Mitundu ya nsikidzi - kunyumba ndi chilengedwe

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadziwika kuti nsikidzi (lat. Heteroptera) tili ndi mitundu yopitilira 40, yomwe imapezeka makamaka ku Southeast Asia. Ku Russia kulinso mitundu yopitilira 000, kuyambira kumadera otentha mpaka ku Siberia komanso ku Arctic Circle.

Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, nsikidzi zili ndi zinthu zina zodziwika bwino:

1. Kapangidwe ka Mapiko: Ndi ma membranous, pang'ono achikopa. Mapiko sapezeka mu zamoyo zonse; zina zakhala zopanda mapiko panthawi yachisinthiko.
2. Nambala ya miyendo: Akuluakulu nthawi zonse amakhala ndi awiriawiri, mosasamala za komwe amakhala.
3. Special glands: Amatulutsa chinthu chokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu lomwe limathamangitsa adani.
4. Setae ndi proboscis: Kuchita ngati kamwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuboola ndi kuyamwa zakumwa monga magazi, timadziti ta zomera, ndi zina zotero.

Kukula kwa nsikidzi kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera mamilimita angapo mpaka 15 centimita. Thupi nthawi zambiri chowulungika, lathyathyathya, yokutidwa ndi chitinous chipolopolo. Mitundu imasiyanasiyananso, ikuwonetsera njira zosiyanasiyana zopulumutsira, ndipo imaphatikizapo mitundu yowala yochenjeza za ngozi. Nsikidzi zimagwiritsanso ntchito cimycin acid kuthamangitsa adani.

Bug. Mitundu

Mamembala a suborder Heteroptera akuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nthaka, zam'madzi, nyumba, kunja, herbivorous, predatory and ectoparasitic bugs. Zitsamba, kapena phytophages, zimadya madzi a masamba, mbewu ndi zipatso. Tizilombo tolusa timadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mphutsi ndi nyama zolusa. Ectoparasites, omwe amadziwikanso kuti hematophages, amadya magazi a zolengedwa zotentha, kuphatikizapo anthu.

Nsikidzi zimagawidwanso m'magulu malinga ndi ubale wawo ndi anthu - zitha kukhala zopindulitsa kapena zowopseza anthu. Nsikidzi zambiri sizikhala ndi vuto lililonse kwa anthu, koma palinso mitundu ingapo yomwe imawononga mwachindunji, monga nsikidzi yodziwika bwino. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana imeneyi.

Nsikidzi zamadzi

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsikidzi imakhala m'malo amadzi, kuphatikizapo:

1. Madzi oyenda: Tizilombo ta miyendo yayitali, zomwe anthu ambiri amazidziwa kuyambira ali mwana, timayenda pamwamba pamadzi. Banja lalikululi lili ndi mitundu yopitilira 700. Amadya tizilombo tomwe timagwera m'madzi ndi nthawi yozizira pakati pa masamba akugwa.
2. Zinkhanira zamadzi: Izi si zamoyo zokha, koma banja lonse, kugwirizanitsa mitundu yoposa mazana awiri. Utali wapakati wa tizilombo tofiirira timeneti ndi pafupifupi 4,5 centimita. Amalephera kusambira ndi kukhala m'madzi osaya, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yopuma.
3. Belostoma gigantea: Kachilomboka kameneka kamachita chidwi ndi kukula kwake kokulirapo, komwe kumatha kufika ma centimita khumi. Amasaka akamba ndipo ndi nyama yolusa yomwe sipezeka ku Russia.
4. Plautus vulgaris: Kachilombo kamadzi kamene kamadya nsomba zokazinga, mphutsi, mollusks ndi tizilombo tina.
5. Gladysh: Mphuno yamadzi imatha kuthawa, yomwe zakudya zake zimakhala ndi tizilombo komanso nsomba zazing'ono. Kuluma kwake, ngakhale kuti kumatha kuluma, sikubweretsa ngozi kwa anthu.

Nsikidzi

Nsikidzi zimakhala m’malo osiyanasiyana monga udzu, dothi, mitengo ndi zitsamba. Kusintha kwawo ku nyengo kumakhala kosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kuchipululu ndi steppe kupita ku tundra. Tizilombozi timapezeka m'malo achilengedwe komanso m'malo otenthedwa ndi anthu monga nkhokwe, nyumba za nkhuku ndi nyumba.

Imodzi mwamabanja ambiri a nsikidzi ndi nsikidzi zonunkha, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti nsikidzi zamitengo chifukwa cha chipolopolo chonga chishango pamsana pawo. Komabe, sikuti amakhala m’mitengo mokha. Pali mitundu yopitilira XNUMX ya nsikidzi zonunkha, zambiri zomwe zimawononga kwambiri ulimi.

