Mapu a nkhupakupa, Russia: mndandanda wa madera olamulidwa ndi encephalitis "bloodsuckers"

Wolemba nkhaniyi
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Chaka chilichonse, anthu oposa XNUMX m’dziko muno amadwala matenda opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Koma zimadziwika kuti si nkhupakupa iliyonse yomwe imanyamula matenda oopsa. Koma pali madera omwe mwayi wotenga kachilomboka ukalumidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kugawa nkhupakupa ku Russia ngati mukufuna kupita kuntchito kapena paulendo wamalonda, kudera lomwe pali milandu yambiri yolumidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. N'zotheka kupewa matenda a encephalitis, pokhala m'madera omwe nkhupakupa za encephalitis zimafalikira, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zodzitetezera kapena katemera pasadakhale.

Kodi tick-borne virus encephalitis ndi chiyani

The owopsa tizilombo matenda opatsirana kudzera kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa ixodid, zimakhudza ubongo kapena msana ndipo zingachititse kulumala ngakhale imfa. Zonyamula matenda kuchokera ku chiweto chodwala kapena munthu ndi nkhupakupa, nthawi zina anthu amatha kutenga kachilomboka pomwa mkaka wosaphika wa mbuzi kapena ng'ombe za encephalitis.
The makulitsidwe nthawi pambuyo kulumidwa ukhoza kwa masiku angapo masabata awiri. Pa gawo loyamba la matenda, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zingaoneke: malungo, kuledzera, kupweteka kwa mfundo ndi minofu, nseru, kusanza, kusowa chilakolako cha kudya, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kutupa mwanabele, tachycardia, chizungulire.
Mu gawo lachiwiri, lomwe limapezeka mu 20-30% mwa omwe ali ndi matenda a encephalitis, dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha limakhudzidwa. Nthawi zina, matendawa amakhala aakulu, ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala nthawi yowonjezereka. Munthu yemwe wakhala ndi encephalitis amakhalabe kukana kwa moyo wonse ku matendawa ndipo kutenga kachilomboka sikungatheke.

Koma kuwonjezera pa encephalitis, ndi kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, mutha kutenga matenda ena owopsa:

  • Q fever;
  • borreliosis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa;
  • granulocytic anaplasmosis;
  • typhus ku Siberia wofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa;
  • tularemia;
  • babesiosis.
Kumene amagawidwa
Pafupifupi ku Russia pali nkhupakupa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi encephalitis. Kwenikweni, matendawa amatengedwa ndi taiga kapena nkhupakupa zakutchire zaku Europe. Amakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango za steppes m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yabwino. Zambiri za kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa za encephalitis nthawi zambiri zimachokera kumadera otsatirawa: Ural, West Siberian, East Siberian, Far East, kuchokera kumadera a Yaroslavl ndi Tver.
Zimafalikira bwanji
Encephalitis ikhoza kutengedwa kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwa kulumidwa. Nkhupakupa zimagwira ntchito makamaka m'nyengo yofunda, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, m'chilimwe, nthawi yotentha, ntchito yawo imachepa, ndipo mu Seputembala-Oktoba, imayambiranso. Kachilomboka kakagwira nyamayo, imafufuza malo abwino pakhungu pomwe imatha kukakamira. Pamutu wa nkhupakupa pali proboscis, ndipo pamapeto pake pali pakamwa, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zimaluma pakhungu ndi timitengo. Malovu a nkhupakupa amakhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera ululu, ndipo munthuyo samva kuwawa akalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Ndi malovu, kachilombo ka encephalitis kamalowa m'magazi.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe
Zizindikiro zoyamba zitha kuwoneka patatha masiku angapo, koma nthawiyi imatha mpaka masiku 14, pomwe zizindikiro zoyamba zimawonekera mutatha kuluma. Izi ndi kutentha kwa thupi, kupweteka kwa mutu, kufooka, nseru, kusowa kwa njala. Ngati zizindikiro zotere zikuwonekera pambuyo pa kuluma nkhupakupa, chithandizo chiyenera kuyambika.
mankhwala
Akadwala encephalitis tizilombo, wodwalayo amakhudzidwa ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo ndi mankhwala kumachitika m'chipatala. Chithandizo ndi corticosteroids. Woopsa milandu, tracheal intubation ikuchitika, kenako ndi yokumba mpweya mpweya wa m`mapapo. Madokotala aku Russia amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa immunoglobulin kuti achepetse kutentha kwa thupi komanso kuchepetsa mutu. Ndi matendawa, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kupumula kwa bedi komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi encephalitis amafuna kuyambika kwa mavitamini B ndi C kuti alimbikitse adrenal glands ndi chiwindi.

