Nthata zowopsa mu njuchi: momwe mungatetezere malo owetera njuchi ku tizilombo takupha

Kodi varroa mite ndi chiyani

Varroa nthata ndi ectoparasites ndipo amathera moyo wawo wonse pa njuchi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono - 1-2 mm., Thupi ndilathyathyathya kwambiri, kunjaku ngati mbale yozungulira yozungulira. Varroa ili ndi miyendo 4 yokhala ndi tsitsi, chifukwa chake imagwiridwa mwamphamvu pa njuchi.

Kodi amuna ndi akazi amaoneka bwanji?

Anthu amagawidwa momveka bwino kukhala amuna ndi akazi.

Makhalidwe a morphological a varroa yachikazi:

• mawonekedwe achilendo a thupi, chifukwa chomwe chachikazi chimagwiridwa mwamphamvu pathupi la njuchi;
• kukhalapo kwa chubu chosunthika cha perithrimal, chifukwa chomwe tizilombo timatha kuwongolera kupuma kutengera momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera;
• kukhalapo kwa mano ang'onoang'ono pa chelicerae, omwe amalunjika ku thupi - chifukwa cha iwo, tizilombo timagwidwa mwamphamvu pa thupi la wozunzidwa;
• chophimba chapadera chamadzi, chomwe chimalepheretsa mkazi kumamatira kuchinsinsi chomata.

Thupi la amuna ndi lozungulira, kukula kwa amuna ndi kochepa kuposa akazi - osapitirira 0,8 mm. Mtundu wa thupi ndi imvi-woyera kapena wachikasu. Amuna amangowona m'magulu a njuchi.

Zida zapakamwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha potengera umuna pa nthawi ya umuna wa mkazi.

Pharynx sichiwoneka, ilibe minofu yamphamvu.

Chitukuko ndi kubereka

Kuzungulira kwachitukuko cha varroa ndi masiku 5-7 okha, kotero pamene njuchi kapena drone imachoka mu selo, mwamuna amakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezera njuchi zingapo. Njira ya moyo wa munthu wamwamuna imathera pa nthawi ya umuna - samadyetsa ndipo posakhalitsa amafa.

Akazi amasiya maselo a njuchi okha kapena pa nyama zawo. Ngati mazira a mite atayidwa mochedwa, anthu omwe amaswedwa nthawi zambiri amafa posachedwa, chifukwa panthawiyi chivundikiro cha njuchi chimauma, ndipo tizilombo sitingathe kuluma.

Chongani kukana zinthu zoipa

Akazi a Varroa amatha kukhala opanda chakudya pa kutentha kwa madigiri 22-25 kwa masiku 5-6. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli kochepa kapena mpweya uli wodzaza ndi zinthu zoopsa, tizilombo timasiya kupuma ndikubisala mu selo la zisa, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri polimbana nazo.

Zima ndi chitukuko cha tiziromboti mu maselo ndi ana

M'chilimwe, mkazi amatha kukhala miyezi 2-3, m'nyengo yozizira - pafupifupi 5.

Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ana a njuchi m'nyengo yozizira, varroas amasiya kuswana ndipo 7-10% ya iwo amafa.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'nyengo yozizira, mkazi mmodzi amawononga njuchi zingapo, chifukwa amafunikira 5,5 μl ya magazi a njuchi kuti adye, ndipo magazi a njuchi imodzi ndi 4,3 μl okha.

Njira za matenda ndi zizindikiro za matenda a njuchi ndi nkhupakupa

Kugwidwa kwa njuchi ndi nthata kumayambitsa matenda a varroatosis. Osati akuluakulu okha omwe amatha kutenga matenda, komanso mphutsi, mphutsi za njuchi.

Matendawa amawononga kwambiri ulimi wa njuchi ndipo amatengedwabe ngati mliri weniweni wamakampani awa.

Zimadziwika kuti m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, varroosis imafalikira mofulumira. Pa avareji, kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi 10 km pa kotala ndipo kumadalira kuchuluka kwa njuchi zapafupi. M'nyengo yotentha, matenda ndi nthata za njuchi zimachitika motere:

• pa kukhudzana ndi kachilombo njuchi pa pollination wa maluwa;
• kudzera mwa njuchi zakuba;
• ndi kusungidwa kosayenera kwa ana a drone;
• pokonzanso zisa kuchokera ku banja la njuchi kupita ku lina;
• ndi njuchi zoyendayenda;
• pa kuchuluka kwa njuchi;
• pogula mfumukazi ndi njuchi;
• pamene ana omwe ali ndi kachilomboka alowetsedwa m'gulu.

M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, matenda a nkhupakupa amakhala osawoneka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timachulukana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhupakupa ziwoneke nthawi imodzi, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika m'chilimwe. Achinyamata amapatsira pafupifupi 30% ya njuchi nthawi imodzi.

Anthu okhudzidwa amakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kusintha kwa thupi;
• variegated mtundu wa ana;
• miyendo ndi mapiko palibe kapena osatukuka;
• m'nyengo yozizira, njuchi zimakhala zosakhazikika - zimapanga phokoso, zimadumpha m'maselo;
• antchito amasiya kuwuluka;
• Pansi pa mng'oma, anthu ambiri akufa amawonekera, pathupi lomwe nkhupakupa zimawoneka;
• mu nthawi yophukira, chiwerengero cha anthu chimachepa kwambiri;
• Uchi ukatha kukolola, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa amachoka mumng'oma, ngakhale kuti pali chakudya chokwanira.

Mphutsi zomwe zakhudzidwa sizikhala ndi mafuta osanjikiza, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, chifukwa chake njuchi zing'onozing'ono zimaswa kuchokera kwa iwo.

