Kodi nkhupakupa imawoneka bwanji: zithunzi za nkhupakupa zowopsa zomwe zimanyamula matenda oopsa

Wolemba nkhaniyi

251 mawonedwe

8 min. za kuwerenga

Palibe munthu wotero yemwe sanakumanepo ndi nkhupakupa. Wina adakumana ndi tiziromboti m'dambo, ena amachitira ziweto za demodicosis, ndipo wina adakhala ndi mphere. Zonsezi ndi zotsatira za tizilombo totchedwa nthata. Momwe nkhupakupa imawonekera, chithunzi ndi kufotokozera zamitundu yayikulu, imatha kuteteza anthu ndi nyama.

Zamkatimu

Kufotokozera za nkhupakupa
Mitundu ya nkhupakupa
Zosangalatsa za nkhupakupa

Kufotokozera za nkhupakupa

Nkhupakupa ndi arthropod, yomwe ndi ya arachnids. Pali mitundu yopitilira 54 yamitundu yawo, kotero mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi za oimira osiyanasiyana ndizosiyana. Koma mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana.

Chithunzi cha nkhupakupa wanjala komanso wodyetsedwa bwino.

Kapangidwe ka nkhupakupa

Arthropods amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, kutengera kapangidwe kake. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi thupi:

mutu wosakanikirana ndi chifuwa, mitundu imatchedwa yachikopa;
yokhala ndi mutu wosunthika ku thupi, koma ndi chipolopolo chowundana. Iwo amatchedwa zida zankhondo.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhala kuchokera ku 0,08 mm mpaka 4 mm kukula. Palibe oimira omwe ali ndi mapiko ndipo sangathe kulumpha.

Kuwona, kukhudza ndi zakudya

Nkhupakupa zilibe ziwalo zopenya monga choncho, zilibe maso. Koma chifukwa cha ziwalo zawo zamaganizo, ndi alenje abwino. Chida chapakamwa chimakhala ndi chelicerae ndi pedipalps. Woyamba amatumikira pogaya chakudya, ndipo chachiwiri - kudandaula.

Kukhala nyama ya nkhupakupa?

Inde, zinachitika Ayi, mwamwayi

Mtundu wa chakudya

Nkhupakupa zimatha kukhala zamitundu iwiri kutengera zomwe amakonda: saprophages ndi adani.

A mbali ya kalasi imeneyi ndi apamwamba kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe mikhalidwe imene amakhala.

Saprophages amadya kuyamwa kwa zomera, zotsalira za organic, mafuta, zidutswa za fumbi, khungu lakufa la munthu.

Zilombo zimakonda magazi, zimatha kupha anthu ndi nyama. Kulekerera njala mosavuta ndikukhala ndi moyo wapamwamba.

Kubala ndi kuzungulira kwa moyo

Pakati pa nkhupakupa, palibe aliyense amene angathe kubadwa ali moyo. Ambiri a iwo amadutsa mkombero wamoyo wonse.

Chongani mkombero wa chitukuko

Ndikosavuta kutsata momwe moyo umakhalira pa zitsanzo za mitundu yolusa ya nkhupakupa.

Kuti mayi aikire mazira, ayenera kukhuta. Kuti achite izi, amadya magazi kwa masiku 8-10. Munthu mmodzi amatha kuikira mazira 2,5 zikwi. Nthawi yomwe mphutsi zimawonekera kuchokera ku mazira ndizosiyana pa mtundu uliwonse.

Mphutsizi ndi zazing'ono, ngati mbewu ya poppy, zimakhala ndi miyendo itatu, ndipo zimakhala zofanana ndi zamagulu akuluakulu. Ndi olimbikira, amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali kapena m'malo osayenera.

Njira yosinthira mphutsi kukhala nymph imachitika nyama yolusa itatha masiku 5-6. Nymph ili ndi miyendo 4 ndipo ndi yayikulu. Panthawi imeneyi, nkhupakupa zimavulaza mofanana ndi akuluakulu.

