Mankhwala Zikumbu

Mankhwala kafadala, kuchiritsa kafadala, kapena kungoti mdima wandiweyani ndi mayina okongola, koma kumbuyo kwawo kuli lingaliro lomwelo: kudya tizirombozi kumayenera kuchiza pafupifupi matenda aliwonse, kuyambira shuga mpaka khansa.

N’chifukwa chiyani timakayikira choncho ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani mawu oti “akukayikira” amagwiritsidwa ntchito? Mwinamwake anthu padziko lonse akuphonyadi mankhwala osavuta ndi amphamvu chotero? Mwina tizilomboti tili ndi machiritso enieni? Tiyeni tione izi.

Mankhwala kachilomboka: ndi tizilombo totani?

Tiyeni tivomere kuti kachilomboka kamene kakambidwa m’nkhani ino ndi kachikumbu ka mankhwala, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ofufuza za mtundu umenewu ananena. Mungafunse chifukwa chiyani chikumbuchi chilibe dzina lodziwika bwino la anthu? Chowonadi ndi chakuti idadziwika mu CIS posachedwa ndipo sakhala m'magawo athu.

Imachokera ku Germany, koma idayambitsidwa ku Argentina kuyambira 1991, komwe idafalikira ku Latin America ndikufika ku Paraguay. Kutengera mbiri yakale komanso malo, titha kunena kuti kachilomboka kadalibe mwayi wopita kum'mawa kwa Greenwich mwachilengedwe.

Chikumbu chamankhwala ndi cha banja lachikumbu (Tenebrionidae, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Tenebrionodae), mtundu wa Palembus. Nthawi zambiri, oimira banja ili sadziwika kwambiri: mayina achilatini amtundu wa banja ili, monga Martianus Fairmaire, Palembus Casey, Ulomoides Blackburn ndi ena, samadzutsa mayanjano apadera.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, m'banja lomwelo muli tizilombo ta ufa, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ku Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus, zomwe zimawononga ufa ndi tirigu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, kachilomboka kamakhala ndi udindo wapadera m'banjali.

Malinga ndi ofufuza, kachilomboka kamatha kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:

• Cancer,
• Matenda a shuga,
• Kachilombo ka HIV
• TB,
• Jaundice,
• Matenda a Parkinson…

The ellipsis amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano pazifukwa: matenda omwe atchulidwawa ali kutali ndi mndandanda wathunthu wa zomwe kafadalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachiwonekere, madokotala anaphonya zambiri zamtengo wapatali: zikuwoneka kuti kachilomboka kameneka kakhala ngati mankhwala achilengedwe, monga mpeni wa asilikali a ku Switzerland!

Kodi ochita kafukufuku anapeza bwanji mankhwala ochititsa chidwi a kachilomboka moti masiku ano amaliona kuti ndi chida chothandiza polimbana ndi khansa?

Kufotokozera kwa anatomical

Kuti timvetse bwino za kachilomboka komanso kufunika kwa ntchito yake padziko lapansi, tiyeni tikumbukire zoyambira za thupi la munthu. Kuyang'ana kumeneku kudzathandiza kudziwa kuti kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito kafadalawa pazachipatala kulidi kotani, kapena ngati pali zina mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa izi.

Kodi khansara ndi chiyani

Khansa, kapena oncology (mawu amenewa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana m'mawu a tsiku ndi tsiku), ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kulephera kwa maselo a thupi kufa ndi kusiya kugawanika. Nthawi zonse, thupi lathu limakhala ndi njira za biochemical zomwe zimayendetsa izi. Komabe, nthawi zina, chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, limagwirira izi akusokonekera, ndipo maselo amayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika, kupanga chotupa.

Chotupa chimatha kuchokera ku selo lililonse m'thupi, ngakhale kuchokera ku mole wamba. Maselo akayamba kuchulukirachulukira mosalamulirika, zimapangitsa kuti chotupacho chipangike. Chithandizo cha khansa nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo njira zochotsa chotupacho, monga opaleshoni kapena chemotherapy, kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri. Katswiri wa oncologist amasankha njira yoyenera yothandizira, poganizira mtundu wa chotupa ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Chithandizo choyenera cha khansa chimaphatikizapo kuletsa chotupacho kuti chisakule ndi kufalikira m'thupi, chomwe chimatchedwanso metastasis. Kunyalanyaza kufunika kwa chithandizo kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwa wodwalayo.

Kodi shuga ndi chiyani

Matenda a shuga mellitus ndi vuto la kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa mahomoni a insulin kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kosakwanira. Insulin ndiyofunikira kuti thupi litenge glucose. Matendawa amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa zakudya kapena chibadwa.

Kuzindikira ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga mellitus zitha kukhazikitsidwa ndi dokotala, ndipo ndi yekhayo amene angakupatseni chithandizo choyenera chomwe cholinga chake ndikuwongolera kagayidwe.

