Tidapeza 17 mfundo zosangalatsa za albatross
Masters of Gliding
Albatross ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri za mapiko. Iwo satopa pakuuluka, akuyenda makilomita mazanamazana kuchokera ku gombe lina la nyanja kupita ku linalo, akumauluka. Atha kutha miyezi kapena zaka osapita kumtunda. Iwo amakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso okhulupirika kwa mnzawo. Amakhala m'madera amphepo kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo amapezeka pafupifupi m'nyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi.
1
Albatross ndi m'gulu la mbalame zazikulu za m'nyanja - albatross (Diomedeidae), gulu la mbalame zokhala ndi mphuno.
Mphuno za Piper zili ndi mawonekedwe ake:
- mlomo waukulu wokhala ndi mphuno za tubular momwe mchere wochulukirapo umaponyedwa kunja,
- Izi ndi mbalame zokhazo zomwe zangobadwa kumene (mkamwa wam'manja ndi kuchepetsedwa pang'ono kwa mafupa ena) zomwe zimamva kununkhira bwino,
- kutulutsa chinthu chokhala ndi fungo la musky,
- zala zitatu zakutsogolo zimalumikizidwa ndi ukonde,
- Kuwuluka kwawo pamwamba pa madzi kukuuluka, ndipo kumtunda kumtunda kuuluka kwawo kumakhala kokangalika komanso kosakhalitsa.
2
Albatross amakhala nthawi yayitali ya moyo wawo pamwamba pa nyanja ndi nyanja zotseguka.
Amapezeka kudera la Southern Ocean (Antarctic Ocean, Southern Glacial Ocean), kum'mwera kwa Atlantic ndi Indian Ocean, komanso kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa Pacific Ocean. Kale, albatross ankakhalanso ku Bermuda, monga umboni wa mafupa opezeka kumeneko.
3
Pali mibadwo inayi m'banja la albatross: Phoebastria, Diomedea, Phoebetria ndi Thalassarche.
- Mtundu wa Phoebastria umaphatikizapo mitundu iyi: ya nkhope ya dusky, ya miyendo yakuda, Galapagos ndi albatross wamchira wamfupi.
- Ku mtundu wa Diomedea: royal albatross ndi wandering albatross.
- Ku mtundu wa Phoebetria: albatross wofiirira ndi wa dusky.
- Ku mtundu wa Thalassarche: ma albatross amutu wachikasu, wamutu wa imvi, wakuda, wakutsogolo, woyera, wamutu wa imvi, wamutu wotuwa.
4
Ma Albatross ali ndi thupi lolemera 71-135 cm.
Amakhala ndi mlomo waukulu wokhala ndi mapiko aatali koma opapatiza.
5
Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera ndipo zimakhala zakuda kapena zofiirira.
Ma albatross okha amtundu wa Phoebetria ali ndi mtundu wakuda wofananira.
6
Malinga ndi nyuzipepala yotchedwa Thermal Biology, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa drone wapereka malongosoledwe osayembekezereka a chinsinsi cha mitundu ya mapiko a albatross.
Mapiko a Albatross ndi oyera pansi ndi akuda pamwamba (mwachitsanzo, wandering albatross). Zinkaganiziridwa kuti mitundu iwiri yamitundu iwiriyi inali yobisala (mbalame yowuluka siwoneka kwenikweni kuchokera pansi ndi pamwamba). Pakadali pano, asayansi a ku New Mexico State University apeza kuti mapiko amitundu iwiri ali ndi mapiko okwera komanso osakoka kwambiri. Kumwamba kwakuda kumatenga bwino kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikutentha mpaka madigiri 10 kuposa pansi. Izi zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya pamwamba pa mapiko, zomwe zimachepetsa kukoka kwa aerodynamic ndikuwonjezera kukweza. Asayansi akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito izi kuti apange ma drones omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panyanja.
7
Albatross ndi oyendetsa bwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha mapiko awo aatali, opapatiza, pamene mphepo ili bwino, amatha kukhala mumlengalenga kwa maola ambiri. Amathera nthawi yopanda mphepo pamwamba pa madzi chifukwa amasambiranso bwino kwambiri. Zikauluka, zimatseka mapiko awo, n’kugwira mphepo n’kuulukira m’mwamba, kenako n’kuuluka pamwamba pa nyanja.
8
Albatross wamkulu amatha kuuluka mamita 15. km kuti mubweretse chakudya kwa mwanapiye wanu.
Kuuluka mozungulira nyanja si ntchito yabwino kwa mbalameyi. Albatross wazaka makumi asanu mwina adawuluka pafupifupi 6 miliyoni km. Zimauluka ndi mphepo popanda kukupiza mapiko awo. Amene akufuna kuwuluka molimbana ndi mphepoyo amadzuka ndi mafunde a mpweya, amaika mimba yawo m’malo otsetsereka kumbali ya mphepo, ndiyeno amayandama pansi. Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu yokoka ndikuyenda mosavuta.
9
Wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) ali ndi mapiko akulu kuposa mbalame zamoyo zonse (masentimita 251-350).
Wolemba mbiriyo anali ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 370. Andean condors ali ndi mapiko ofanana (koma ang'onoang'ono) (260-320 cm).
