. Nazi njira zingapo zokuthandizani kuthana ndi vutoli:

1. Kuchotsa gwero la chinyezi:
   • Mpweya wokhazikika: Onetsetsani kuti mpweya wabwino m'chipindamo. Phunzirani mpweya wanu m'nyumba nthawi zonse, makamaka malo amvula monga bafa ndi khitchini.
   • Kukonza kutayikira: Konzani denga, mapaipi, mazenera ndi zitseko zotuluka kuti musalowemo chinyezi.
   • Kuwongolera chinyezi: Gwiritsani ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira m'nyumba (nthawi zambiri 30% mpaka 50%).
2. Kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
   • Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi: Konzani ndi kusunga ukhondo m'madera onse. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyeretsa nthawi zonse makoma, mazenera, pansi ndi malo ena.
   • Kugwiritsa ntchito antimicrobial agents: Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala apadera oyeretsa omwe amawononga nkhungu ndi spores zake.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito zowumitsa chinyezi:
   • Gel silika kapena zosakaniza zina: Ikani zinthu zomangira chinyontho m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri kuti mupewe condensation pamtunda.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito antimicrobial ndi anti-mold agents:
   • Kukonzekera kwapadera: Gwiritsani ntchito utoto wapadera wa antimicrobial, ma varnish kapena mapepala apamwamba kuti muteteze nkhungu pamakoma.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe:
   • Viniga: Sakanizani viniga ndi madzi ndikuchiza madera a nkhungu.
   • Kuyeretsa katundu wa adyo: Ikani mitu ya adyo yodulidwa m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.
6. Professional disinfection:
   • Lumikizanani ndi akatswiri: Pamilandu yayikulu komanso yovuta ya nkhungu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulumikizane ndi akatswiri okonzanso nkhungu. Akatswiri adzawunika mwatsatanetsatane, kuchotsa magwero, ndikupereka njira zoyenera.

Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi zonse momwe nyumba yanu ilili ndikuchita zodzitetezera kuti muteteze maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa nkhungu.

Kodi njira zothandiza kwambiri zolimbana ndi nkhungu ndi ziti?

Mankhwala othandiza nkhungu amatha kusiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa infestation ndi mtundu wa pamwamba. Nawa mankhwala otchuka komanso othandiza:

1. Viniga:
   • Ntchito: Sakanizani vinyo wosasa ndi madzi mu magawo ofanana ndikuyika pamalo omwe akhudzidwa. Lolani kuti mankhwalawa alowe mkati, kenaka pukutani pamwamba.
   • Zochita: Viniga ali ndi antiseptic ndi antimicrobial properties ndipo amathandizira kuchotsa nkhungu ndi spores zake.
2. Hydrogen peroxide:
   • Ntchito: Pakani hydrogen peroxide kumadera okhudzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito botolo lopopera kapena siponji. Siyani kwa kanthawi, kenaka pukutani ndi nsalu yonyowa.
   • Zochita: Hydrogen peroxide imakhala ndi bleaching ndi antiseptic effect, imawononga nkhungu.
3. Soda:
   • Ntchito: Pangani phala la soda ndi madzi, kenaka mugwiritseni ntchito kumadera omwe akhudzidwa. Dikirani kwa kanthawi ndikuchotsa phala.
   • Zochita: Soda yophika imakhala ndi zinthu zowononga ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa nkhungu pamtunda.
4. Tea-tri-mafuta:
   • Ntchito: Onjezerani madontho angapo a mafuta a tiyi m'madzi ndikupopera pamadera omwe akhudzidwa.
   • Zochita: Mafuta a Thea tri ali ndi antimicrobial properties ndipo amatha kupha nkhungu ya fungal.
5. Borax:
   • Ntchito: Sungunulani Borax m'madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kumadera omwe akhudzidwa. Pambuyo kuyanika, pukutani pamwamba.
   • Zochita: Borax ndi antimicrobial wothandizira omwe angalepheretse kukula kwa nkhungu.
6. Antimicrobial akatswiri:
   • Ntchito: Funsani akatswiri kapena ogulitsa nyumba zokhuza kusankha mankhwala oyenera opha tizilombo.
   • Zochita: Zida zina zamaluso zimapangidwira kuti ziphe bwino nkhungu ndikuletsa kuyambiranso.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti muyenera kuyesa malo ang'onoang'ono musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala aliwonse kuti mupewe kuwononga malo. Zikachitika kwambiri nkhungu infestation, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tilankhule ndi akatswiri kuti apewe matenda opha tizilombo komanso kupewa kuyambiranso.

Mafunso ofunsidwa kawirikawiri

Nchiyani chimapangitsa nkhungu kuoneka m'nyumba?

Maonekedwe a nkhungu m'nyumba nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chinyezi komanso kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino. Kusayenda bwino kwa mpweya, kuunika kwa mazenera, madenga akudontha kapena owonongeka, ndi chinyezi chambiri cha m’nyumba, zonsezi zingapangitse nkhungu kukula.

Kodi kudziwa kukhalapo kwa nkhungu mu nyumba?

Zizindikiro za nkhungu zimaphatikizapo kuoneka kwa mawanga akuda kapena obiriwira pamakoma, padenga, mazenera kapena malo ena. Pakhoza kukhalanso fungo loipa, ndipo anthu ena amakumana ndi zovuta zina monga kutsokomola kapena kuyabwa m'maso.

Momwe mungachotsere nkhungu m'nyumba nokha?

Kuti muchotse nkhungu nokha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito viniga, hydrogen peroxide, soda, mafuta amtengo wa tiyi, kapena borax. Pangani yankho, gwiritsani ntchito kumadera okhudzidwa, lolani nthawi kuti mutenge, ndiyeno pukutani pamwamba. Komabe, ngati mutadwala kwambiri, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi akatswiri kuti mupeze chithandizo chokwanira komanso kupewa kuyambiranso.