Kupanda insulini yokwanira kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zazikulu monga kusawona bwino, kulephera kwamtima komanso chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha sitiroko. Ngati munyalanyaza chithandizo chomwe dokotala wakupatsani, matenda a shuga akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri kwa thupi.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV ndi chiyani

Kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri kamasokoneza Edzi, koma ndi mikhalidwe iwiri yosiyana. HIV imayimira "human immunodeficiency virus" ndipo AIDS imayimira "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." Edzi ndi gawo loopsa kwambiri la kachilombo ka HIV, likudziwonetsera kokha m'magawo otsiriza a matendawa, pamene kachilomboka kafika pazipita, ndipo mankhwala amatha kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala.

Anthu ambiri amanena molondola kuti HIV ndi yosachiritsika, ndipo izi ndi zoona - lero matendawa alibe mankhwala ochiritsira. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira chinthu chimodzi chofunikira: mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ma virus m'thupi, ndikupangitsa kuti matendawa akhale osagwira ntchito. Anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amatha kukhala ndi moyo wonse komanso kukhala makolo.

Komabe, kudziwa pang'ono za matenda, kufalitsa zidziwitso zakale komanso nkhani zabodza pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti zimachititsa kuti anthu azisokonezeka komanso kuwalepheretsa kulandira zidziwitso zaposachedwa. Zotsatira zake, ngakhale matenda ochiritsika amatha kupita patsogolo. Izi zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu kwa odwala, mabanja awo, ndipo, pamapeto pake, chisamaliro chaumoyo cha dziko.

Kusazindikira kwa odwala kumabweretsa chisokonezo pazachipatala ndikupangitsa kuti chithandizo chikhale chovuta. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ngati anthu amalakwitsa mankhwala kafadala ngati opulumutsa ku matenda onse.

Za machiritso a mankhwala kafadala

Poyamba, anthu okhala m’mayiko a kum’maŵa monga Japan ndi China analankhula za ubwino wa tizilombozi ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti “kudya kachikumbu” kumathandiza ndi ululu wa m’munsi ndi chifuwa. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma XNUMX, malipoti onena za zinthu zodabwitsa za chikumbuchi anayamba kuonekera kuchokera ku Latin America.

Tizilombo timeneti tidatchuka kwambiri ndi Ruben Dieminger, yemwe adafalitsa zida zambiri zokhudzana ndi tizilombo tochiritsa patsamba lake. Kenako Andrey Davydenko adalowa nawo ndawala iyi. Opanga malowa amanena kuti kusintha kwabwino m'thupi kumawonekera mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi asanu mpaka makumi awiri.

Anthu amene amafalitsa uthenga wodabwitsa wa tizilomboto pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amalongosola zozizwitsa zake motere. Pophunzira mmodzi wa oimira banja lachikumbu, Tenebrio Molitor, anapeza kuti akazi awo amatulutsa pheromone inayake yomwe ili ndi "molekyu yotsitsimula". Chidziwitso cholondola chokhudza kapangidwe ka molekyulu iyi sichinaperekedwe, chifukwa zida zomwe zili pamasamba ochezera a pa Intaneti zimatengera zolemba zomwezo kuchokera ku mtundu waku Russia wa tsambalo, ndipo palibenso zina.

Komabe, chidziwitsochi tsopano chikufalitsidwa mwachangu, ndipo ngakhale kuchokera ku njira yayikulu ya dziko pali malingaliro ophatikizira kafadala muzakudya. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa mitsempha kunachedwetsedwa ndi makoswe omwe amadyetsedwa ndi kachilomboka. Zimaganiziridwa kuti pheromone inawononga maselo omwe anakhudzidwa, zomwe zinathandiza kuchepetsa kuwononga.

Mankhwala kachilomboka. Ndani, ngati si iye?

Kupereka mankhwala ku tizilombo ndi nkhani yokhudzana ndi mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse. Inde, ndithudi, pali zochitika pamene mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ovomerezeka ndi World Health Organization, FDA, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndi mabungwe ena azachipatala, koma muzochitika izi tikukamba za zinthu zapadera kwambiri.

Komabe, pankhani ya tizilombo tamankhwala, katundu wawo amaposa zomwe wamba atulukira. Kupezeka kumeneku kutha kusankhidwa kukhala Mphotho ya Nobel mu zamankhwala, chemistry ndi biology nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudzifunsa nokha funso: mwina ndife okayikira kwambiri ndipo tikusowa chinthu chofunikira kwambiri?

Nsikidzi zotsutsana ndi miyambo

Mawu akuti "mankhwala achikhalidwe" akhala kale mawu onyansa pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti pakati pa anthu omwe amatsatira asing'anga. Kodi mankhwala azitsamba onse ndi chiyani ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse?

