Mavu Papepala: Katswiri Wodabwitsa Wa Civil
Akakumana ndi mavu, monyanyira amawonedwa, mwina amawuluka ndi gulu kapena okha. Umu ndi momwe mavu amasiyanitsira - pali mitundu yokhayokha kapena yamagulu. Omalizawa akuphatikizapo mavu a pepala, omwe adalandira dzina lawo kuti agwiritse ntchito zinthu zofanana.
Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera zambiri za mavu a pepala
Mayi wa mavu.
Mitundu ya mavu ochezera anthu amatchedwa mavu amapepala. Pali mitundu yoposa 1000 ya tizilomboti, koma m’gawo la Russian Federation muli mitundu pafupifupi 30. Amakhala m’banja limene anthu onse ali ndi udindo winawake, kuyambira kumanga nyumba mpaka kulera ana.
Ali ndi chiberekeroamene amaikira mazira m’zisa, amatengedwa ngati mfumukazi. Iye mwini amamanga chisa choyamba ndikulera ana oyamba a anthu ogwira ntchito. Amapitiriza kudyetsa mphutsi ndi kulera ana.
Maonekedwe ndi zakudya
Maonekedwe a mtundu uwu wa mavu ndi ofanana ndi onse abale ena. Ichi ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali ndi chiuno chopyapyala komanso mimba yakuda ndi yachikasu. Mphutsizi zimadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimabweretsa tikatafuna akuluakulu. Muzakudya:
- ntchentche;
- nyerere;
- mbozi;
- njuchi.
Akuluakulu amakonda kudya timadzi tokoma tamaluwa ndi madzi a zipatso. Ndipamene amasanduka tizilombo, chifukwa amatha kuwononga zakudya zomwe zimakoma kwa iwo.
Kubalana
Pakapita nthawi, tizilombo tochuluka timatha kuonekera pachisa kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi. Koma kwa mbali zambiri iwo sadzapulumuka kuzizira. M'dzinja, moyo ukakhazikika, amuna ndi akazi amawonekera. Zimauluka kuchokera pachisa ndi kukwatirana. Amuna amafa, ndipo zazikazi zimafunafuna malo osungiramo nyengo yozizira.
Chifukwa chiyani mavu amapepala
Chisa cha mavu a pepala.
Mawu oyambirira a dzina la mavu analandiridwa moyenerera. Zonse zimadalira njira yawo yopangira zisa. Amapanga mapepala awoawo. Zimachitika motere:
- mavu athyola mtengo;
- aupera kukhala ufa wosalala;
- wothira ndi malovu omata;
- amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachisa.
Misa ikauma, imakhala yotayirira, yofanana ndi pepala lotayirira. Zisa za uchi zimapangidwa mwachangu komanso molondola.
Nest design
Chisacho chimapangidwa ndi mkazi mmodzi yekha. Zimagwira ntchito mwadongosolo ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala malo abwino kwambiri othawirako mphutsi zazing'ono.
- Malo amasankhidwa ndipo ndodo yayikulu yoyambira imapangidwa.
- Maselo awiri amapangidwa m'mbali, omwe pamapeto pake amakhala maziko a mng'oma wonse.
- Mavu amakonza zisa za njuchizo mozungulira, moyandikana, ndipo zikamera, zimakhala pansi.
- Chigoba cha pepala lomwelo chimapangidwa mozungulira, ngati chikwa. Zimathandiza kusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi mkati.
Pomaliza
Mavu a pepala ndi mitundu yonse, yokhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya mavu. Iwo ali ndi mbali yofunika - ochenjera pomanga nyumba yawo. Nyama zochenjera zimagwiritsa ntchito luso lopanga mapepala mofanana ndi zomwe anthu amagwiritsabe ntchito masiku ano.
Poyamba