Pazifukwa zovuta, m'nyengo yozizira kapena chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya, nymph imatha kukhala m'malo omwewo kwa nthawi yayitali, isanasinthe kukhala wamkulu. Kutalika kwa moyo kumasiyana malinga ndi mitundu ya nkhupakupa, malo okhala ndi zakudya zokwanira.

Mitundu ya nkhupakupa

Mitundu yambiri ya nkhupakupa sinaphunzire nkomwe. Amagawidwa paliponse komanso m'malo onse a biosphere. Sikuti onse ndi tizirombo, koma pali oimira owopsa.

nkhupakupa za ixodid

Nkhupakupa za Ixodid ndi zolusa komanso zowononga, ndizowopsa kwa anthu ndi ziweto. Mwachilengedwe, pali oimira 650 amtunduwu, omwe amapezeka paliponse. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ngakhale ku Antarctica kuli nkhupakupa za ixodid zomwe zimasokoneza ma penguin. Matupi a nkhupakupa zamtunduwu amagawanika bwino m'mimba ndi cephalothorax, chipolopolo cholimba chimakutidwa ndi chitinous wosanjikiza. Mapangidwe a ziwalo zawo zapakamwa amafanana ndi mtundu wa chakudya: proboscis imakhala ndi nsagwada zapamwamba ndi zapansi zomwe zimadula khungu. Ma tentacles amathandiza kuti apeze wozunzidwayo, ndiye chiwalo chokhudza. Kukula kwa tizilombo kumatha kukhala kuchokera ku 2,5 mm mpaka 4 mm, komabe, ikadzaza ndi magazi, mimba ya anthuwa imawonjezeka ndi 2,5 nthawi. Oimira awa ndi onyamula matenda angapo oopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama.

Argas nthata

Argas nthata zimawopsezanso ziweto, komanso ng'ombe ndi anthu. Amaluma mopweteka, mamembala ambiri amtunduwu amakhala ndi malovu oopsa omwe amayambitsa kuyabwa kowopsa ndi kuwawa, kulowa m'magazi akalumidwa. Majeremusi amakhala ndi moyo wautali, ngakhale anjala amatha kukhalapo kwa zaka 8-10. Oimira akhoza kukhala ang'onoang'ono 3 millimeters kapena chidwi kwambiri - masentimita 3. Kawirikawiri amakhala achikasu, imvi kapena bulauni, akakhuta, matupi amakhala oderapo kapena ofiirira. Zosiyanitsa zamtunduwu ndi kugonana kwa dimorphism - wamwamuna ndi wocheperako kuposa wamkazi, mwina kangapo. Kuphatikiza pa kukhalira limodzi pafupi ndi anthu, amakonda kwambiri zisa za mbalame zawo, amakhalanso ofala m'ming'alu ndi m'nyumba pazolinga zosiyanasiyana. Amakonda mapanga ndi miyala yosiyana siyana.

Nkhumba za zipolopolo

Nthata za zipolopolo sizowopsa kwa anthu ndi ziweto. Ambiri a iwo amakhala pamwamba pa nthaka, koma ena amakhalanso m’mitengo. Mitundu yokhala ndi zida zankhondo imadya zotsalira zosiyanasiyana za zinthu zachilengedwe, kudya zovunda, ndere kapena bowa. Amasaka ndi mbalame zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndi adani awo achilengedwe. Arachnids akhoza kukhala onyamulira helminths, ngakhale tapeworms, kotero nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala owopsa kwa mbalame zomwezo. Malinga ndi dzinali, ali ndi chipolopolo cholimba cholimba, chomwe, chikakhutitsidwa, komanso, monga zamoyo zina, chimatupa.

