Tizilombo tothandiza polimbana ndi tizirombo

Ngakhale mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaulimi, kudalira mankhwala si njira yabwino yothanirana ndi tizirombo pazifukwa izi:

Kutsutsana

Chotsalira chachikulu chomwe chikupitiriza kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kuthekera kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tizilombo pafupifupi 500 ndi tizirombo tina tating'onoting'ono timawonetsa kukana. M'malo mwake, ena aiwo sangathe kuwongoleredwa ndi zida zankhondo zamakono.

Sekondale tizilombo vuto

Ngakhale mankhwala othandiza polimbana ndi tizilombo nthawi zambiri amapha kapena kusokoneza tizilombo tothandiza ndi tizilombo tina. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimalola kuti tizilombo (osati tizilombo wamba, koma kachilomboka kena kamene kamagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chomwe chilipo) kuti chiwonjezeke msanga, popeza palibe zilombo m'munda zomwe zingalepheretse kuphulika kwa anthu. Nthawi zina kuwonongeka (kwanthawi yayitali komanso kwachuma) kochokera ku tizirombo tachiwiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa kwa tizilombo tomwe tinkafuna.

Gulani mitundu yathu yayikulu ya tizilombo tothandiza, kuphatikiza moyo ladybugs, ku BezTarakanov. Hafu pinti - 4,500 ladybugs - samalirani dimba lalikulu, ndipo FedEx imatulutsa mkati mwa masiku awiri. KWAULERE! Kodi pali tizirombo? Pitani chida chathu chothana ndi tizirombo kuti muwone zithunzi, mafotokozedwe ndi mndandanda wathunthu wazowononga zachilengedwe.

The Economy

Kuphatikiza kukana, tizirombo tachiwiri, ndi zoletsa zamalamulo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi chitetezo ndi kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe kwawonjezera mtengo wamankhwala ophera tizilombo. Komanso vuto lazachuma kwa opanga malonda ndi kufunikira kwa chakudya chopanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo (mashopu akulu akulu amalengeza kuyesa kodziyimira pawokha kwa zinthu zawo potengera kukakamizidwa kwa ogula).

Yankho lake ndikukulitsa m'malo mokulitsa kuwongolera kwa tizilombo:

1. Dziwani Tizilombo - Sikuti tizilombo tonse timawononga!
2. Khazikitsani mulingo woyenera wa kuwonongeka kovomerezeka - si tizirombo tonse tofunika pazachuma.
3. Yang'anirani momwe tizilombo timene tikuyendera nthawi zonse; nthawi zina palibe kulamulira kumafunika.
4. Ngati kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungathe kuwononga chuma, gwiritsani ntchito njira zonse zomwe zilipo komanso zovomerezeka, kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe, biological, makina, zachilengedwe kapena botanical mankhwala.
5. Kutulutsa kwanthawi zonse kwa tizilombo tothandiza (monga njira yodzitetezera ndi kuwongolera) tsopano ndi gawo la IPM 'yachikhalidwe' paulimi ndipo kuyenera kuganiziridwa ndikukhazikitsidwa moyenera.
6. Lembani zotsatira zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito m'tsogolomu - njira zodzitetezera zimafunika kukonzekera pasadakhale.

"Mdani wa mdani wanga ndi bwenzi langa"

Masiku ano, alimi ambiri akuluakulu ndi wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tothandiza, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina. Amene akudziwa za zida zowononga tizilombo amadziwa kale kufunika kokonzekera bwino. Kwa omwe mwangobwera nafe, mutha kusunga nthawi, ndalama komanso kukhumudwa pophunzira kufunikira kwa:

1. Kusankha mtundu woyenera
2. Nthawi yoyenera
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera
4. Malo abwino

Tikamalima kapena kumunda (makamaka kulima monoculture), timasintha chilengedwe kuti tikonde zomwe tikufuna kulima. Titha kuchotsa udzu, kuthirira nthaka, kupereka madzi owonjezera, etc. Komabe, chakudya chatsopanochi chidzakopa alendo athu oyambirira. Nthawi zambiri, zomera zimakopa odyetsa ambiri, omwe pamapeto pake amakopa adani ndi majeremusi. Nthawi yapakati pa kubwera kwa tizilombo ndi maonekedwe a mdani ikhoza kukhala yodula. Asayansi padziko lonse lapansi akufufuza nthawi zonse adani achilengedwe omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakagwa tizilombo.

