Gulugufe amawononga mizinda yonse

Mgodi wa masamba a chestnut ndiye tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'modzi mwa zomera zodziwika bwino m'mapaki akumidzi kumayiko aku Europe, mgoza wa akavalo. Mgodi wa Ohrid amawononga masamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kosasinthika kubzala. Kufunika kolimbana nako kumakhala kovuta kwambiri chaka chilichonse.

Kodi njenjete ya chestnut imawoneka bwanji (chithunzi)

Kufotokozera ndi maonekedwe

dzina: Chestnut njenjete, Ohrid miner
Zaka.: Cameraria ohridella

Maphunziro: Tizilombo - Tizilombo
Gulu: Lepidoptera - Lepidoptera
Banja: njenjete - Gracillaridae

	Malo okhala:	munda
	Zowopsa kwa:	ma chestnuts
	Njira zowonongera:	anthu njira, mankhwala

Chestnut njenjete.

Mgodi wamkulu wa Ohrid amaoneka ngati gulugufe wamng'ono - kutalika kwa thupi - 7 mm, mapiko - mpaka 10 mm. Thupi ndi lofiirira, mapiko akutsogolo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owala a motley ndi mizere yoyera pamtunda wofiyira, mapiko akumbuyo ndi imvi.

Miyendo yoyera imakongoletsedwa ndi madontho akuda. Kachilomboka ankatchedwa kuti mgodi chifukwa ankatha kuyala ndime (migodi) m’masamba.

Asayansi a njenjete za migodi ya Chestnut amatchula za banja la agulugufe, omwe ndi agulugufe omwe amatha kulowa m'dera la mitundu ina.

Kuzungulira kwachitukuko kwa tizilombo kumakhala ndi zaka ziwiri zogwira ntchito, pamene mbozi zomwe zatuluka mazira zimatha kuwononga madera akuluakulu a mitengo. Kenako 3-4 zaka bata.

Mayendedwe amoyo

Pamoyo wake, mole imadutsa magawo anayi amoyo:

Kuwonongeka kwa njenjete zamigodi

Tizilomboti timaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yankhanza kwambiri ya njenjete, yomwe imawononga masamba pamitengo mwachangu.

Moth kuonongeka chestnuts.

M'nyengo yozizira, akazi a Ohrid miner amatha kupereka ana atatu. Pamene mbozi ya chestnut moth imakula m'magawo a migodi, kuchuluka kwa zomera zomwe zimatenga kumawonjezeka. Pamasamba, kuwonongeka kumawonekera kale pa gawo la 3-4 lachitukuko.

Masamba amasamba, omwe amadyedwa ndi mbozi, amakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, amayamba kuuma ndikugwa. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa masamba, mitengo ilibe nthawi yosonkhanitsa zakudya m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo ya mgoza ikhale yozizira kwambiri kapena kuunika kwa nthambi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira.

M'chaka, masamba samaphuka pamitengo yotere, kubzala kofooka kumakhala kosavuta kugwidwa ndi tizirombo tina (tizilombo, bowa, ndi zina). Komanso, njenjete ya chestnut miner imakhala ngati chonyamulira cha ma virus, zomwe zingawononge mitengo ndi zomera zina.

Misa kugonjetsedwa anadziwika ndi akatswiri mu greenhouses, kumene mbande obzalidwa kubzala m'mapaki.

M'mapaki a ku Ulaya (Germany, Poland ndi mayiko ena), chestnuts ndi mtundu waukulu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaki. Mitengo yowonongeka imasiya kukongoletsa kwake ndipo imafa pasanathe zaka zingapo.

Kuwonongeka kwachuma chifukwa cha zochita za njenjete za mgoza ndikusintha mitengo ndi mitundu ina yomwe imalimbana ndi tizirombo ndikuyerekeza ndi akatswiri a likulu la Germany Berlin pa 300 miliyoni mayuro.

Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mgodi wa mgoza

Zomera zazikulu zomwe zimatha kugwidwa ndi njenjete za mgoza ndi mgoza wa akavalo wamaluwa oyera (a ku Japan komanso ofala). Komabe, mitundu ina ya chestnuts (Chinese, Indian, California, etc.) sizikopa agulugufe, chifukwa pa masamba awo, mbozi kufa kale pa gawo loyamba la chitukuko.

