Mphutsi ya chipembere ndi wamkulu wokhala ndi nyanga pamutu pake
Dongosolo la Coleoptera limaonedwa kuti ndilosiyana kwambiri ndipo limakhala ndi malo otsogola potengera kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za boma, gulu ili la tizilombo lili ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokwana 390 zomwe tikukhala padziko lapansi pano, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi zolengedwa zapadera.
Zamkatimu
Chipembere kafadala: chithunzi
Chipembere ndi chiyani
dzina: wamba chipembere kachilomboka
Zaka.: Oryctes nasicornisMaphunziro: Tizilombo - Tizilombo
Gulu: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Banja: Lamellar - Scarabaeidae
 | Malo okhala: | kulikonse m'madera otentha |
 | Zowopsa kwa: | phindu, recycles zotsalira |
 | Njira zowonongera: | siziyenera kuwonongedwa |
Chipembere ndi chimodzi mwa ziwalo zodziwika bwino za banja la lamellar. Oimira amtunduwu ndi ovuta kusokoneza ndi aliyense, chifukwa iwo Chosiyanitsa chachikulu ndi kukula kopindika kwautali pamutu, komwe kumakumbutsa kwambiri mawonekedwe a nyanga ya chipembere. Ndi chifukwa cha mbali imeneyi kuti tizilombo ta mtundu uwu ankatchedwa rhinoceros kafadala.
Maonekedwe ndi thupi la chipembere kachilomboka
| Kukula kwa thupi ndi mawonekedwe | Thupi la chipembere chachikulire chikhoza kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 2,5-4,5. Mtunduwu umayendetsedwa ndi ma toni a bulauni ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala utoto wofiira. Pamwamba pamutu, pronotum, ndi elytra nthawi zonse zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a sheen. Maonekedwe a thupi ndi otambasuka, ndipo mbali yake ya kumtunda ndi yotambasuka. |
| Mutu | Mutu ndi waung'ono komanso wopangidwa ngati makona atatu. M'mbali muli tinyanga ndi maso. Antennae imakhala ndi magawo 10 ndipo imakhala ndi kalabu ya lamellar kumapeto, mawonekedwe a banja lawo. |
| nyanga yachikumbu | Pakatikati, m’mphuno ya mutu muli nyanga yokhota yaitali. Mbali iyi ya thupi imakula bwino mwa amuna okha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, samagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chotetezera kapena kumenyana pa nthawi yobereketsa, ndipo cholinga cha chiwalo chowala chotero sichidziwika. Ponena za zazikazi, kachubu kakang’ono kokha kamapezeka m’malo mwa nyanga. |
| Mapiko | Chipembere chili ndi mapiko okhwima bwino ndipo ngakhale ali ndi thupi lolemera, tizilombo timatha kuuluka bwino kwambiri. M'kati mwa kuyesa kwasayansi, zidatsimikiziridwa kuti amatha kupanga ndege mosalekeza pamtunda wa makilomita 50. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti, chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka thupi lawo ndi malamulo onse omwe alipo a aerodynamics, kachilomboka ka rhinoceros sayenera kuwuluka. |
| Paws | Miyendo ya chipembere ndi yamphamvu. Miyendo yakutsogolo idapangidwira kukumba ndipo ili ndi miyendo yayikulu, yosalala, komanso mano odziwika m'mphepete mwakunja. Tibiae yapakati ndi yapambuyo pake imakulitsidwanso pang'ono ndipo ili ndi mano. Pa zikhadabo zonse zitatu za miyendo, pali zikhadabo zazitali ndi zolimba. |
Mphutsi ya chipembere cha Rhinoceros
Mphutsi wakhanda wa rhinoceros beetle amangotalika masentimita 2-3, koma chifukwa cha zakudya zogwira ntchito, amakula mpaka kukula kwakukulu m'zaka zingapo. Pa nthawi ya kutha msinkhu, kutalika kwa thupi lake kumatha kufika 8-11 cm.
Moyo wa chipembere cha Rhinoceros
Akuluakulu a kachilomboka samakhala nthawi yayitali - kuyambira miyezi iwiri mpaka 2. Mu nyengo zosiyanasiyana, kuthawa kwawo kumachitika kumapeto kwa kasupe, kapena pakati pa chilimwe.
Ntchito yayikulu ya imago ndikusiya ana.
Chipembere chachikazi.
Asayansi ena amanena kuti tizilombo pa siteji iyi si kudyetsa, koma ntchito nkhokwe anasonkhanitsa mu siteji mphutsi.
Zikumbu zimagwira ntchito madzulo ndi usiku. Nthawi zina, "zipembere", monga tizilombo tina tausiku, zimawulukira komwe kuli kuwala kowala. Masana, kakumbuyo kaŵirikaŵiri amabisala m’mitengo yopanda dzenje kapena dothi la pamwamba.
Zikangokwerana ndi kuikira mazira, zipembere zazikulu zimafa. Tizilombo timasiya malo awo oikira mazira pafupi ndi chakudya choyenera:
- zitsa zowola;
- milu ya manyowa;
- maenje a kompositi;
- utuchi;
- makungwa a mitengo owola;
- dzenje.
Zakudya za mphutsi makamaka zimaphatikizapo zotsalira zowola za mitengo, zitsamba ndi zomera za herbaceous. Nthawi zina amatha kusintha kukhala mizu yamoyo, chifukwa chake amawononga mbewu zotere:
- maluwa;
- mapichesi;
- mphesa;
- ma apricots.