Tizilombo tamalonda timatulutsa tizilombo tambiri tomwe tatsimikizira kale kuti titha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toononga mokwanira kuti tichepetse kapena kuthetsa kuwongolera kwamankhwala.

Whiteflies ndi zovulaza ku zomera zakunja ndi zamkati poyamwa madzi a zomera. Pazifukwa zina, amathanso kufalitsa matenda. tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imaikira mazira—50 mpaka 100—m’magulu onse aŵiri a pupae ndi pambuyo pake mphutsi za ntchentche zoyera, kuwawononga asanakula.

1. Mitundu yoyenera

• Zindikirani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (tizirombo tachiwiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kwambiri ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma nthawi zambiri "zimalengedwa" poyesa kuyesa kuwononga mankhwala okhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda).
• Dziwani adani a tizilombo.
• Phatikizani zambiri izi munjira yanu yothana ndi tizirombo.

Ngati n'kotheka, sankhani choloŵa chapadera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mavu a Trichogramma amawononga mazira a mitundu yoposa 200 ya njenjete ndi mazira agulugufe, motero amalepheretsa kumera kwa mbozi zowononga. Koma mbozi ikaswa, imagwera m'madyerero osiyanasiyana, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mwina mavairasi ngakhalenso nyama zamsana. Chitetezo chanu chachikulu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pochepetsa chiwerengero choyambirira cha mbozi zomwe zimawononga chomeracho, njira zina zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zingakhale zokwanira kuti tizilombo towononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisawonongeke. Nthata zolusa ndizoyenera kuyambika pothana ndi tizirombo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha bwino (onani zolemba za nkhupakupa). Zilombo zambiri zachilengedwe sizipezeka pamalonda; ambiri a iwo kwenikweni akadali osadziwika. Koma zambiri zilipo kuti zikuthandizeni kusankha bwino pakati pa adani / majeremusi omwe alipo lero.

2. kulunzanitsa

Kusunga nthawi yoyenera ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera tizilombo tachilengedwe potulutsa tizilombo tothandiza. Wodwala ayenera kupezeka ndi tiziromboti. Nthawi zina (monga Trichogramma spp.) kutulutsa pafupipafupi kumakhala kotheka chifukwa zolandilira zambiri zilipo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tichuluke chirombocho chisanatulukire. Koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Trichogramma - dzira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda), tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayenera kukhalapo mochuluka mokwanira pamene tizilombo tolimbana ndi kachilomboka tilipo. Mwachitsanzo, Trichogramma singathandize ngati mbozi zaswa kale mazira onse. Whitefly parasite Encarcia formosaKomano, sayenera kuperekedwa popanda ntchentche zoyera.

Ndipo ngakhale kuti zilombo zina zimatha kukhala ndi moyo kwakanthawi popanda chakudya, zambiri zimafunikira chakudya chokhazikika. Choncho, ngati nyama yolusayo ili yeniyeni (i.e., nthata zowononga akangaude), maulamuliro ayenera kupangidwa pamene tizilombo tiripo (kapena ngakhale tizilombo), koma tizilombo tisanakhale ochuluka kwambiri kuti tithe kulamulira mokwanira. Kumbali ina, ngati chilombocho sichinatchulidwe mwatchutchutchu, mawu oyamba angatchulidwe ngati pali chakudya. Kutulutsa kopindulitsa kwa tizilombo pakapita nthawi kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa adani.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera

Perekani tizilombo tambiri tothandiza tomwe tili pamalo abwino pafupi ndi malo omwe mukufuna.

Nthaŵi zina, kugwiritsira ntchito moyenera kumangokhala nkhani ya kukonzekera bwino ndi kusamalira katunduyo. Nthawi zonse samalani kuti mupeze zamoyozo ndikusunga malo abwino amisala zisanatulutsidwe m'munda wanu, m'munda wanu, wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'munda wa zipatso. Kupatula apo, kuwongolera koyenera ndikofunikira kuti zamoyozi zizikhala ndi moyo, zizigwira ntchito bwino komanso ziziyenda bwino.

