Tidapeza 22 mfundo zosangalatsa za amphibians
Imodzi mwa ma quadrupeds oyamba padziko lapansi
Amphibians ndi zamoyo zozizira, zambiri zomwe zimayambira moyo wawo m'madzi ndipo zikafika msinkhu, zina zimafika pamtunda. Ngakhale pali mitundu itatu ya nyamazi, 90% mwa iwo ndi amphibians opanda mchira monga achule ndi achule.
1
Amphibians ndi amsana.
Masiku ano amphibians amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: opanda mchira, opanda mchira komanso opanda miyendo. Mpaka pano, mitundu 7360 ya caecilians yafotokozedwa: 764 caecilians ndi 215 caecilians.
2
Amphibians oyamba adawonekera Padziko Lapansi mu nthawi ya Devonian, pafupifupi zaka 370 miliyoni zapitazo.
Zinachokera ku nsomba zokhala ndi minofu yomwe zipsepse zake zosinthidwa zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenda pansi pa nyanja pansi pa madzi.
3
Mitundu iwiri yokha ya achule ndi salamander imodzi imakhala m'madzi amchere, ena onse amakhala m'madzi abwino.
Ngakhale amphibians apamtunda amayenera kukhala m'malo achinyezi, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti khungu likhale lonyowa.
4
Khungu la amphibians limatha kulowa m'madzi ndipo limalola kusinthana kwa gasi.
Iyenera kukhala yonyowa, chifukwa chake amphibians amakhala ndi zotupa zapadera za mucous pamutu, thupi ndi mchira. Zina mwa izo zilinso ndi zotupa zakupha zomwe zimateteza chiweto.
5
Amphibians amapuma ndi mapapo akale.
Komabe, ambiri a iwo amatha kupuma kudzera pakhungu lawo. Pa siteji ya mphutsi, salamanders ambiri ndi tadpoles onse okonzeka ndi gill, amene amataya pambuyo metamorphosis. Pali zina, mwachitsanzo, axolotls amasunga magill mpaka akakula.
6
Ambiri mwa amphibians ndi adani.
Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi zamoyo zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso zazing'ono moti sizifunika kuphwanyidwa, monga kafadala, mbozi, mphutsi ndi akangaude. Mitundu ina imasaka kwambiri, ina imabisala ndi kubisalira. Nthawi zambiri, amphibians amagwira nyama ndi lilime lomata, ndikuikokera mkamwa, ndiyeno nkumeza nyamayo yonse, ngakhale amatha kutafunanso kuti ayimitse.
7
Amphibians amakhalanso ndi herbivores.
Achule ena a m’mitengo ya m’madera otentha amadya zipatso. Komanso, tadpoles of achule ndi achule ndi zamoyo zodya udzu chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kochepa, zimadya ndere, zomwe ndi gwero lofunikira la vitamini C.
8
Pakati pa amphibians palinso akatswiri azakudya.
Chipembere cha ku Mexican chili ndi lilime lochita kusintha mwapadera kuti chigwire nyerere ndi chiswe.
9
Mitundu ina ya amphibians ndi odya anthu.
Izi sizodziwika kwambiri, koma zimachitika mwa akuluakulu ndi mphutsi. Ana aang'ono a tadpoles amtundu wina amaukira okhwima kwambiri panthawi ya kusintha.
10
Ngakhale kuti ambiri amakhala m’malo achinyezi, zamoyo zina zokhala m’madzi a m’nyanja zayamba kuzolowera nyengo youma.
Nkhanu ya Catholic hermit, yomwe imakhala ku Australia, imathera nthawi yambiri ya moyo wake itakwiriridwa pansi ndipo imakwera pamwamba pakagwa mvula yamphamvu. Kuwonjezera pa kusintha moyo wawo kuti ukhale wouma, nyama za m’madzi zomwe zimakhala m’malo owuma zimakhalanso ndi ziŵalo zimene zimagwirizanitsa minyewa ya thupi ndi njira ya mkodzo. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kusunga madzi mumkodzo ndikugwiritsa ntchito nkhokwezi pamene kupeza madzi kuli kochepa.