Malo ogawa
Mtundu wa rhinoceros kafadala umakhudza mbali zambiri za kum'maŵa kwa dziko lapansi. Oimira zamtunduwu angapezeke m'madera ndi mayiko awa:
- Central ndi Southern Europe;
- Kumpoto kwa Africa;
- Asia Minor ndi Central Asia;
- Kumpoto kwa Turkey;
- Njira yapakati;
- Madera akumwera kwa Russia;
- Western Siberia;
- Madera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa China ndi India;
- Kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan.
Kwa moyo wa kafadala amtunduwu, zikhalidwe za British Isles zokha, madera a kumpoto kwa Russia, Iceland ndi mayiko a Scandinavia zinakhala zosayenera.
Habitat
Poyamba, "zipembere" zinkakhala m'nkhalango zotakasuka, koma chifukwa cha kusintha komwe kukuchitika padziko lapansi, adayenera kupitirira malo awo omwe amakhalapo nthawi zonse. Pakalipano, kachilomboka kamapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana komanso pafupi ndi anthu.
Malo abwino:
- zotchingira mphepo;
- steppe;
- theka-zipululu;
- taiga.
Pafupi ndi anthu:
- greenhouses;
- greenhouses;
- milu ya manyowa;
- maenje a kompositi.
Mtengo wa kachilomboka m'chilengedwe
Chikumbu chili ndi nyanga pamutu.
Mphutsi za chipembere sizimadya mbali zina za zomera zamoyo ndipo zimatero pokhapokha ngati palibe chakudya china. Choncho, iwo si tizirombo ndi kuwononga nakulitsa zomera ndi akutali milandu. Sayansi sadziwa pang'ono za zakudya za akuluakulu, choncho samatengedwa ngati tizilombo towononga mbewu kapena mitengo ya zipatso.
Imago ndi mphutsi za rhinoceros kachilomboka zimakhala ndi malo ofunikira pazakudya komanso m'gulu zakudya ang'onoang'ono adani, monga:
- mbalame
- amphibians;
- zoyamwitsa zazing'ono;
- zokwawa.
Mphutsi za mtundu umenewu zimapindulanso mwa kudya nkhuni zakufa ndi zinyalala za zomera zina. Chifukwa chake, amafulumizitsa kwambiri njira ya kuwonongeka kwawo.
Chitetezo cha rhinoceros kafadala
Chipembere cha Rhinoceros.
Oimira zamoyozi ndi ofala kwambiri ndipo adazolowera moyo kunja kwa chilengedwe chawo. Koma chiŵerengero chawo chikuchepa pang’onopang’ono ndipo makamaka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu.
Chaka chilichonse anthu amadula mitengo yambirimbiri ndipo, choyamba, zomera zakale ndi matenda zomwe zimayamba kufa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kuchuluka kwa nkhuni zowola, zomwe ndi chakudya cha mphutsi za chipembere, zimachepa chaka chilichonse.
Pakadali pano, kachilomboka kakutetezedwa m'maiko otsatirawa:
- Chicheki;
- Slovakia;
- Poland
- Moldova.
Ku Russia, mtundu uwu wa kachilomboka udalembedwanso mu Red Books m'madera awa:
- Chigawo cha Astrakhan;
- Republic of Karelia;
- Republic of Mordovia;
- Chigawo cha Saratov;
- Stavropol dera;
- Chigawo cha Vladimir;
- Kaluga dera;
- Chigawo cha Kostroma;
- Lipetsk dera;
- Republic of Dagestan;
- Chechen Republic;
- Republic of Khakassia.
Zochititsa chidwi za rhinoceros kafadala
Ngakhale kuti imafalitsidwa kwambiri, zamoyozi sizikudziwikabe. Pali zinthu zingapo za chipembere zomwe zimadabwitsa ngakhale asayansi.
Zipembere ndi zazikulu, tizilombo tochuluka ndipo kukula kwa mapiko awo ndi aang'ono kwambiri kwa thupi lolemera chotero. Palibe lamulo limodzi lamakono la aerodynamics lomwe lingafotokoze njira ndi mfundo zomwe kafadalawa amawulukira.
Mothandizidwa ndi cheza cha ultraviolet, elytra ya rhinoceros kafadala imakhala ndi mphamvu za semiconductor, ndipo tsitsi la thupi lake likhoza kudziunjikira mphamvu ya electrostatic. Ngati chipembere chowuluka chagunda munthu madzulo, wovulalayo angamve kugwidwa ndi magetsi pang’ono.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka rhinoceros, pazifukwa zosadziwika, zalandira "chinsinsi" ndi "chogwiritsa ntchito", kotero palibe zambiri zatsatanetsatane za oimira mitundu iyi pagulu.
Pomaliza
Zipembere ndi zolengedwa zapadera ndipo zambiri mwazinthu zawo, ngakhale kuti zimakhala zazikulu, sizikudziwikabe. Mfundo yakuti chiwerengero cha oimira zamtunduwu chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono chimawonjezera kufunika kwake kwambiri, chifukwa kachilombo ka rhinoceros sikuti ndi chinsinsi chosadziwika cha asayansi, komanso ndondomeko yeniyeni ya nkhalango.
Poyamba