Kuthamanga kwa ntchito kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri. Malangizo alipo kwa tizilombo topindulitsa pa malonda. Apanso, OSATI kudikirira mpaka kuchuluka kwa tizirombo takwera kwambiri. Mutha kusunga ndalama ngati mutatulutsa nthawi yanu moyenera.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito zimachokera ku kutulutsa pansi pamanja mpaka kutulutsa mlengalenga kumadera akuluakulu. Zambiri zikusowa pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zoperekera. Komabe, chiwongoladzanja chowonjezereka cha machitidwe akuluakulu operekera zinthu ndi opindulitsa kwambiri.

Tizilombo tolusa timeneti timadya akangaude odya masamba ndi tizirombo tina todya zomera. Spider mite adani pafupifupi kukula kwa kangaude wa mawanga awiri, mtundu wa lalanje kapena bulauni, wopanda mawanga, komanso wonyezimira komanso wooneka ngati mapeyala kuposa nyama zawo.

4. Malo abwino

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuthana ndi tizirombo zachilengedwe ndikusunga malo omwe ndi abwino ku tizilombo topindulitsa momwe tingathere. Nthawi zina, mbewu zotetezedwa bwino zimatha kukhala gwero la zilombo zambiri ndi tizirombo. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zilombo zakutchire zolimidwa mwamalonda kudzakhala kopambana ngati kutentha ndi chinyezi ziganiziridwa. Mikhalidwe yabwino imasungidwa panthawi yopanga; chidwi chimaperekedwa pakuwonetsetsa mayendedwe oyenera (tizilombo zopindulitsa nthawi zambiri zimanyamulidwa pamlingo wotetezedwa kwambiri wa moyo wawo); Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamalira katunduyo moyenera komwe mukupita, i.e. musachisiye m'bokosi la makalata kapena galimoto yotentha; Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kumaphatikizapo kulingalira za kutentha (musagwiritse ntchito panthawi yotentha kwambiri masana). Komanso, posankha zamoyo, ganizirani zofunikira zodziwika (mwachitsanzo, nthata zina zolusa zimafuna chinyezi chochepa cha 60%, ena 40%).

Ntchito

Titha kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri zophatikiza kutulutsa kopindulitsa kwa tizilombo m'minda, kuyang'anira m'munda ndi upangiri pamagawo ambiri othana ndi tizilombo tachilengedwe.

Polimbana ndi tizilombo zopindulitsa zomwe zili ndi "shelufu" yayifupi, kukonzekera pasadakhale ndikofunikira. Ndikofunikiranso kukhala ndi gwero lodalirika la zilombo zachilengedwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mukangoganiza zogwiritsa ntchito. Chonde titumizireni posachedwa kuti "musungitse" oda yanu.

Kuwongolera bwino

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri popereka tizilombo topindulitsa ndi kuwongolera bwino (QC). Tsiku lililonse (ndipo nthawi zina usiku) tizilombo timayang'anitsitsa maonekedwe, kuswana, nkhanza, ndi zina zotero. Zitsanzo zimatengedwa musanatumizidwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili bwino. Ukadaulo watsopano wopangidwa ndi ma insectariums athu, USDA ndi mayunivesite amatha kukhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo kupanga kuti apititse patsogolo komanso kuchita bwino. Tizilombo zathu timakulira m'nyumba zomwe sizimakonda zachilengedwe. Komabe, mayesero asonyeza kuti tizilombo tikamakulira m'malo osakhala achilengedwe, luso lawo lofufuza, nkhanza, ndi zina zotero zimatha kuchepa pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo. Kuti tiwonetsetse kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timapeza zikhalidwe "zoyambira" mwachindunji kuchokera kwa Amayi Nature ndikuyambanso ntchitoyi. Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani mankhwala abwino kwambiri kuti akuthandizeni kuwongolera tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, mogwira mtima komanso mwachuma.

Chitsimikizo

Popanda mphemvu zimatsimikizira kuperekedwa kwake kwazinthu zabwino.