Earthworms: zomwe muyenera kudziwa za othandizira m'munda
Ambiri wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa, kukonzekera mabedi, anakumana earthworms. Zinyamazi zimabweretsa zabwino zambiri, chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yofunika, nthaka imadzazidwa ndi okosijeni ndipo imakhala yotayirira chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kake.
Zamkatimu
Kodi nyongolotsi imawoneka bwanji: chithunzi
Kufotokozera za mphutsi
dzina: Earthworm kapena Earthworm
Zaka.: LumbricinaMaphunziro: Lamba nyongolotsi - Clitellata
Gulu: Gulu - Crassiclitellata
 | Malo okhala: | kulikonse kupatula Antarctica |
 | Phindu kapena kuvulaza: | zothandiza m'nyumba ndi m'munda |
 | Kufotokozera: | nyama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga biohumus |
Mphutsi zapadziko lapansi kapena nyongolotsi zapadziko lapansi zili m'gulu la nyongolotsi zazing'ono ndipo zimakhala m'makontinenti onse kupatula Arctic ndi Antarctica. Pali oimira ambiri a suborder iyi, yomwe imasiyana ndi kukula kwake.
Kutalika kwa mphutsi kungakhale kuchokera 2 cm mpaka 3 mamita. Thupi likhoza kukhala ndi zigawo za 80-300, zomwe zimakhalapo, zomwe zimapumula panthawi yoyendayenda. Setae palibe pagawo loyamba.
Dongosolo la kuzungulira kwa mbozi imakhala ndi ziwiya zazikulu ziwiri, zomwe magazi amayenda kuchokera kutsogolo kwa thupi kupita kumbuyo.
Nyongolotsi imapuma kudzera m'maselo apakhungu omwe ali ndi ntchofu zoteteza zomwe zimakhala ndi antiseptics. Alibe mapapo.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa munthu ndi zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Amagwira ntchito mu March-April ndipo kenako mu September-October. M’nyengo yotentha, amakwawira m’kuya, ndipo amagona tulo tofa nato, ngati kuti akugona. M’nyengo yozizira, nyongolotsi zimamira mozama moti chisanu sichimafika. Pamene kutentha kumakwera m’nyengo ya masika, zimakwera pamwamba.
Kubalana
Mphutsi.
Earthworms ndi hermaphrodites bereka pogonana, munthu aliyense ali ndi njira yoberekera ya mkazi ndi mwamuna. Amapezana wina ndi mzake mwa fungo ndi bwenzi.
Mu lamba, lomwe lili m'magawo akunja a nyongolotsi, mazira amapangidwa ndi umuna, komwe amakula kwa milungu 2-4. Nyongolotsi zazing'ono zimatuluka ngati chikwa, momwe muli anthu 20-25, ndipo pakatha miyezi 3-4 amakula mpaka kukula kwawo. Mbadwo umodzi wa mphutsi umapezeka pachaka.
Kodi mphutsi zimadya chiyani
Earthworms kumeza kuchuluka kwa nthaka, kudya masamba ovunda, assimilating organic kanthu kuti alipo.
Amakonza chilichonse, kupatulapo tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba, kapena zomwe zili ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Ngati mukufuna kuswana kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyongolotsi, mutha kubzala mbewu monga chimanga, clover ndi dzinja pamalopo.
Koma kukhalapo kwa mphutsi m’nthaka ndi chizindikiro chabwino cha chonde.
Pazakudya za nyama, kuphatikiza zotsalira za zomera zomwe zimapeza chakudya pamodzi ndi dziko lapansi, pali:
- zotsalira zowola za nyama;
- manyowa;
- tizilombo takufa kapena hibernating;
- masamba a masamba;
- zamkati mwa zitsamba zatsopano;
- kuyeretsa masamba.
Kuti chakudya chigaye, nyongolotsi zimasakaniza ndi nthaka. M'kati mwa matumbo, chisakanizocho chimaphatikizana bwino ndipo zotsatira zake ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi organic matter, chomwe chimakhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Slowworms samagaya chilichonse nthawi yomweyo, koma amapanga zinthu m'zipinda zapadera kuti pakhale chakudya chokwanira banja. Chovala chimodzi chamvula patsiku chimatha kuyamwa chakudya chofanana ndi kulemera kwake.
Njira yodyera chakudya chatsopano
Masamba atsopano, makamaka nyongolotsi zimakonda letesi ndi kabichi, zimadya mwanjira inayake. Nyongolotsi zimakonda mbali zofewa za zomera.
