Mbalame zankhanza kwambiri
Mbalamezi ndi mbalame zochokera m'gulu la Passeriformes, za banja la Laniidae.
Mtundu wochuluka kwambiri ndi Lanius, dzina lake limachokera ku liwu lachilatini loti "wotchera nyama".
Nsomba zimapezeka makamaka ku Eurasia ndi Africa.
Mtundu umodzi umakhala moyo New Guinea, mitundu iwiri imapezeka mu North America (kufuula kwa pygmy ndi kumpoto). Nsomba sizipezeka ku South America kapena Australia.
Pakadali pano, mitundu itatu ya shrikes imaswana ku Poland: tsekwe, mukung'ung'udza i wankhope zakuda. Mpaka posachedwa, kugunda kwamutu kofiira kunalinso zisa. Oyimilira apadera ndi kuphulika kwa chipululu ndi kuphulika kwa Mediterranean.
Nsomba zimakhala m'malo otseguka, makamaka ma steppes ndi savannas.
Zamoyo zina zimakhala m’nkhalango ndipo sizipezeka kawirikawiri m’malo otseguka. Mitundu ina imaswana kumadera akumpoto m’nyengo yachilimwe kenako imasamukira kumalo otentha.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri…
Shrike ndi mbalame zapakatikati zokhala ndi nthenga zotuwa, zofiirira kapena zakuda ndi zoyera, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mawanga amtundu wa dzimbiri.
Kutalika kwa mitundu yambiri kumayambira 16 mpaka 25 cm, mtundu wa Corvinella wokha wokhala ndi nthenga zazitali kwambiri za mchira ukhoza kutalika mpaka 50 cm.
Milomo yawo ndi yolimba komanso yopindika kumapeto, ngati ya mbalame zodya nyama, zomwe zimasonyeza khalidwe lawo lodya nyama. Mlomo umatha ndi kutuluka kwakuthwa, komwe kumatchedwa "dzino". Ali ndi mapiko aafupi, ozungulira ndi mchira woponda. Mawu omwe amatulutsa ndi amphamvu.
M'mabuku osiyanasiyana, shrikes nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Hannibal Lecter ya mbalame kapena mbalame yachiwawa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mbalamezi zimadya makoswe, mbalame, zokwawa, amphibians ndi tizilombo tambirimbiri. Amatha kusaka, mwachitsanzo, mbalame yakuda kapena makoswe.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri…
Zisozi zimapha nyama zamsana pogwira kapena kuboola khosi ndi milomo yawo komanso kugwedeza nyamayo mwamphamvu.
Mitundu itatu ya shrikes imaswana ku Poland: shrike yakuda yakuda, shrike yofiira ndi shrike yaikulu.
Shrike ya Black-fronted (Lanius major) imapezeka kum'mawa kwa dzikolo, koma kuswana komaliza ku Poland kunachitika mu 2010. M'mbuyomu inali mbalame yofala kwambiri, m'zaka za zana la XNUMX inkakhala kumadera ambiri aku Poland, koma kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika.
M'zaka za m'ma 80 chiwerengero cha anthu chinali pafupifupi anthu 100, koma mu 2008-2012 anali awiriawiri 1-3 okha.
Mbalame ya Black-fronted Shrike ndi mbalame yokhala ndi thupi lowongoka komanso mchira wautali.
Pamutu pake ili ndi chigoba chakuda chachikulu, chomwe mwa akuluakulu chimaphimba mphumi (chiwombankhanga chachikulu chimakhala ndi mzere wakuda pansi pa maso ndi malire oyera pamwamba, kufika pamphumi). Thupi ndi mutu ndi imvi-buluu.
Pali galasi loyera pamapiko ndi malo oyera pamchira. Iye ndi wamng'ono kuposa mphutsi yaikulu, koma amayimba mokweza kuposa iye. Imakopa anthu amene akuvutika ndi maphokoso osiyanasiyana, monga mphutsi, kuwapanga iwo akuwuluka ndi kuuluka mumlengalenga.
Mbalame zamtundu wakuda zimaswana kamodzi pachaka, kumapeto kwa May ndi June.
Chisacho chimamangidwa mu korona wa mtengo wautali (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi mamita 10 pamwamba pa nthaka), mu mphanda wa nthambi, osati patali ndi thunthu, nthawi zambiri pamitengo ya poplars kapena zipatso.
Makhalidwe a chisa cha mbalameyi, kuwonjezera pa mizu, nthambi, masamba okhuthala a udzu ndi nthenga, ndi zomera zambiri zobiriwira zomwe zimalukidwa pakati pake.
Ku Poland, shrike yakuda ndi mtundu wotetezedwa kwambiri.
Mphokoso wamba ( Lanius collurio) ndiye kuphulika kochulukira kwambiri ku Poland.
Ndi kukula kwake ngati mpheta kapena mbalame yakuda, yokhala ndi thupi lochepa thupi. Ali ndi dimorphism yoonekera pogonana. Wamphongo ali ndi chigoba chakuda kuzungulira maso ake.
Imapezeka kwambiri ku Western Pomerania ndi Lower Oder Valley, ngakhale imapezeka m'dziko lonselo. Malo ake ndi dzuwa, lotseguka, madera owuma okhala ndi tchire laminga, komanso nkhalango, peat bogs ndi mitundu yonse yamitengo.
Nsomba ndi mbalame za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Nthawi zonse amakhala osasunthika pamalo oongoka. Ndizovuta kuziwona. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamawaya, mitengo kapena nsonga za tchire, komwe amayang'ana nyama. Mbalame yamanjenje imanjenjemera ndikugunda mchira wake.
Yaimuna nthawi zambiri imatengera kulira kwa mbalame zina, nthawi zambiri atsekwe, motero dzina la mtundu wa mbalamezi.
Poyerekeza ndi kukula kwawo kochepa, shrikes amatha kugwira nyama zazikulu modabwitsa - amatha kusaka, mwachitsanzo, chule.
Ku Poland, mtundu uwu uli pansi pa chitetezo chokhwima cha mitundu, ndipo mu Red Book of Birds of Poland umatchulidwa kuti ndi mtundu wosakhudzidwa kwambiri (monga magpie wamkulu).
Mtsinje waukulu kwambiri wa Gray Shrike ku Poland.
Mbalame zazikulu zamawanga zimapezeka m'dziko lonselo. Amakonda madera aulimi okhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Palibe dimorphism yogonana mu nthenga. Mbalame zazikulu zimayimba mluzu wochepa, wautali.
Chakudya chachikulu cha piebalds chimakhala ndi ma voles ndi tizilombo. Ngati pali kusowa kwa voles mu chakudya, iwo m'malo ndi nyama zina kapena mbalame (kakumbu, mawere, pipits, buntings, mpheta, larks ndi zinsomba), kawirikawiri - mbalame kukula piebald lalikulu; mwachitsanzo, mbalame zakuda. Mosiyana ndi ng'ombe, mbalame zazikulu sizidya anapiye awo.