10
Albatross amadya panyanja, koma panthawi yoswana amatha kudya pashelufu.
Amadya makamaka nyamayi ndi nsomba, komanso amadya crustaceans ndi zovunda. Amadya nyama kuchokera pamwamba pa madzi kapena pansi pake. Nthawi zina amamira pansi pamadzi, 2-5 m pansi. Amadyanso m'madoko ndi m'makwalala, ndipo amapeza chakudya m'ngalande zonyansa komanso pakati pa zinyalala za nsomba zotayidwa m'zombo. Nthawi zambiri amatsatira mabwato n’kudumphira m’madzi kuti akapeze nyambo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawathera momvetsa chisoni chifukwa amatha kumira ngati agwidwa ndi nsomba.
11
Albatross amathera nthawi yochepa pamtunda, izi zimachitika nthawi yoswana.
Kufika pamalo olimba kumakhala kovuta kwa iwo chifukwa ali ndi miyendo yaifupi, yomwe imakhala ndi mbalame zam'madzi.
12
Albatross amaswana pambuyo pa zaka 5-10 za moyo.
Wandering albatross ali ndi zaka 7, ngakhale zaka 11. Mbalame yotchedwa albatross ikatha kubereka, imabwerera kutera nthawi yokwerera ikathera nthawi yambiri m'nyanja. Poyamba, ichi ndi chibwenzi chabe, chomwe sichikuyimira ubale wokhazikika, koma chimayimira maphunziro a luso lachiyanjano. Mbalame zimatambasula, zimatambasula michira, kulira, kutambasula makosi awo, kukumbatirana ndi milomo yawo, kugogomezera zinthu zimene zimathandiza kuti pakhale chonde. Chibwenzi chingathe mpaka zaka ziwiri. Mbalamezi, zomwe "chiyanjano" chawo chimatenga nthawi yayitali, zimathera nthawi yochuluka kukumbatirana, kupereka mwachifundo, kusamalira nthenga pamutu ndi pakhosi.
13
Maubwenzi a Albatross amakhala moyo wonse, koma ngati n'koyenera, akhoza kupeza bwenzi latsopano ngati atatha moyo wawo woyamba.
Nyengo yoswana ya wandering albatross imakhala chaka chonse, choncho mbalame zambiri zimaswana kamodzi pazaka ziwiri zilizonse. Kubereka kumayamba m'chilimwe ndipo nthawi yonseyi imakhala pafupifupi miyezi 11. Pambuyo pogonana, yaikazi imayikira dzira limodzi lalikulu kwambiri (lolemera pafupifupi 490 g) loyera. Yaikazi yokhayo imamanga chisacho, chomwe chimakhala ngati mulu wa udzu ndi moss. Makulitsidwe amakhala masiku 78. Mwanayo akaswa, amasamalidwa ndi makolo onse awiri. Ma albatross ang'onoang'ono amatha kuuluka patatha masiku 278 ataswana. Ma albatross akuluakulu akudyetsa anapiye awo amasandutsa chakudya chawo kukhala mafuta okhuthala. Pamene mmodzi wa makolo atulukira, mwanapiyeyo akutukula mlomo wake m’mbali mwake ndipo khololo limapopera mafuta. Kudyetsa kumatenga pafupifupi kotala la ola, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumafika gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwa mwanapiye. Kudyetsa kotsatira kungatenge milungu ingapo. Panthawi imeneyi, mwanapiyeyo amakula kwambiri moti makolo angamuzindikire ndi mawu ake kapena fungo lake, koma osati ndi maonekedwe ake.
14
Albatross ndi mbalame zokhala nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 40-50.
Posachedwapa, zadziwika za mkazi wina dzina lake Wisdom, yemwe ali ndi zaka 70 ndipo wamwalira kwambiri ndi anzake amene ankamuweta komanso ngakhale katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo amene anamumanga koyamba mu 1956. Mkazi uyu wangobereka kumene mwana wina. Mwanapiye, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi "mbalame yakale kwambiri yodziwika m'mbiri yonse," anaswa kumayambiriro kwa February 2021 pa Midway Atoll ku Hawaii (chilumbachi, chomwe chili ndi malo okwana 6 km², chili ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi loswana la albatross, lomwe pafupifupi pafupifupi Anthu 2). miliyoni pairs) ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe ku North Pacific. Bambo ake a mwanapiyeyo ndi bwenzi lakale la Wisdom Akeakamay, yemwe mtsikanayo adakwatirana naye kuyambira ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Komanso akuti Wisdom anabereka anapiye oposa 2010 m’moyo wake.
15
Kuphatikiza pa albatross, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, makamaka cockatoo, si mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wautali.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zambiri ndipo amakhala achangu mpaka kumapeto. Asayansi amayerekezera kuti ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala zaka 90, ndipo kuthengo - pafupifupi 40.
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Mitundu yambiri ya albatross ili pangozi ya kutha.
Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lasankha mtundu umodzi wokha wa albatross wakuda wakuda, monga Wosadetsedwa Kwambiri.
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Oyendetsa sitima akale ankakhulupirira kuti mizimu ya amalinyero omira imabadwanso m’matupi a albatross kuti amalize ulendo wawo wapadziko lapansi wopita ku dziko la milungu.
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