Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nandolo: momwe mungatetezere zobzala
Pakati pa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi kafadala, palinso amene amakonda kudya mbewu zina zokha. Ichi ndiye chowononga mbewu zambewu, nandolo. Chikumbu chimakonda mitundu ina ya nandolo.
Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera za kachilomboka
dzina: pea buluu
Zaka.: Bruchidius incarnatusMaphunziro: Tizilombo - Tizilombo
Gulu: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Banja: Caryopses - Bruchidae
Malo okhala: | minda, minda | |
Zowopsa kwa: | nyemba, makamaka nandolo | |
Njira zowonongera: | kufukiza, kukonza zinthu zobzala |
Kachikumbu ndi kachirombo kakang'ono komwe kamakonda kudya. Amadya nandolo zokha ndipo sakonda zomera zina. Wachikulire ndi kachikumbu wakuda wozungulira kwambiri wokhala ndi tsitsi lachikasu ndi loyera.
Pa nsonga ya mimba pali chitsanzo choyera cha mtanda. Ndi chitsanzo ichi chomwe chimasiyanitsa mitundu ya nandolo kuchokera kwa oimira ena a mbewu.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Mazirawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 1 mm, amber-chikasu mumtundu, oblong kapena oval pang'ono, nthawi zonse amakhala opapatiza pamapeto amodzi. Kumanga nthawi zambiri kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Amalandilidwa mazira pamwamba pa nyemba. Azimayi amawagoneka kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri. Nyemba imodzi imatha kukhala ndi mazira 35.
Kuchokera ku dzira mphutsi amapita nthawi yomweyo kukhoma kapena pakati pa nsawawa. Imakula msanga ndipo imadya pakati. Nthawi zina pamakhala mphutsi zingapo mu nandolo imodzi, koma nthawi zambiri imadya zotsalazo ndipo imodzi yokha imatsalira.
Kudya ndi kusintha kukhala pansi zimatha masiku 30. Nkhumba zimasanduka akuluakulu pasanathe masiku 14. Ndi kutentha kosakwanira, ana ena amatha kuzizira kwambiri m'derali, ndipo kuswa kwa akuluakulu kungayambe kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa.
Nthawi zambiri kafadala, amene anaonekera aswa mu kugwa, kugwera m'nkhokwe ndi yozizira kumeneko bwinobwino. Mphutsi, mphutsi ndi kafadala zimalekerera kutentha kochepa m'chilengedwe ndi kusunga. Koma nsabwe za nandolo zimasonyeza ntchito ya moyo yogwira pokhapokha kutentha kokhazikika.
Kufalitsa
Kumalo, kalulu wa nandolo amagawidwa kulikonse kumene mbewuyi imapezeka molingana ndi nyengo. Amabzalidwa ku North America, Africa, Europe ndi Asia.
Pa gawo la Russia m'madera onse a mbali za ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Pa gawo la USSR wakale, chiwembu amakhala:
- ku Ukraine;
- ku Moldavia;
- ku Caucasus;
- ku Georgia;
- Abkhazia;
- Tajikistan;
- Azerbaijan;
- Armenia.
Kuopsa kwa nandolo
Tizilombo timeneti timatha kufalikira pamasamba osiyanasiyana. Ndi iwo, iye amalowa mu nthaka kapena malo kumene mbewu zasungidwa.
Koma tizilombo kuwononga yekha nandolo. Mphutsi zimawononga maonekedwe ndi khalidwe la mbewu. Akuluakulu kafadala amadya zamkati, potero amawononga kumera.
Ziwalo zomwe zili ndi kachilombo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale kudyetsa ziweto. Chimbudzi chimakhala ndi alkaloid cantharidin, chinthu chakupha chomwe chimayambitsa poyizoni.
Njira zolimbana
Malinga ndi zikalata zoyendetsera, ndikofunikira kuyamba kulimbana ndi nsabwe za nandolo pamene zidutswa zoposa 10 za mphutsi kapena kafadala akuluakulu zimapezeka mu kilogalamu imodzi ya mbewu.
Pali njira zingapo zothandizira kuchotsa tizilombo.
Mankhwala
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu komanso zothandiza kwambiri zotetezera kubzala ndi nandolo posungira. Tchire amathandizidwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa komanso mu gawo la mapangidwe a tinyanga.
M'malo, pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa tirigu ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, fumigation, aeration ndi disinfection yonyowa imachitika. Aerosol disinfection kapena kuphatikiza njirazi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Ukadaulo waulimi
Kuchokera ku njira za agrotechnical ndikofunikira kusankha:
- mitundu yoyenera ya nandolo yomwe ili ndi chitetezo chokwanira;
- kuyeretsa koyambirira;
- kulima mozama;
- kuyeretsa malo opunthira;
- pamaso kusungirako kuyeretsa kwa malo ndi kulamulira kwathunthu.
Kukonzekera kukhazikika
Mbewu nandolo zimapha tizilombo tisanabzale. Ikani zikutanthauza kuti sizikhudza kumera. Njira yothetsera fumbi la hexachlorane ndiyoyenera. Pambuyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kuphimba ndi phula.
Chochitikacho chikhoza kuchitika mu kasupe ndi autumn. Mukachita izi musanatsike, ndiye kuti pafupifupi milungu 5-6 musanatsike. Mankhwalawa amayamba chifukwa cha poizoni, kenako ziwalo. Tizilombo sitifa nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kutenga mwezi umodzi.
Pomaliza
Pea weevil ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ikhoza kukhala pa nyemba zosiyanasiyana, koma imangodya nandolo. Kuchulukana kwa mbeu kungathe kumeza minda yonse ya nyemba zobzala ndi kulanda mbewu. Amamenya nkhondoyi pang'onopang'ono, pokonza zonse zosungirako ndikutera.
Poyamba