Kodi nsikidzi ndi chiyani: mitundu ya tizirombo, majeremusi ndi zolusa zopindulitsa kuchokera ku dongosolo la nsikidzi
Nsikidzi ndi mtundu wofala wa tizilombo. Sikuti asayansi okha ayenera kuphunzira mawonekedwe awo - nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nyumba za anthu, zomwe zimachititsa anthu mavuto ambiri. Pali mitundu yopitilira 40 ya tizilombo. Pansipa pali tsatanetsatane wa zomwe nsikidzi zilipo, mitundu yawo, zithunzi.
Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera za nsikidzi
Nsikidzi zimayimira dongosolo la Hemiptera. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pali mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo izi, koma ngakhale mitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, oimira dongosolo ili ali ndi zinthu zina zofanana.
Maonekedwe
Makhalidwe akunja a nsikidzi amatha kukhala osiyana, nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha chilengedwe chomwe amakhala. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kusiyana ndi 1 mpaka 15 mm. Komanso, akazi nthawi zonse amakhala aakulu kuposa amuna.
Mtundu wa tizirombo ndi wa mitundu iwiri: zoletsa ndi zowonetsera.
Mitundu yodzitchinjiriza (yofiirira, mithunzi yobiriwira) ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsikidzi. Tizilombo tomwe tilibe adani achilengedwe m'chilengedwe timajambula mumitundu yowala. Zinthu zachilengedwe zimatsimikiziranso mawonekedwe a thupi la nsikidzi: zimatha kukhala zozungulira, zooneka ngati ndodo, zozungulira, zosalala.
Zomangamanga
Zakudya za chakudya
Zakudya za nsikidzi zimatengera mtundu wake. Pali mitundu yomwe imadya magazi a anthu ndi nyama, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta khungu lakufa, tsitsi. Ena amadya zakudya zamasamba zokha: masamba, mphukira, zipatso. Palinso tizilombo ta polyphagous, muzakudya zomwe muli chakudya chimodzi ndi china.
Malo okhala nsikidzi
Apanso, chilichonse chimakhala payekhapayekha: tizilombo tina timakhala m'malo okhala anthu (m'ming'alu, nsalu zapakhomo, mipando, zovala, ndi zina), ena amakhala m'chilengedwe komanso m'minda yamaluwa.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya nsikidzi
Sikuti mitundu yonse ya nsikidzi imavulaza anthu komanso ulimi. Pali mitundu yothandiza, komanso yomwe siyivulaza kapena kupindula. M'munsimu muli kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo.
Mitundu ya tizirombo ta m'munda ndi m'munda
Mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo towononga timakhala m'nyumba zachilimwe komanso m'minda. Amayamwa madzi a zomera, amadya mphukira, zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa ya mbewu.
Mitundu ya nsikidzi
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadya magazi a nyama zotentha ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoopsa kwa iwo, chifukwa ndi onyamula ma virus owopsa.
Zogona
Amakhala m'malo okhala anthu okha, amakonda bedi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kusiyana ndi 3 mpaka 8 mm - munthu wodyetsedwa bwino amakula kukula, mtundu wa thupi ndi bulauni. Imaukira munthu, monga lamulo, usiku: imapyoza khungu ndi proboscis yakuthwa ndikuyamwa magazi.
| Bug | Ichi ndi mtundu wa nsikidzi. Iwo yodziwika ndi chowulungika thupi mawonekedwe, bulauni thupi mtundu. Akakhuta, kachilomboka kamakhala ndi utoto wofiyira ndipo amakula kwambiri. |
| Cimex adjunctus | Komanso ndi mitundu ya nsikidzi. Palibe kusiyana kwakunja mu malingaliro omwe tafotokozawa. Imagwiritsa ntchito magazi a mileme ngati chakudya, koma nthawi zina imathanso kuukira anthu. |
Cimex hemipterus
Amadya magazi a nkhuku, choncho minda ya nkhuku nthawi zambiri imakhala malo awo. Amathanso kuukira munthu, koma anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mbalame nthawi zambiri amakhala ozunzidwa. Cimex hemipterus amakhala m'madera otentha okha omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha.