Peak tick nyengo

Kutalika kwa nthawi ya nkhupakupa kumadalira kuchuluka kwa masiku otentha. Kumadera akummwera kwa dzikolo, imayamba mu February-March, m’madera amene masika amabwera pambuyo pake, April-May, ndipo nthawi imeneyi nthawi zambiri imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa June. M'dzinja, ntchito ya nkhupakupa imagwera pa September-October.

Kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino kwambiri kwa nkhupakupa ndi madigiri +20 ndi chinyezi ndi 55-80%, panthawiyi pamakhala maonekedwe akuluakulu a tizilombo.

Kodi nthata za encephalitis zimapezeka kuti?

Nkhupakupa zimakhala m'nkhalango za ku Ulaya ndi ku Asia za dzikolo. Zonyamula encephalitis ndi nkhupakupa zaku Europe ndi taiga. Amakonda malo onyowa bwino m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanizika, zophimbidwa ndi udzu wandiweyani.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala paudzu, pafupi ndi njira ndi njira zomwe anthu ndi nyama zimayenda. Ngakhale nkhupakupa zilibe maso, zimazindikira nyama zomwe zimadya ndi kununkhiza, kumamatira ku zovala, kukwawa pansi pake ndikukumba pakhungu.

Kuluma kwa nkhupakupa kumalepheretsa mkazi wa Ufa bizinesi, mwamuna ndi mwana wake

Mapu a kugawidwa kwa nkhupakupa za encephalitis ku Russia

Pali chiopsezo cha encephalitis m'madera onse kumene nkhupakupa za ixodid zimapezeka. M'madera omwe chiopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi chachikulu, anthu am'deralo amapatsidwa katemera. Deta pazigawo, madera omwe amawonedwa ngati madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha mliri.

Chigawo ChapakatiTver ndi Yaroslavl zigawo.
Northwestern Federal DistrictRepublic of Karelia. Leningrad dera ndi St.
Zigawo za Southern ndi North Caucasian FederalChigawo cha Krasnodar.
Volga Federal DistrictRepublic of Bashkortostan, Perm Territory, Kirov ndi Nizhny Novgorod zigawo.
Chigawo cha Ural federalChelyabinsk, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk zigawo.
Siberia Federal DistrictTomsk, Novosibirsk ndi Irkutsk zigawo.
Far Eastern Federal DistrictKhabarovsk Territory ndi Primorsky Territory.
Madera oopsa kwambiriNgakhale mapu a kugawidwa kwa nkhupakupa za encephalitis amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, Karelia, dera la Volga, Central District, North-West dera ndi Far East amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa kwambiri.

Momwe mungadzitetezere ku nkhupakupa

Kusamalira gawolo kuchokera ku nkhupakupa ndi njira yofunika kuteteza anthu ndi nyama ku matenda owopsa omwe amanyamula.

Poyenda m'madera omwe nkhupakupa za encephalitis zimakhala, muyenera kuvala nsapato zotsekedwa ndi zovala, chipewa kuti nkhupakupa zisamafike pakhungu. Dziyeseni nokha mphindi 15-20 ndikugwedeza nkhupakupa ngati kuli kofunikira. Mukhoza kuchiza zovala ndi zida zapadera zotetezera mankhwala.

Zovala ndi njira zapadera - chitetezo ku nkhupakupa.

Territory processing

Chithandizo cha acaricidal chimachitika pamalo otseguka m'malo momwe nkhupakupa zimalumidwa. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito zimadalira kukula kwa gawo, nyengo ndi malo aderalo.

Njira zachilengedwe ndi mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchitoyi. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, ndipo amagwira ntchito yawo mwaluso, kuyang'anira chitetezo. Kutalika kwa chithandizo ndi miyezi 1-2, ndipo ngati nkhupakupa zibwere mobwerezabwereza, mankhwalawa amachitidwanso.

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