Mitundu ina ikuluikulu ya nsikidzi zonunkha ndi izi:

1. Chishango cha Berry: Kachilombo kofiira kofiira kamene kamadya madzi a zipatso, komanso masamba ndi masamba a zomera zaulimi.
2. Chishango chokhala ndi mzere: Zojambula zofiira ndi zakuda. Chomera cha herbivorous chomwe chimadya ma inflorescence a katsabola, parsley ndi kaloti.
3. Chishango cha nsangalabwi: Kachilombo kamene kamakhala kofulumira kamene kamadya madzi a zomera zosiyanasiyana ndi nyengo yachisanu m'zipinda zotentha, monga nyumba zogona.
4. Kamba wa Shield: Imawononga ndikudya chimanga, ndikuwononga kwambiri ulimi, ndipo imagawidwa m'mitundu yopitilira 50.

Mitundu yothandiza ya nsikidzi

Mitundu ina ya nsikidzi ingathandize kwambiri anthu. Mwa mitundu iyi ndi:

1. Nkhuku yofiira yopanda mapiko, kapena kachilombo ka msilikali: Podyetsa nyama zopanda msana zakufa ndi masamba owuma, kachilomboka kakufulumizitsa njira yodziyeretsa yokha.
2. Maluwa a Maluwa: Mitundu ina imadya nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata, mphutsi ndi mazira a tizilombo towononga. Amalimidwa kuti ateteze maluwa ndi mbewu zina.
3. Zicron Blue: Kudyetsa mazira ndi mphutsi za kachilomboka kowononga masamba, kachilomboka kamapulumutsa masamba a zomera, kuphatikizapo omwe amakula ndi anthu. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa Colorado mbatata kafadala zomwe zimawononga mbatata.
4. Perillus: Kachilombo kena kamene kamakonda kudyetsa tizilombo tamasamba, kuphatikizapo akuluakulu awo.

Mitundu yoopsa ya nsikidzi

Tsopano tiyeni tione mitundu ya nsikidzi zimene zimavulaza anthu. Choyamba, nsikidzi imaonekera kwambiri pakati pawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa tizirombozi pali tizirombo zingapo, monga:

1. Nsikidzi za Rapeseed ndi cruciferous: Tizilombozi timadya zomera zofunika paulimi monga rapeseed, radishes, turnips ndi kabichi, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri mbewu.
2. "Kamba Woyipa": Kachilomboka kamakhala koopsa ku mbewu za chimanga. Chigoba chake chimachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusiyanitsa zomera. Mphutsi za nsikidzizi zimawonekera nthawi yakucha ndipo zimawononga mbewu pamodzi ndi akuluakulu.
3. Bulu wobiriwira wobiriwira (kapena kachilombo ka mabulosi): Kudyetsa timadziti ta zipatso zosiyanasiyana, monga gooseberries ndi raspberries, kachilomboka kamasiya fungo losasangalatsa pa iwo, kupangitsa zipatsozo kukhala zosayenera kumwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zimawopseza kwambiri mbewu za phala.

Mitundu yapakhomo ya nsikidzi

Mwa mitundu yonse ya nsikidzi zovulaza, ma ectoparasites apanyumba amakhala oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Mawuwa amanena za nsikidzi zomwe zimadya magazi a nyama ndi anthu. Pali mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya gulu ili la tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'nyumba. Iwo ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lathyathyathya, koma atamwa magazi amakhala aakulu kwambiri. Alibe mapiko ndi maso, koma amalipira izi ndi kununkhira kotukuka, kukhudza komanso miyendo yofulumira. Mphutsi za nsikidzizi zimayesa 1-4 mm, akuluakulu - mpaka 6 mm.

Ectoparasites am'nyumba amakhala m'ming'alu yosiyanasiyana, ming'alu ndi mbali zamkati za mipando. Amatha kusuntha pakati pa zipinda zosiyanasiyana kapena nyumba, amakonda kukhala usiku.

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amaona kuti nsikidzi zoyamwa magazi zimakhala m’mabedi ndipo zimamwa magazi a anthu okha, izi si zoona. Ena a iwo amakhala m'mapanga ndi parasitize mileme. Ena, monga "nsikidzi", amakonda magazi a mbalame, koma sangakane magazi a munthu ngati atapatsidwa mwayi.

Nsikidzi, kapena nsikidzi m'nyumba, ndizofala m'maiko onse padziko lapansi. Palibe amene ali wotetezedwa, mosasamala kanthu za moyo kapena chuma. Komabe, mitundu ina ya ectoparasites zoweta ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo samakhala ku Russia, amakonda mayiko otentha.

Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo:

1. Triatomous: Mtundu uwu wa kachilomboka ndi wowopsa, kuluma kwake kungayambitse anaphylactic shock. Ndiwonyamula matenda a Chagas.
2. Kuwotcha: Mutha kuganiza kuchokera m'dzina kuti kulumidwa kwake kumayambitsa kusamvana kwakukulu.

Ku Russia, mitundu itatu yodziwika kwambiri ya nsikidzi ndi:

1. Cimex lectularius: Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa nsikidzi za m'nyumba zomwe zimadya magazi a anthu. Wolimba komanso wokhoza kusala kudya kwa nthawi yayitali.
2. Occiacus hirundinis: Nsikidzi zomeza, zomwe zimathanso kudya magazi amunthu. Amanyamula matenda oopsa.
3. Cimex pipistrelli: Mtundu uwu wa kachilomboka umadya magazi a mileme.

Nthawi zina mu Russia mungapeze subspecies otentha nsikidzi - Cimex hemipterus.

N'chifukwa chiyani nsikidzi ndi zovulaza?

Kutalika kwa moyo wa nsikidzi kumatenga miyezi 12 mpaka 14. Nsikidzi zikaluma munthu, zimatha kuyamwa magazi mpaka theka la millilita, pomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatha kuluma mpaka mamililita asanu ndi awiri. Pambuyo pa kuluma, zizindikiro zimawonekera: khungu limasanduka lofiira, limayamba kuyabwa, ndipo zidzolo zimatha kuchitika. Komabe, chifukwa cha chinthu chapadera chokhala ndi mphamvu ya analgesic yotulutsidwa ndi kachilomboka, kuluma kumatha kukhala kobisika, ndipo anthu ambiri samazindikira nkomwe.

Kuchotsa nsikidzi si chinthu chophweka, chomwe chimawapangitsa kukhala oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Zikaswana m’mabedi ndi m’malo okhala, zimatha kuzunza anthu ndi kuluma kosatha. Ngakhale izi sizowopsyeza mwachindunji thanzi lathupi (kupatula zomwe zingachitike) zimakhudza kwambiri thanzi lamunthu. Komanso, ngati nsikidzi zimayenda pakati pa zipinda kapena nyumba zosiyanasiyana, zimatha kutenga matenda. Malo oluma amathanso kuyambitsa kuyabwa kosasangalatsa, komwe kungayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana akhungu.

Nsikidzi zimakonda kutentha kwapakati pa 25 mpaka 30 digiri Celsius ndipo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Sangathe kulekerera kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kapena kuzizira. Kuphatikiza apo, amawopa mankhwala ophera tizilombo amphamvu, ngakhale, mwatsoka, nsikidzi zikukula kukana mankhwalawa, motero njira zogwira mtima komanso njira zowongolera ndizofunikira.

FAQ

Zoyenera kuchita ngati aneba anu ali ndi nsikidzi?

Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kukambirana momasuka ndi anansi anu, kumene mungawakomere mtima ku vutolo. Kambiranani njira zomwe zingathandize kuthana ndi nsikidzi ndi kupereka thandizo, monga kuyang'anira mipando pamodzi, kuyeretsa, kapena kulipira ndalama zina zachipatala. Kumbukirani kuti vuto la nsikidzi la anansi anu lingakhudze osati iwo okha, komanso inu, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha tizilombo m'nyumba mwanu.

Kodi nsikidzi zimaopa chiyani?

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri nsikidzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pochiritsa malo awo. Anthu ena angayambe kukana mwapang’onopang’ono. Komanso, nsikidzi sizingathe kulekerera kutentha kwadzidzidzi.

Kodi kuchotsa nsikidzi kunyumba?

Pali njira zambiri zapadera zomwe zimakulolani kuwononga nsikidzi popanda akatswiri. Kukonzekera monga dichlorvos, karbofos ndi ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala kunyumba. Kuti zitheke komanso chitetezo chokwanira, malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala aliwonse ayenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji nsikidzi?

Nsikidzi za m'nyumba nthawi zambiri zimasankha mipando yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogona, monga mabedi kapena sofa, monga malo awo. Choncho, ndikofunika kufufuza mosamala malo ogona, kuphatikizapo ngodya, zolumikizira, pansi ndi kumbuyo. Ngati n'kotheka, tembenuzirani ndikuchotsa sofa. Ndibwinonso kuyang'ana mipando ina m'nyumba, makamaka m'chipinda chogona.