Nkhupakupa yofiyira pazomera zamkati: momwe mungatetezere maluwa omwe mumakonda ku tizirombo
Nsapato za akangaude zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri kwa olima maluwa komanso olima maluwa. Zimakonda kukhala kumadera otentha ndi kouma, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osiyana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Kangaude wofiira ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya tizilombo tomwe timawononga zomera zilizonse. Ganizirani momwe mungadziwire ndi kulimbana nazo.
Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera za tizilombo
Kangaude wofiira.
Kangaude wofiyira amadya madzi a zomera, ndipo ndiakuluakulu kokwanira kuti tizirombo ta mtunduwu. Mkazi amafika 0,5 mm m'litali, ndi mwamuna - 0,3 mm. Ndipo komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri kuziwona ndi maso amaliseche. Nkhupakupa imakhazikika m'munsi mwa tsamba, ikudya madzi ake, imachulukana mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri munda ndi zomera zamkati.
Nkhupakupa imagwirizana bwino ndi zovuta zachilengedwe, imasintha msangamsanga ku mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe anthu amawononga nawo. Pa kutentha kozungulira pamwamba pa madigiri 14, nkhupakupa imayamba ntchito yake yamphamvu, ndipo pa kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 30 imachulukitsa.
Kapangidwe ndi kayendedwe ka moyo
Kangaude wofiira ali ndi thupi lathyathyathya, ndipo mwa akazi ndi amuna amasiyana mawonekedwe. Yamphongo ili ndi thupi looneka ngati mphero, ndipo yaikazi ndi yozungulira. Mtundu wake wofiira uli ndi utoto wobiriwira kapena lalanje. Nthata ndi zazing'ono kwambiri kuti sizingathe kuziwona ndi maso, muyenera kuziyang'ana ndi maikulosikopu.
Nkhupakupa zimatha kukhala kutentha kwapakati pa 10 mpaka 34 ℃. Kuzungulira kwa moyo wonse ndi masiku 14 pa kutentha kochepa kwa 21 ℃ ndi zosakwana sabata pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa -30 ℃.
Kangaude wofiyira amatha kubisala popanda chakudya m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo amatuluka ndikuwononganso mbewu munthawi yabwino.
Kangaude wofiira amadutsa magawo angapo.
Kumene imakhala ndi zomwe imadya
Nthata zimapezeka pansi pa tsamba pafupi ndi mitsempha. Angathenso kusinthana mbali. Kuyamwa kapena kudyetsa utomoni kumapangitsa masamba kukhala achikasu oyera komanso okhala ndi timadontho.
Kangaude akagwidwa kwambiri, akangaude ofiirawa amapota ukonde, choyamba pansi pa nthaka kenako pamasamba odzaza, nthawi zina zomera zonse zimakwiririka ndi ukonde wokhuthala. M'mikhalidwe yovuta, zikhalidwe zimatha kufa.
Zifukwa za maonekedwe a nkhupakupa m'nyumba
Maluwa akunyumba amatha kutenga kachilomboka m'njira zitatu:
- pogula duwa lomwe lili ndi kachilombo kale;
- nkhupakupa zinkatengedwa ndi mphepo kudzera pawindo;
- pogwiritsira ntchito nthaka yomwe ili ndi mphutsi ndi mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zizindikiro za tizilombo towononga
Choyamba, timayang'anitsitsa masamba omwe ali ndi ma cobwebs, tizirombo tating'onoting'ono timayenda motsatira - akangaude. Mawanga opepuka amapangika pamasamba, ndipo pakapita nthawi masamba amasanduka bulauni, azipiringa ndipo pamapeto pake auma. Munthu amayenera kuyang'ana tizirombo pansi pa masamba, ndipo chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa, amafunikira galasi lokulitsa kuti aziwone.
Kodi nthata zofiira zimawononga chiyani?
Ngakhale kuti kuukira koyamba kwa nthata kungaoneke ngati kopanda vuto, kukula kwake kochepa komanso kuthekera kwawo kuberekana mwachangu kumakulitsa vutoli.
Chifukwa tizilombo tomwe timakhala tovuta kuziwona, n'zosavuta kuti mlimi asaphonye zizindikiro zobisika za infestation ngati sayang'anitsitsa munda wawo tsiku ndi tsiku. Mlimi wosamala kwambiri sangazindikire zizindikiro izi mpaka masamba ayamba kusanduka achikasu, kufa ndikugwa, ndipo mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi ma cobwebs, osatchulapo mazana kapena masauzande a nthata zoyenda komanso zanjala.
Beluli lasintha bwino nyengo yotentha ndipo limakhala m'minda, limapulumuka bwino m'nthaka m'nyengo yozizira. Amakonda kudya madzi a masamba a mitengo ya zipatso, mbewu za m'munda, zitsamba, maluwa. Maluwa amkati nawonso nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi tiziromboti, ma orchids amakhala pachiwopsezo kwambiri.