Komanso, njenjete za chestnut zimawononga mitundu ina ya zomera, zobzalidwa m'nyumba zachilimwe komanso m'mapaki atawuni:

• mapulo okongoletsera (woyera ndi holly);
• mphesa za atsikana;
• zitsamba (roses, holly, rhododendron).

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka ndi kupewa

M'minda yapanyumba, eni ake ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimathandizira kuteteza mazira a chestnut leafminer ndikuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo.

Pofuna kupewa kuberekana kwa tizirombo, njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• kukulunga makungwa a mitengo ndi malamba a guluu kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe cha agulugufe;
• kupachika tepi yomatira kapena mbale zachikasu pamtunda wa korona, wopakidwa kwambiri ndi guluu wa Pestifix - izi zimathandiza kugwira njenjete m'chilimwe;
• kukolola masamba akugwa m'dzinja, momwe ma pupae ndi agulugufe amabisala m'nyengo yozizira;
• Kuchiza mitengo ikuluikulu ndi kukonzekera kophera tizilombo kuti tiwononge tizirombo tomwe tatsekeredwa pansi pa khungwa pokonzekera nyengo yozizira;
• kukumba mozama kwa dothi pafupi ndi tsinde la chestnuts pamtunda wa mainchesi a korona osachepera 1,5.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi njenjete ya migodi ya chestnut

Pali njira zingapo zothanirana ndi mgodi wa Ohrid: anthu, mankhwala, zachilengedwe ndi makina.

Mankhwala a anthu

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Njira yachiwerengero yomwe imapatula kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikusamalira minda yamchere pagawo loyamba, pamene agulugufe akuwuluka mozungulira mitengo akuyamba kuikira mazira (ku Russia izi zimachitika mu Meyi).

Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira ya Liposam bioadhesive, sopo wobiriwira ndi madzi. Madziwo amawapopera pamitengo ndi nthambi za mitengo, komanso dothi lozungulira pafupi ndi tsinde lalikulu la mainchesi a korona 1,5-2. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuti tizilombo tisamawononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwirizanitsa mapiko awo. Njira yothetsera ikafika, gulugufe amathamangira masamba kapena thunthu ndi kufa.

Mankhwala

Njira yamankhwala imakhala ndi 2-3 chithandizo chimodzi chamitengo ndi njira:

• mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Aktara, Karate, Calypso, Kinmiks, etc.), komwe zinthu zogwira ntchito za Agro-surfactant zimawonjezedwa;
• kukhudzana-matumbo tizirombo (Aktelik, Decis, Inta-vir, Karbofos, etc.) ndi kuwonjezera kwa Agro-surfactant.

Kuchiza ndi mankhwala tikulimbikitsidwa popopera mbewu mankhwalawa masamba a mgoza ndi nthaka pansi pa mitengo milungu iwiri iliyonse munyengo yonseyo, mosinthana zokonzekera. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zachilengedwe

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi biologically amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yonse ya masika ndi chilimwe. Pokonza, larvicides, ovicides, Bitobaxibacelin, Dimilin, Insegar (chitin synthesis inhibitors) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi mankhwala kukhudzana kanthu ziletsa mapangidwe chitinous nembanemba, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa ya tizirombo pa mphutsi siteji.

Njira yamakina yotetezera imakhala yochiza akorona amitengo ndi ndege yamphamvu yamadzi kuchokera ku payipi, yomwe imalola tizilombo togwetsa pansi m'nyengo yachilimwe.

Gulugufe wa migodi alinso ndi adani achilengedwe - awa ndi mitundu yopitilira 20 ya mbalame zomwe zimapezeka ku Europe. Iwo mwachangu kudya mbozi ndi tizilombo pupae. Amadyanso mphutsi za njenjete ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo (nyerere, mavu, akangaude, ndi zina zotero).

njenjete ya mgodi wa mgoza ndi tizilombo toopsa tomwe titha kufa kwa mitengo. Kuopsa kwake ndi kwakukulu chifukwa matenda pa chomera amatha kudziwika pamene sangathenso kuchiritsidwa. Ndipo kuthamanga kwa kufalikira kwa njenjete m'maiko aku Europe kukuwonetsa kufunika kochitapo kanthu mwachangu kupulumutsa zobzala zokongoletsa m'mapaki ndi minda ya anthu.