- Ndi milomo yotuluka, nyongolotsiyo imagwira mbali yofewa ya tsambalo.
- Kutsogolo kwa thupi kumangiriridwa pang'ono, chifukwa chomwe pharynx imamatira ku zamkati.
- Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwapakati pa thupi, mpweya umapangidwa ndipo nyongolotsi imameza chidutswa cha zofewa za tsamba.
- Sadya mitsempha, koma amatha kukokera zotsalira m'dzenje kuti zitseke motere.
Adani a mphutsi
Mbalame zimakonda kwambiri kudya mphutsi, timadontho timene timakhala pansi pa nthaka timazipeza ndi fungo ndikuzidya. Akalulu, akalulu ndi nkhandwe amadyanso nyongolotsi. Iwo ali ndi zokwanira adani achilengedwe.
Nyongolotsi: tizilombo kapena ayi
Mphutsi zimatengedwa ngati lingaliro lachikale. Carl Linnaeus amati ndi mitundu iyi ya nyama zonse zopanda msana, koma osaphatikiza arthropods.
Amapanga banja losiyana la Lumbiricides, wachibale wapamtima wa nyongolotsi ndi leeches ndi nyongolotsi za polychaete. Ili ndi gulu la anthu okhala m'nthaka, omwe, malinga ndi mawonekedwe angapo a morphological, adalumikizana m'banja la oligochaetes.
Earthworms: Phindu la nyama pamalopo
Zambiri zitha kunenedwa za ubwino wa nyongolotsi. Amagawidwa pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula m'zipululu ndi madera ozizira.
- Amathirira nthaka ndi ndowe zawo.
- Kusuntha kumasula zigawo ndikulimbikitsa mpweya.
- Taya zotsalira za zomera.
- Utsi wawo umagwira pansi palimodzi, ming'alu sikuwoneka pamenepo.
- Kuchokera pansi pa nthaka, nyongolotsi zimanyamula mchere, zomwe zimakonzanso nthaka.
- Imawonjezera kukula kwa mbewu. Ndikosavuta kuti mizu ilowe mu ndime zomwe mphutsi zapanga.
- Amapanga dothi lokhala ndi mawanga ndikuthandizira mgwirizano wake.
Momwe mungathandizire mphutsi
Mphutsi zimabweretsa phindu ku chuma, koma nthawi zambiri anthu amawononga miyoyo yawo. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, mutha kutsatira zingapo zofunika.
| Kuthamanga | Chepetsani kupanikizika pansi ndi mitundu yonse yamakina ndi makina. |
| Weather | Gwirani ntchito nthaka ikakhala youma komanso yozizira, ndiye kuti mphutsi zakuya. |
| Kulima | Ndi bwino kuchepetsa kulima, komanso pamtunda kuti mugwire ngati kuli kofunikira. |
| kalendala | Pa nthawi yochita zinthu zambiri m'nyengo ya masika ndi yophukira, chepetsani ntchito pansi kwambiri momwe mungathere. |
| Zomera | Kutsatira kasinthasintha wa mbeu, kuyambitsa manyowa obiriwira ndi kubzala mbewu zosatha kumapangitsa kuti zakudya zizikhala bwino. |
| Kupaka pamwamba | Feteleza oyenerera amathandizira kukhalapo kwa mphutsi kukhala zabwino. |
Zosangalatsa za moyo wa mphutsi
Zikuoneka kuti zachilendo zikhoza kuchitika mu nyama zosavuta.
- Mitundu yaku Australia ndi South America imafika kutalika kwa 3 metres.
- Ngati nyongolotsi itaya mapeto a thupi, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri imamera yatsopano, koma ikang'ambika pakati, ndiye kuti mphutsi ziwiri sizikula.
- Nyongolotsi imodzi imabweretsa 6 kg ya ndowe padziko lapansi pachaka.
- Zifukwa mphutsi zimabwera pamwamba mvula ikagwa akadali chinsinsi kwa ambiri.
Pomaliza
Mphutsi za m'nthaka kapena nyongolotsi zimabweretsa zabwino zambiri zolemeretsa nthaka ndi mpweya, kukonza masamba akugwa, manyowa. Ndime zokumbidwa ndi mphutsi zimathandizira kulowetsa chinyezi mpaka kuya. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, zinthu zamchere kuchokera pansi pa nthaka zosanjikiza zimasunthira kumtunda wapamwamba, ndipo zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse.
