Tidapeza 16 mfundo zosangalatsa za wamba rook
Corvus frugilegus
Ngakhale kuti pali mbiri yonyansa ya maubwenzi apakati pa anthu ndi mbalame, mbalamezi zimakhalabe ndi makhalidwe awo ochezeka ndipo siziopa anthu. Ndi chakudya choyenera, amazolowerana bwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kufikira anthu atalikirana kwambiri. Ndi anzeru kwambiri, amatha kuthana ndi zovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusintha zida, komanso kugwirira ntchito limodzi pakabuka mavuto akulu.
Kale, alimi ankaimba mlandu mbalamezi kuti ziwononge mbewu zawo ndipo ankayesa kuzithamangitsa kapena kuzipha. Olamulirawo adaperekanso malamulo olamula kuti aphedwe a zipolopolo ndi ma corvids ena.
1
Rook ndi wa banja la corvid.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya rook: rook wamba, yomwe imapezeka m'dziko lathu, ndi rook ya ku Siberia, yomwe imapezeka ku East Asia. Banja la corvid lili ndi mitundu 133, yomwe imapezeka ku kontinenti iliyonse kupatula ku Antarctica.
2
Amakhala ku Europe, Central ndi Southern Russia.
Zima kumwera kwa Europe ku Iraq ndi Egypt. The Siberia subspecies amakhala East Asia ndi nyengo kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China ndi Taiwan.
3
Amamva bwino m'madera okhala ndi matabwa, ngakhale kuti amazoloŵera bwino m'mizinda.
Amakhala m'mapaki ndi m'madambo. M’mizinda, zimakonda kukhala pazinyumba zazitali ndipo ngakhale kuzimanga m’nyengo yoswana.
4
Ndi mbalame zapakatikati, zokhala ndi matupi akuluakulu kuyambira 44 mpaka 46 cm.
Mapiko a rooks amachokera ku 81 mpaka 99 masentimita, kulemera kwake kumachokera ku 280 mpaka 340 g. Amuna ndi akazi a rooks ndi ofanana ndi kukula.
5
Thupi la rooks limakutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda, zomwe padzuwa zimakhala zowoneka bwino za buluu kapena buluu-violet.
Miyendo ndi yakuda, mulomo ndi wakuda-imvi, iris ndi woderapo. Akuluakulu amataya nthenga m'munsi mwa mlomo, ndikusiya khungu.
6
Ana aang'ono ndi akuda ndi utoto wobiriwira pang'ono, kupatula kumbuyo kwa khosi, kumbuyo ndi pansi, zomwe zimakhala zakuda.
Amafanana ndi akhwangwala chifukwa nthenga za m’munsi mwa milomo yawo sizinathe. Ana amataya chivundikiro cha nthenga m’munsi mwa mlomo m’mwezi wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa moyo.
7
Rooks ndi omnivores; kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti 60% yazakudya zawo zimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba.
Zakudya za zomera ndi monga chimanga, masamba, mbatata, zipatso ndi mbewu. Chakudya cha nyama chimakhala ndi mphutsi ndi mphutsi za tizilombo, ngakhale kuti mbalamezi zimathanso kusaka nyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi mazira. Kudyetsa kumachitika makamaka pansi, kumene mbalame zimayenda ndipo nthawi zina kudumpha ndi kufufuza nthaka, kukumba ndi milomo yawo yaikulu.
8
Pakasoŵa chakudya, mbalamezi zimadyanso zovunda.
9
Monga corvids ambiri, rooks ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri.
Amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopezeka ngati zida. Pamene ntchito imafuna khama lalikulu, rooks akhoza kugwirizana monga gulu.
10
Zamphongo ndi zazikazi zimakhalira limodzi kwa moyo wawo wonse, ndipo ziwirizi zimakhalira limodzi kupanga ng’ombe.
Madzulo, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimasonkhana kenako n’kupita kumalo kumene zikondale zimakonda. M'dzinja, ng'ombe zimakula kukula pamene magulu osiyanasiyana amasonkhana pamodzi. Pagulu la rooks mungapezenso jackdaws.
11
Nthawi yoswana ya rooks imatha kuyambira March mpaka April. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala m'magulu.
Nthawi zambiri zisa zimamangidwa pamwamba pa mitengo ikuluikulu, yotambalala komanso, m'mizinda, panyumba. Pakhoza kukhala zisa zingapo mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri pamtengo umodzi. Amapangidwa ndi ndodo ndi ndodo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi dongo ndi dongo, ndipo zimakutidwa ndi zinthu zonse zofewa zomwe zilipo - udzu, tsitsi, ubweya.
12
Paphatana, yaikazi imaikira mazira 4 mpaka 5.
Avereji ya kukula kwa mazira ndi 40 x 29 mm, ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu wokhala ndi timadontho tofiirira ndi achikasu ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a marbled. Makulitsidwe amayamba kuchokera pamene dzira loyamba laikira ndipo limatenga masiku 18 mpaka 19.
13
Anapiye amakhala mchisa kwa masabata anayi mpaka asanu.
Panthawi imeneyi, makolo onse awiri amawadyetsa.
14
Avereji ya moyo wa rooks kuthengo ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Wosunga mbiri pakati pa mbalamezi anali ndi zaka 23 ndi miyezi 9.
15
Chiwerengero cha ma rooks ku Europe akuti ali pakati pa 16,3 ndi 28,4 miliyoni.
Chiwerengero cha anthu aku Poland chimachokera ku 366 mpaka 444 nyama, ndipo mu 2007-2018 chiwerengero chawo chidatsika ndi 41%.
16
Izi si zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature linandandalika anthu wamba monga mtundu wosadetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri. Ku Poland, mbalamezi zili pansi pa chitetezo chokhwima cha mitundu m'zigawo zoyang'anira mizinda ndi chitetezo chamtundu wina kunja kwawo. Mu 2020 adalembedwa mu Polish Red Book of Birds ngati mitundu yosatetezeka.
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