Gamazov nthata

Gamasid nthata ndi mitundu yolemera kwambiri, pali mitundu yoposa 6000. Kutengera subspecies, kukula kwake kungakhale kuchokera 0,2 mpaka 2,5 mm. Matupi awo ndi oval, ofiirira pang'ono kapena oyera. Pakati pa oimira angakhale omnivorous zolusa ndi parasitic anthu. Koposa zonse amaika chiwopsezo ku zinyama. Zitha kufalikira mu zisa, ming'oma, ming'oma, nthaka ndi ziweto. Pakati pa gamasid arachnids, palinso zoopsa kwa anthu omwe amaluma mopweteka komanso kunyamula matenda osiyanasiyana.

Subcutaneous mite

Oimira subcutaneous nthata ndi nthawi zonse mabwenzi a munthu, pang'ono pang'ono iwo nthawizonse amakhala pakhungu ndipo amathandiza kuti yachibadwa ntchito katulutsidwe. Pamene kukhalapo kwa subcutaneous nthata ndi wamkulu kuposa m'badwo, iwo mwachangu kuchulukitsa, kukhala pansi pa khungu la munthu ndi kubweretsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavuto: kuyabwa, kuyabwa ndi kusapeza. Vuto lofala kwambiri lomwe munthu angakumane nalo ndi demodicosis, ziphuphu zakumaso komanso ziwengo. Tiziromboti totere timachulukana mofulumira. Ngakhale zazikazi zimakhala kwa masiku pafupifupi 90, aliyense wa iwo panthawiyi amatha kuikira mazira 100, omwe nthata zowoneka bwino zimawonekera m'masiku ochepa.

Mphere

Mtundu wa arachnid womwe umayambitsa mphere. Iwo akhoza parasitize nyama ndi anthu. M'kati mwa moyo, iwo amapanga micro-mabowo pakhungu la anthu ndi nyama, ndime awo, amene kuyabwa ndi chotupa. Mphutsi zomwe zimawoneka kuchokera ku mazira a itch zimadya magazi, chifukwa cha kuyabwa kwakukulu, matenda nthawi zambiri amalowetsedwa m'mabala. Microspoky arachnids kunja kwa thupi la munthu sasinthidwa kukhala moyo.

Nkhutu za m'makutu

Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timeneti timakhala mwa amphaka ndi agalu omwe amakhala m'makutu. Amachulukana mofulumira ndipo ambiri amaphimba ma auricles mkati, kumayambitsa kusakaniza mwamphamvu, mpaka mabala ndi kutupa. Kwa anthu, mtundu uwu siwowopsa.

fumbi nthata

Amatchedwanso nsalu kapena bedi pazokonda zawo m'malo okhala. Amadya zotsalira za khungu la munthu, fumbi, nthenga. Malo omwe amawakonda kwambiri ndi mipando yokhala ndi upholstered, zofunda, matiresi, mapilo, zoseweretsa zofewa ndi mabedi a ziweto. Kuluma kwa nkhupakupa ting’onoting’onozi n’kosaonekera, koma kumawononganso zina zambiri. M’moyo, amatulutsa zinyalala zimene munthu amakokamo. Thupi limakhudzidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa mphamvu kwambiri.

akangaude

Anthu a m'banja ili ndi zomera tizirombo. Pakati pawo pali odya zamasamba okha omwe amadya timadziti tofewa. Zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe cha zomera komanso imfa yathunthu. Sanyoza mbali iliyonse ya zomera, m'munda, m'munda ndi maluwa amkati. Kulimbana ndi tizilombo totere ndi ntchito yovuta, makamaka pamene yafalikira.

nthata zamadzi

Pakati pa banjali pali anthu okhala m'madzi atsopano ndi amchere. Ndi majeremusi a anthu okhala m'madzi, olusa. Amakhala m'matumbo a anthu okhala m'nyanja kapena pathupi la tizilombo. Amaboola ozunzidwa, amabaya chinsinsi chomwe chimawasandutsa chakudya. Gululi lili ndi oyimira oposa 5000. Ndiang'ono kukula kwake, otalikirapo pang'ono kapena oblong, okhala ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yotalikirana yomwe imakutidwa ndi bristles ndikuthandizira kusambira.