11
Amphibians ambiri amafuna malo okhala ndi madzi opanda mchere kuti abereke.
Zamoyo zina zapanga njira zoikira mazira pansi ndikuwasunga pamadzi pamalo ano.
12
Malingana ndi dongosolo, umuna umachitika mkati kapena kunja.
Amphibians ambiri a caudate amakumana ndi umuna wakunja ndi umuna wamkati mu caudate ndi amphibians opanda miyendo.
13
Achule ambiri amapanga phokoso, koma achule amapanga phokoso lalikulu kwambiri.
Amfibia okhala ndi michira komanso ngati nyongolotsi amangolira, kuguguda ndi mluzu. Ma Caecilians amamveka kwambiri panyengo yokweretsa. Kutengera ndi banja lomwe amphibian ali, mtundu wa mawu ake umasintha. Achule ndi achule amalira ndipo achule a m’mitengo amalankhulana.
14
Dzira la amphibian nthawi zambiri limazunguliridwa ndi nembanemba yowoneka bwino ya gelatinous yotulutsidwa ndi machubu a fallopian. Amakhala ndi mapuloteni ndi shuga.
Chophimbachi chimatha kulowa m'madzi ndi mpweya komanso chimafufuma pamene chimatenga madzi. Dzira lozunguliridwa ndi ilo poyamba limamangiriridwa molimba, koma m'mazira a ubwamuna mkati mwa chipolopolocho chimasungunuka ndikupangitsa kuti mluzawo uziyenda momasuka.
15
Mazira ambiri amadzimadzi amakhala ndi melanin.
Mtundu umenewu umawonjezera kutentha kwawo mwa kuyamwa kuwala komanso umawateteza ku cheza cha ultraviolet.
16
Akuti mpaka 20 peresenti ya zamoyo zam'mlengalenga zimakhala ndi kholo limodzi kapena onse omwe amasamalira ana awo pamlingo wina.
Nthawi zambiri, mazira aakazi akamaikira zambiri mu zinyalala, m’pamenenso kholo limodzi limatha kusamalira anawo akamaswa.
17
salamander wamkazi Desmognathus welteri amasamalira mazira amene amaika m'nkhalango pansi miyala ndi akufa nthambi.
Akakaika, amaziteteza ku zilombo mpaka ana ataswa. Pokhapokha pamene nyama iliyonse imapita njira yakeyake. Iyi si mitundu yokhayo yomwe imachita izi; salamanders ambiri am'nkhalango amawonetsa machitidwe ofanana.
18
Poizoni wa nyama zina zam'madzi ndi oopsa ngakhale kwa anthu. Choopsa kwambiri ndi chitsamba chachikasu.
Mtundu uwu umakhala kumadzulo kwa gombe la Colombia. Khungu la chule lili ndi 1 mg ya batrachotoxin, yomwe imatha kupha anthu 10 mpaka 20. Amwenye amwenye ankagwiritsa ntchito poizoni wa leafhopper kuponya mivi yakupha.
19
Amphibian yayikulu kwambiri ndi salamander Andrias sligoi.
Amphibians awa ali pachiwopsezo ndipo mwina kulibenso kuthengo. Chitsanzo chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe chinagwidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, chinali kutalika kwa masentimita 180.
20
Iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pedophrine amauensis.
Amachokera ku Papua New Guinea ndipo adapezeka mu Ogasiti 2009. Kutalika kwa thupi la chule wamkamwa yopapatiza ndi mamilimita 7,7 okha. Kuphatikiza pa kukhala amphibian yaying'ono kwambiri, ilinso yaing'ono yamsana.
21
Sayansi yomwe imaphunzira za amphibians ndi batrachology.
Ichi ndi gawo la herpetology lomwe limachita ndi kafukufuku wa nyama zokwawa, zomwe ndi za amphibians ndi zokwawa.
22
Amphibians ambiri pakali pano ali pangozi.
Zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwawo padziko lonse lapansi ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe, dzenje la ozoni lomwe ma radiation ambiri a UV amafika pansi, kuwononga khungu lawo ndi mazira, ndi mankhwala omwe amakhudza kukhazikika kwawo kwa mahomoni.
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