Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira nkhupakupa mchirengedwe: "othira magazi" ndi owopsa bwanji
Nkhupakupa zimawopseza komanso zonyansa kwa anthu ambiri, zomwe sizodabwitsa, chifukwa ma arachnids sanadzitsimikizire okha mwa njira yabwino. Tizilombo tinalengedwa mwachilengedwe osati kungovulaza ndi kuwononga, komanso kupindulitsa anthu ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chiyani nkhupakupa zimafunika m'chilengedwe: kuti parasitize ndi "dongosolo", kuwononga ulimi ndikuupulumutsa, kufalitsa matenda oopsa, koma nthawi yomweyo kukhala oteteza.
Zamkatimu
Ndani nkhupakupa
Mitundu yayikulu ya nkhupakupa ndi moyo wawo
M'chilengedwe, pali magulu oposa 54 a arachnids, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe ake ndi moyo wake.
Tizilombo tambiri topanda vuto kwa anthu ndi Phytoseiidae. Uwu ndi mtundu wolusa womwe umadya saprophages. Tsiku litha kudya mpaka abale makumi awiri. Amakhalanso olamulira achilengedwe a chiwerengero cha saprophages, mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi ophwanya dongosolo la ulimi.
Mtengo wa nkhupakupa m'chilengedwe komanso moyo wamunthu
Udindo wa arachnids m'chilengedwe ndi waukulu, musachepetse. Kupatula apo, amawongolera kuchuluka kwa arthropods, zomwe zimapindulitsa polimbana ndi tizirombo muulimi ndi nkhalango. Mitundu ya saprophytes:
- kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga nthaka;
- kupindula pakukhazikitsa moyo m'chilengedwe, kutenga nawo mbali pakuwola ndi kusungunuka kwa mabakite a zomera ndi zinyama;
- kuonjezera porosity ya nthaka;
- kufalitsa tizilombo tothandiza m'nthaka.
Odyera amapindula pochita "mwadongosolo", kudya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuyeretsa zomera zowononga spores. Pazigawo za matenda omwe amapezeka, iwo ndi oteteza zachilengedwe, omwe amathandiza kuti anthu azikhala oyenerera. Predatory phytoseids amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizirombo ta kangaude.
Kodi nthata zakutchire zimadya chiyani?
Mbalame zolusa za m'nkhalango zimadya nyama zawo - zoyamwitsa, mbalame ndi zolengedwa zina zakutchire zomwe zimatha kumamatira. Mtundu uwu sukonzekera kuwukira ndipo sudumphira pa ozunzidwawo, amamatira ku chandamale chikakhudza tsamba la udzu lomwe nkhupakupa imakhalapo. Atakhazikika pa nyamayo, amafunafuna malo odyetserako, nthawi zambiri amakhala mutu kapena khosi, kotero kuti nyamayo sichitha kuwononga tizilombo tokha.
Saprophage wa m'nkhalango amadya zinthu zowola komanso bowa m'nthaka, zomwe zimapindulitsa chilengedwe.
adani achilengedwe
Nkhupakupa ndizomwe zimakhala pansi pazakudya, kotero pali ambiri omwe amafuna kuzidya. Ngakhale kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakonda kudya magazi a mbalame, iwonso nthawi zambiri amakhala ozunzidwa. Mbalame, kudya tizilombo:
- thrush;
- Chikuku
- zinziri;
- black grouse;
- nkhuku;
- woluka nkhupakupa;
- nyenyezi;
- mbulu peck.
Zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri pakuwononga ma arachnids owopsa ndi mpheta. Pali chiphunzitso chakuti mbalame zimadya nthata zodyetsedwa bwino, chifukwa zimakopeka ndi fungo la magazi, chifukwa chomwe anthu anjala amakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka.
Adani a tizilombo mwa tizilombo:
- akangaude akuluakulu;
- ntchentche;
- kachikumbu;
- nsikidzi.
Mwa tizilombo, chopha chachikulu cha arachnids ndi nyerere. Zikadziwika kuti pali mdani, nyererezo zimapereka chizindikiro kwa achibale awo n’kumuukira ndi gulu lankhondo. Red nkhuni nyerere jekeseni poizoni wophwanya malire ndi kupita ku nyerere, kudya wovulalayo okha kapena kudyetsa ana. Chifukwa cha izi, nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi mantha komanso kukana fungo la formic acid pamlingo wa jini.
Adani pakati pa amphibians:
- achule ndi achule;
- abuluzi;
- salamanders;
- chameleons.
Nkhupakupa ndi ulalo wofunikira pazakudya. Ngati anthu awononga kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndiye kuti mitundu yambiri ya mbalame ndi amphibians idzatha pambuyo pa nkhupakupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu lomwe lingawononge chilengedwe.
Ubwino wa nkhupakupa
Mayanjano oipa a anthu omwe ali ndi tizirombo samatsutsa mfundo yakuti arachnids ndi yopindulitsa ku chilengedwe. Mu chilengedwe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizomwe zimagwirizanitsa chakudya chonse. Ubwino wa nkhupakupa ndi wosatsutsika ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira m'chilengedwe.
Zovulaza anthu
Nkhupakupa adzikhazikitsa okha ngati owopsa tizirombo, ngakhale ubwino kwa chilengedwe.
Pali oimira ambiri omwe kulumidwa kwawo sikungoyambitsa malungo ndi kusapeza kwakanthawi, koma kufa.
Parasitic saprophages, monga majeremusi a ufa, amawononga tirigu ndi mbewu, kuwononga ulimi. Makutu a arachnids amadya ziweto ndi ziweto, zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka komanso kufalitsa ma virus ndi matenda oopsa.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya nkhupakupa yomwe imatengedwa kuti ndi yothandiza
Arachnids nthawi zambiri ndi tizirombo, koma amabweretsanso phindu lalikulu. Nkhupakupa si "zabwino" kapena "zoipa", ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe chimaposa kuwonongeka komwe kumapangitsa chilengedwe kukhala ndi phindu.
Zomwe nkhupakupa zimathandizira:
- Nthenga zamitundumitundu nthawi zambiri sizidya magazi, koma mafangasi ndi mabakiteriya omwe ali owopsa kwa mbalame, kupanga symbiosis ndikukhala "ochita mwadongosolo" omwe amatsuka nthenga za mbalame;
- Tyroglyphus longior, yothandiza popanga tchizi kugulitsidwa;
- Phytoseiidae - mitundu ya gamasid imapindulitsa powononga abale omwe ali ndi parasitic pa zomera.