nkhupakupa

Nkhupakupa zamtunduwu sizivulaza anthu mwachindunji, koma zimawononga chakudya. Mbewu zomwe zili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizimamera bwino, chimanga, ufa ndi zinthu zina zambiri zimakhala zotsekeka, zankhungu ndi zowola. Ngati chakudya chogwidwa ndi nkhupakupa chilowa m'thupi la munthu, ndiye kuti kukhumudwa, ziwengo, ngakhale poizoni zimayamba. Mitundu iyi ndi yaying'ono, mpaka 0,5 mm kukula, yoyera-bulauni, pafupifupi yowonekera, koma ili ndi nsagwada zolimba.

nthata za msipu

Uyu ndi woimira wamba wa dongosolo la Ixodes. Amagawidwa ku Siberia, Asia ndi Europe, m'nkhalango ndi nkhalango. Amavulaza nyama komanso amadyera anthu. Kuluma kwawo ndi kovulaza komanso koopsa, kumatha kukhala chonyamulira cha encephalitis kapena mliri. Nkhupakupa zanjala zimasonyeza nkhanza, zimaluma khungu 4-5 nthawi musanayambe kumamatira. Wodya magazi wodyetsedwa bwino amatha kufika kukula kwa 15 mm.

Nkhupakupa za agalu

Oimira awa ndi owopsa kwa agalu okha, samadya magazi a anthu kapena kawirikawiri. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'nkhalango za steppe. Arachnids amatha kukhala opanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali, kubisala m'ming'alu, makoma ndi pansi pa miyala. Akadya magazi a nyamayo, amangogwa mpaka nthawi ina.

Okolola nkhupakupa

Dongosolo laling'ono la ma arachnids okhala ndi miyendo yayitali komanso thupi lozungulira. Oimira awa amakhala m'nkhalango pansi ndi pansi pa miyala, amakhala m'mayiko otentha. Mwa oimira anapeza zilombo ndi spores za bowa, ndere.

steppe

Amagawidwa kulikonse kumene kuli zomera. Mu steppe, ngakhale pa udzu wochepa, pa kapinga ndi kapinga, woimira arachnids amakhala moyo. Amadwala matenda ambiri akaluma, samapewa ziweto, ziweto, koma amakonda anthu.

Taiga tick

Woimira wina wa Eksodo. Imakonda m'nkhalango zamitengo, malinga ndi dzina, m'tchire ndi udzu wautali. Kukula kwa akazi akuluakulu ndi 3,8 mm, ndipo pamene amadyetsedwa ndi magazi - 13 mm. Amanyamula matenda angapo omwe angakhale oopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama.

Zosangalatsa za nkhupakupa

Si nthata zonse zomwe zili zovulaza komanso zoyipa. Koma pali mfundo zingapo zomwe zingakudabwitseni.

Anthu ena amatha kukhala zaka zitatu popanda chakudya.
Nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi parthenogenesis, zimayikira mazira osabereka, koma ana amawonekera kuchokera kwa iwo.
Nkhupakupa yomwe ili ndi matenda a encephalitis imaikira mazira omwe ali kale ndi kachilomboka.
Amuna alibe njala yambiri, amadya pang'ono. Akazi amakhala mozungulira kwa masiku angapo.
Ma arachnids awa ndi amodzi mwa zolengedwa zolimbikira kwambiri. Ena a iwo akhoza kukhala mu vacuum ndipo ngakhale kupirira mtengo wa electron maikulosikopu.

Poyamba

NkhupakupaIxodes persulcatus kuchokera ku dongosolo la nkhupakupa za ixodid: tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chiyani komanso ndi matenda ati omwe amanyamula

Chotsatira

NkhupakupaFumbi Nkhungu