Popeza akangaude ofiira amadya madzi a zomera okha, amatha kuwononga chuma, koma akhoza kukhala ofunika kwambiri. Zomera zimayamba kudwala, kutaya masamba ndipo zimatha kufa. Zirombo zotere sizingaluma munthu kapena nyama, zida zake zapakamwa sizimasinthidwa kuti zitheke.
Njira zowongolera nkhupakupa zofiira
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi nkhupakupa zofiira, zomwe munthu angasankhe zimadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa zomera. Ngati duwa lamkati lili ndi kachilombo, ndiye kuti liyenera kupatulidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi ena. Ndi foci yaing'ono ya matenda, mankhwala owerengeka adzakhala okwanira. Ngati pali tizirombo tambiri, ndiye kuti njira zama mankhwala ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti nkhupakupa sizingachotsedwe panthawi imodzi, chithandizo chazomera chiyenera kuchitika katatu, ndipo pangakhale koyenera kumenyana mpaka nyengo yozizira.
Chemical processing
Mbalame zikangopezeka m'munda, ndikofunikira kuthira mbewuzo katatu pakadutsa sabata iliyonse ndikukonzekera kulikonse komwe kumagulitsidwa m'masitolo amaluwa:
- Marshal;
- Neoron;
- Nissoran;
- Demitan;
- Fufanon;
- Danadim;
- Aktofit;
- Apollo;
- Vertimek.
Izi ndi ma acaricides ndi insectoacaricides. Zoyamba zimapangidwa pamaziko a sulfure, nayitrogeni, bromine. Insectoacaricides imakhala ndi mankhwala a organophosphorus.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwala ndi owopsa osati nkhupakupa, komanso anthu. Choncho, chitetezo chiyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa. Valani zovala zomwe zimaphimba thupi lonse, chipewa, chothandizira kupuma ndi magalasi.
Musanayambe kukonza, muyenera kuteteza mizu ya mbewu zamkati ndi zamaluwa poziphimba ndi cellophane. Mwatsatanetsatane malangizo a mankhwala. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika isanakwane 12 koloko masana.
Njira za anthu
Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala, palinso mankhwala kunyumba kuchotsa akangaude. Tidzafunika: chopopera mbewu, madzi ndi chotsukira mbale kapena salicylic mowa. Njira yoyamba ndiyo kupopera mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi kangaude ndi madzi aukhondo.
Opaleshoniyi iyenera kubwerezedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo ndiyeneranso kusuntha chomeracho kumalo opanda dzuwa.
Ngati njira zapakhomo zomwe zili pamwambazi sizikugwira ntchito, njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi akangaude ndi mankhwala.
Njira zamoyo
Malo ogulitsa m'minda amagulitsa nthata zolusa, amblyseius ndi phytoseiulus, zomwe zimadya mphutsi ndi zazikulu za kangaude wofiira. Amagulitsidwa m'matumba a mapepala, omwe mumangofunika kuwatsogolera ku chomera. Nkhupakupa zofiira zikawonongeka, zilombo zimafanso.
Features pokonza wosakhwima zomera
Maluwa ena amkati amafunikira chisamaliro chofewa, sangathe kupukuta, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kuthirira madzi kuchokera ku shawa. Pofuna kuthana ndi majeremusi ofiira, njira zotsatirazi zikuperekedwa.
| Chipinda chamuwisi | Bweretsani maluwa ku bafa ndikutsegula shawa yotentha. Dikirani mpaka chipindacho chidzadzaze ndi nthunzi, ndikusiya maluwa pamenepo kwa mphindi 15. |
| wowonjezera kutentha | Ikani chidebe chokhala ndi adyo wodulidwa bwino kapena turpentine pafupi ndi duwa. Phimbani chidebecho ndi maluwa ndi polyethylene ndikusiya zonse kwa maola angapo. |
Njira zothandizira
Zomera, kaya m'munda kapena m'nyumba, ziyenera kufufuzidwa pafupipafupi, kamodzi pa masiku 5-7. Pachizindikiro choyamba cha matenda, kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga. Poyamba, zidzakhala zokwanira kuchiza ndi madzi otentha kapena njira zowerengeka. Kwa zomera zamkati, njira zodzitetezera ndizoyenera:
- Dothi logulidwa liyenera kuwerengedwa mu uvuni, pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala osiyana ophika pa izi.
- Pogula mbewu yatsopano, yang'anani mosamala, pamasamba pasakhale zolembera. Chomera chogulidwa bwino chimayikidwa mosiyana ndi maluwa ena kwa milungu iwiri.
- Masamba ogwa ayenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo.
- Yang'anirani chinyezi, musalole kuti nthaka iume.