Kuvulaza komwe nkhupakupa imabweretsa ku njuchi imodzi ndi gulu lonse

Kulemera kwa thupi la njuchi yaing'ono yomwe yagwidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa ya njuchi yathanzi. Kuwonda zimadalira angati mayi nthata anaukira selo pa ana ndi kangati makwerero kunachitika pakati pa ana a mayi nthata.

Matenda amodzi amachepetsa kulemera kwa thupi ndi 7%.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo wa njuchi yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka imakhala yochepa kwambiri, kuwonjezera apo, mphamvu yake yoyenda bwino imachepetsedwa, chifukwa chake sangathe kubwerera ku koloni kwa nthawi yaitali.

Njira zothana ndi tiziromboti

Pofuna kupewa matenda a njuchi ndi varroitosis, pali njira zingapo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa kukhala mankhwala, biological and biotechnical. Komanso alimi a njuchi amadziwa njira zothanirana ndi njuchi.

Mankhwala a Acaricide

Acaricides ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha nkhupakupa, kusokoneza kukula ndi chitukuko chawo. Poweta njuchi, mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi varroa:

Biological and biotechnical njira

Izi ndi njira zopewera tizilombo tomwe timaganizira za chikhalidwe cha tizilombo. Njira zimenezi zasonyezedwa kuti n’zothandiza polimbana ndi varroa ndipo zimaonedwa kuti n’zotetezeka kusiyana ndi mankhwala a mankhwala. Njira zolimbana ndi nkhupakupa ndi monga:

1. Mbalame zolusa za Stratiolaelaps scimitus. Tizilombozi timadya varroa, koma nthawi zina zimatha kuwononga mazira ndi mphutsi za njuchi. Komabe, sizingawopsyeze njuchi.
2. Zinkhanira zabodza kapena buku. Nyama zimadya nsabwe za njuchi, nthata za varroa ndi mphutsi za sera. Amapanga symbiosis ndi njuchi ndipo samayika chiwopsezo ku gulu la njuchi.

Chofunikira cha njira za biotechnical ndikulowererapo pakukula kwa nkhupakupa kuti ziwononge. Oweta njuchi amagwiritsa ntchito njira izi:

Mankhwala a anthu

Monga mabuku muyeso kulimbana njuchi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mungagwiritse ntchito wowerengeka azitsamba. Pali maphikidwe awa:

1. Horseradish. Pokonza njuchi, masamba owuma bwino a horseradish amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ziwunikeni ku dzuwa limodzi ndi chinyezi chochepa. Zouma zouma zimayikidwa mu fodya ndipo zikwapu 4 zimapangidwa m'nyumba iliyonse. Masamba a Horseradish ali ndi formic ndi oxalic acid, omwe amakhudza kwambiri tizilombo.
2. Palafini. Zomwe zimayaka zimasakanizidwa ndi Bipin motere: 4 ml. Bipin pa 100 ml ya palafini. Ndalama zomwe zatchulidwazi ndizokwanira kukonza njuchi 50. Njira yothetsera imathiridwa mu cannon ndipo ming'oma imakonzedwa.
3. Paini ufa. Yanikani singano zilizonse ndikuzipera kukhala ufa. Zotsatira zake zimakonkhedwa ndi ming'oma ya njuchi pamlingo wa 50 gr. kwa banja. Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitika katatu ndi nthawi ya masiku 7.
4. Dill mafuta. 2 makapu wosweka katsabola mbewu wothira 100 gr. mafuta a masamba. The zikuchokera ndi usavutike mtima mu osamba madzi kwa 2 hours, ndiye kuima kwa tsiku. Kenaka, yankho liyenera kufinyidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku filimu ya pulasitiki yoyezera masentimita 30 ndi 20. Ikani filimuyo ndi mbali yowonongeka pa chimango, ndikuyika chidutswa chomwecho pamwamba ndi chopaka pambali. Ndondomeko iyenera kubwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku 7.

Mbali processing njuchi ndi ming'oma pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana pa chaka

Kulimbana ndi nkhupakupa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka kumakhala ndi makhalidwe ake. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zimachitika mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, koma kukonza kowonjezera kumatha kuchitika m'dzinja kuti njuchi zizitha kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira.

Chapakatikati

Nkhondo yolimbana ndi varroa iyenera kuyamba ndikufika kwa masika: ndi nthawi imeneyi pamene uchi wochepa kwambiri umakhalabe muzisa. Spring processing imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

• pewani kuchepa kwa njuchi;
• kukonzekera nkhondo yokwanira m'chilimwe, kupewa matenda a ana ena.

M'chilimwe

Kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa mng'oma kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kasupe processing, zomwe sizingawononge thanzi la njuchi ndipo sizidzakhudza ndondomeko ya uchi. Komabe, ngati panthawiyi sizingatheke kuchotsa varroa, iye sanazindikire chifukwa insufficiently bwinobwino anayendera, processing akhoza kuchitidwa m'chilimwe, makamaka pasanafike June.

Njira zothandizira

Mbalame yotchedwa varroa mite ndi tizilombo tosaoneka bwino tomwe timatha kuwononga mwakachetechete malo owetera njuchi. Kulimbana nayo ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo ndizosavuta kupewa kuchitika kwake mothandizidwa ndi njira zodzitetezera. Mndandanda wa zikuluzikulu:

• njuchi zomwe zapezeka kapena gulu lomwe lagwidwa liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi pericin lisanakhazikike mumng'oma;
• muyenera nthawi zonse kuyendera drone ana ndi thireyi mumng'oma, kuyesera kuti azindikire tiziromboti;
• ming'oma iyenera kutsukidwa mwadongosolo ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• ndi zofunika kuchita odana ndi mite mankhwala nthawi imodzi ndi alimi njuchi ili moyandikana.