Oeciacus
Ozunzidwa ndi tizirombozi ndi mbalame yamtundu umodzi wokha - swallows. Nsikidzi zimakhala m’zisa zawo n’kumadutsamo. Kachilomboka kamakhala ndi thupi lozungulira, lopaka utoto woyera. Amagawidwa kwambiri ku Europe gawo la Russia.
Triatomine bug (Triatominae)
Tizilombo timeneti timawona kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kupatsira munthu matenda oopsa - matenda a Chagas. Ndilo lalikulu kwambiri - akuluakulu amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 2. Mtundu ndi wakuda, pali mawanga ofiira kapena alalanje m'mbali.
Mitundu ya nsikidzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi
Mitundu ingapo ya nsikidzi zazolowera kukhala m'madzi. Tizilombo totere timasiyanitsidwa ndi miyendo yayitali, yotukuka, yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chotengera podutsa m'madzi. Nsikidzi zonse za m'madzi zimadya nyama zolusa.
Othandizira nsikidzi
Mitundu ina ya nsikidzi imadya tizilombo towononga anzawo. Pachifukwa ichi, amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza ndipo amaŵetedwa mwapadera ndikugulitsidwa.
| Nsikidzi pabedi Podisus maculiventris | Mtundu wa oimira mtundu uwu umasiyana kuchokera ku beige mpaka bulauni. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 11 mm. Bug Podisus maculiventris amadya mphutsi za Colorado potato beetle, gypsy moth, ndi American whitefly. |
| Anthocoris nemorum | Tizilombo tating'ono (osapitirira 4 mm) kutalika, ndi thupi la bulauni. Khazikitsani pa zipatso, mbewu zamasamba, mbewu za nectariferous. Amateteza mbewu ku tizirombo monga nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata zofiira, nyongolotsi za masamba, ndi mapeyala. |
| Nsikidzi zamtundu wa Orius | Amasiyana pang'ono kukula ndi voracity lalikulu. Kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba, mazira a mbozi, akangaude ndi tizirombo tina pa nthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko chawo. Popanda chakudya chokwanira, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a zomera, zomwe sizimavulaza chomaliza. |
| Banja la adani (Reduviidae) | Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wachilendo: gawo lalikulu la thupi ndi lakuda, koma pali zowala, lalanje ndi zofiira. Amasaka mumdima wokha: amapeza malo oikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuyamwa mazira. |
| Banja la Macrolophus (Miridae) | Akuluakulu ali ndi thupi laling'ono (losapitirira 4 mm), lopaka mithunzi yobiriwira. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kususuka kwakukulu: m'mwezi amatha kuwononga mazira pafupifupi 3 a whitefly. |
| Perillus bicentennial | Oimira amtunduwu amasiyanitsidwa ndi chipolopolo chakuda chokhala ndi chitsanzo chowala. Chakudya chachikulu cha prillus ndi Colorado mbatata kachilomboka pamagawo onse akukula. Ngati palibe kafadala, ndiye kuti nsikidzi zimayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mbozi ndi agulugufe ngati chakudya. |
Mitundu ya nsikidzi zothandiza
Mitundu yotsatirayi ya nsikidzi ndi yopindulitsanso paulimi.
nsikidzi zosavulaza
Tizilombo totere titha kutchedwa osalowerera ndale pokhudzana ndi zinthu zaulimi: sizivulaza kapena kupindula.
Msilikali wa nsikidzi
Nsikidzi zamtunduwu zakhala zikudziwika kwa ambiri kuyambira ali mwana chifukwa cha mitundu yake yosiyana: chishango cha mtundu wofiira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda. Thupi lake ndi lathyathyathya, lalitali. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tizilombo timakhala muzitsulo zazikulu ndipo sizifuna kubisala pamaso pa anthu. Pamasiku adzuwa, kudzikundikira kwawo kumatha kuwoneka pazitsa, mitengo, nyumba zamatabwa.
alder bug
Dzina lina la tizilomboti ndi nkhuku. Mitunduyi idatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa chakuti zazikazi zimasankha mtengo wa alder wokha kuti ubereke. Chochititsa chidwi cha oimira mtundu uwu ndi chakuti zazikazi sizidzachoka pachisa mpaka mphutsi zitakhala zamphamvu ndipo zimatha kudya zokha.