Mwachizoloŵezi (munthu angafune kunena za chikhalidwe) kumvetsetsa, mankhwala achikhalidwe ndi omwe amapereka njira ya chithandizo ndi njira zovomerezeka. Chifukwa chake, izi zimadzutsa funso: ndi ndani komanso ndi njira ziti zomwe mankhwalawa adazindikirika ndipo chifukwa chiyani katundu wawo amapindula ndikugonjetsa matendawa, ndipo, mokhazikika, kumwa koloko kwa khansa ya m'mimba ndi njira yochokera m'gulu la mankhwala ena?

Mankhwala achikhalidwe amalumikizana mosalekeza ndi mankhwala ozikidwa pa umboni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati tikufuna kudziwa ngati mankhwala enaake ndi othandiza, tiyenera kuyang'ana ziwerengero ndikuwona kuti ndi anthu angati omwe adathandizira komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adapanga chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adatsatira ndondomekoyi. Tikadutsa malire, tinganene kuti njirayo ndi yothandiza.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti "achikhalidwe" sanatsutse phunziro la kafadala. Pali mabuku osachepera awiri omwe amatsimikizira kuti mankhwala a kafadalawa amawononga maselo a khansa ndipo ali ndi immunomodulatory ndi antiphlogistic, ndiko kuti, anti-inflammatory effects. Kodi ndi chiyani chimene sayansi sichinkakonda kwambiri tizilomboti?

Mankhwala ozikidwa pa umboni amachenjeza za zinthu zotsatirazi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kumwa kwa kachilomboka:

1. Kawopsedwe: Kuchulukitsa mlingo wa Ulomoides Dermestoides (uwu ndi mtundu wa kafadala) ungayambitse kuledzera. Kuchuluka kwa nsikidzi zomwe zingayambitse poyizoni zimasiyanasiyana, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti mlingowu ndi wa munthu aliyense payekha.
2. Chiwopsezo cha zovuta: Kumwa mankhwala kafadala kungayambitse chibayo. Komanso, kafadala si wosabala, zomwe kumawonjezera mwayi wachiwiri matenda.
3. Zosatchulika: Pheromone yopangidwa ndi kafadala imachita zinthu mopanda tsankho, imawononga maselo mosasankha - odwala komanso athanzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo athanzi m'thupi amathanso kuwonongeka.

Komanso, ndi bwino kuganizira mbali inanso: maphunziro pa zotsatira za kafadala pa thupi ndi ochepa kwambiri chiwerengero. Izi zikutanthauza kuti n'zosatheka kufotokoza malingaliro onse ponena za zotsatira zabwino za tizilombo. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti zozizwitsa za kafadala sizimafufuzidwa kwambiri ndi kafukufuku wamankhwala; osati panopa.

Chikumbu-dotolo-mchiritsi-mchiritsi: chotsatira chake ndi chiyani?

Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zimene tingafikire potengera mfundo imeneyi? Ndikosatheka kuweruza zisankho za anthu omwe akukumana ndi matenda oopsa, makamaka pankhani ya mkangano wotsutsana ndi HIV ndi khansa, womwe ukupitiliza kuyambitsa mikangano. Komabe, pankhani yopereka chithandizo chamalonda ndi njira zosavomerezeka, kaya nsikidzi, soda kapena china chilichonse, zinthu zikuwonekera bwino. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu idakuthandizani kumvetsetsa nkhaniyi ndikuwunika momwe mungadalire malonjezo omwe amabwera mu gawo la "makalata kwa mkonzi", akulonjeza kuchiritsa matenda aliwonse nthawi yomweyo.

Kubwereza mawu odziwika kale, koma osafunikira kwenikweni: kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kuyezetsa pafupipafupi kwachipatala kungathandize kupewa matenda oopsa, ndipo chithandizo chimatheka mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka. Lolani uthenga uwu upeze owerenga ake!

Mafunso ofunsidwa kawirikawiri

Kodi amagwiritsira ntchito tizilombo ta ufa?

Tsamba lovomerezeka lachikumbu lachi Russia silitchulapo za kugwiritsa ntchito kafadala odziwika bwino. Pazifukwa zomwe takambirana m'mawuwa, zikumbu za ku Argentina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi omwe adapanga tsambali, ku Argentina kachilomboka kamawetedwa ndikutumizidwa kwaulere.

Kodi kachilomboka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti musayese kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zingapezeke mu yankho la funsoli! Mankhwala otulutsidwa ndi kafadalawa amadziwika kuti ndi oopsa. M'malo ena otseguka mungapeze malangizo oti muwagwiritse ntchito pamodzi ndi mkate, kuonjezera mlingo molingana ndi masiku a maphunziro (tsiku loyamba - kachilomboka kamodzi, tsiku lachiwiri - awiri, ndi zina zotero), komanso gwiritsani ntchito tincture. .

Ndi njira ziti zomwe zilipo ngati si njira iyi?

Monga mukudziwa kale, malingaliro athu amagwirizana ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka. Dokotala yekha ndi amene angapereke chithandizo chomwe sichiyenera kokha, komanso chotetezeka. Amachita izi atasonkhanitsa mosamala anamnesis ndikupanga chithunzi chonse cha matenda anu.