Kodi nsikidzi zingavulaze bwanji?
Tizilombozi nthawi zambiri timawononga tizilombo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zovulaza zomwe zimayambitsa zimadalira mtundu wawo.
- Choncho, mwachitsanzo, nsikidzi za bedi kapena zapakhomo sizingathe kuwononga kwambiri thanzi laumunthu - sizinyamula matenda oopsa ndi mavairasi, koma kupezeka kwawo kungathe kuwononga moyo: nsikidzi imaluma itch kotero kuti tulo tating'onoting'ono sitingathe.
- Zamoyo zina zomwe zimakhala pa zomera zimatha kuwononga mbewu kapena kuziwononga kwambiri.
Kodi Nsikidzi Zingakuthandizeni?
Komabe, nsikidzi zitha kukhala zopindulitsa: zimawononga tizirombo tina, motero zimagwira ntchito yadongosolo. Mitundu yothandiza kwa anthu ndi zomera takambirana kale pamwambapa.
Nsikidzi m'munda ndi m'munda
Kulimbana ndi tizirombo m'munda, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ndi wowerengeka azitsamba. Mankhwala othandiza polimbana ndi nsikidzi:
- chlorophos;
- phosphamide;
- wosewera;
- karbofos.
Njira zolimbana ndi anthu sizothandiza ngati mankhwala, koma ndizotetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama.
Pali maphikidwe awa:
- anyezi peel. 200-300 gr. anyezi peel kutsanulira 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha ndi kusiya kwa masiku 3-5, ndiye kupsyinjika. Ndi yankho lake, samalirani malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi nsikidzi.
- Tincture wa zitsamba onunkhira. Pangani decoction wa cloves, tsabola otentha ndi chowawa. Kusamalira mbewu ndi chifukwa madzi.
- Natural Repellers. Bzalani nkhandwe, cohosh yakuda mozungulira malowo - mbewu zotere zimathamangitsa nsikidzi.
Momwe mungachotsere alendo osaitanidwa m'nyumba
Monga tanenera kale, njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi nsikidzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilomboKomabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikuli kotetezeka nthawi zonse.
Malangizo athunthu ochotsera nsikidzi m'nyumba ndi pabwalo - kugwirizana.
Zosangalatsa Zokhudza Nsikidzi
Nsikidzi ndi tizilombo tonyansa zomwe, poyang'ana koyamba, sizingakhale nazo chidwi. Komabe, pali mfundo zina zosangalatsa zogwirizana nawo:
- Ku Thailand, nsikidzi zazikulu zamadzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chambiri.
- Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa tizilombo kumapezeka m'zaka za 400 AD. BC. Aristotle ankakhulupirira kuti mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda a m’makutu komanso kuchepetsa zotsatira za kulumidwa ndi njoka.
- Kachilombo kamadzi ka Micronecta scholtzi amatha kupanga phokoso lomwe lingafanane ndi phokoso la phokoso la locomotive yothamanga - amuna omwe ali ndi phokoso lotere amakwapula mbolo yawo m'mbali kuti akope amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Komabe, munthu samamva phokosoli, popeza kachilomboka kamachita izi pansi pamadzi.
- Acanthaspis petax ndi mtundu wa nsikidzi zomwe zimatha kudziteteza kwa adani achilengedwe mwanjira yodabwitsa: zimapha nyerere zazikulu ndikuyika zikopa zawo pamsana. Akangaude, omwe nawonso amaukira nsikidzi, sangathe kuzizindikira mobisala choncho n’kuzilambalala.