Kodi tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Kodi Mole amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Pafupifupi moyo wa mole ndi zaka 4-5, koma nthawi zina amatha kufika zaka 7. Komabe, imfa yachibadwa mu moles ndi yosowa chifukwa cha mpikisano wa malo, kukhudzana ndi matenda ndi zochitika za anthu, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri chiwerengero chawo.

Funso la kutalika kwa moyo wa timadontho-timadontho ndi lochititsa chidwi, chifukwa moyo wawo wapansi panthaka umawapangitsa kukhala ovuta kuzindikira. Mitsempha imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza minda, madambo, nkhalango, minda yamasamba ndi minda ya zipatso, koma ndizovuta kuziwona.

Amadziwika kuti mbali yaikulu ya zakudya timadontho-timadontho ndi mizu ndi tubers. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi minda ndi minda ya ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano ndi anthu. Timadontho-timadontho timaona mbewu zimene zabzalidwa m’minda ngati katundu wawo. Amasonkhanitsa mbewu ndikupanga nkhokwe m'nyengo yozizira, ndikuzisunga, mwachitsanzo, m'malo osungiramo mobisa.

Nyamazi zimakakamizika kudyetsa pafupipafupi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa m'mimba mwawo. Kusowa chakudya kungayambitse imfa yawo yofulumira.

Moles ndi zolengedwa zosungira. Chilimwe chimakhala chosavuta kwa iwo chifukwa pali zakudya zambiri zanyama zomwe zimapezeka monga tizilombo, nyongolotsi ndi nkhono. Nthawi zina pachaka, chakudya chikamasowa, timanyerere timapita ku malo awo osungiramo malo apadera.

Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za kuthekera kwawo kusunga ndalama, anthu kaŵirikaŵiri amanyansidwa ndi minyewa. M’malo mogoma ndi mphamvu ya nyama yodabwitsayi imene ikuunjikana, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuiwononga. Amadzaza maenje ndi madzi pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola, kuyika misampha ndikugwiritsa ntchito ziphe. Zotsatira zake, moyo wa timadontho-timadontho timafupikitsidwa. Matenda nawonso amawopseza moyo wawo, chifukwa timadontho-timadontho timatenga matenda osiyanasiyana. Akhoza kuvulazidwa ndi helminths ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Ngakhale kuti pali ngozi zambiri, tinthu tating’onoting’ono timakhala m’madera ambiri, kuyambira ku Ulaya mpaka ku North America, ku Asia. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti zolengedwa izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakumasula nthaka. Ntchito yawo imalimbikitsa mpweya wabwino ku mizu ya zomera m'madera ozungulira, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula ndi chitukuko. Zokolola m'madera omwe timadontho timakhala tambirimbiri, kupatulapo pamene akonza gawo labwino kwambiri la mbewu ndikulisunga m'malo awo osungiramo pansi. Akhoza ngakhale kuba adyo, ndi aluso kwambiri pankhaniyi!

Mole imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachilengedwe padziko lapansi ndipo ndiyofunika kuisunga, monganso nyama zina. Kupha mopanda nzeru kwa timadontho-timadontho ndi anthu kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mollusks, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo towononga. Zotsatira zake, funso lidzabuka loti ndani amawononga minda yamasamba ndi minda ya zipatso zambiri - timadontho-timadontho kapena tizirombo. Zachilengedwe zimalumikizana kwambiri, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono timagwira gawo lawo panjira yovutayi ya moyo, yomwe imakhala zaka 4 mpaka 5.

Moyo wa mole

Ma moles nthawi zambiri amafanizidwa ndi makoswe, koma amakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu: ma moles alibe nsagwada zamphamvu ngati makoswe, motero amasankha malo okhala ndi dothi lofewa lomwe amatha kukumba ndi zikhadabo zawo.

Komanso, timadontho-timadontho timatha kusambira ndi kuwoloka mitsinje ing’onoing’ono, yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi ndime zapansi panthaka zomwe zimasokonekera kutsogolo kwa madamu ndikupitiriza pambuyo pawo. Komabe, timadontho ting'onoting'ono siziwoneka pamtunda, ndipo ngakhale zikawoneka, zimakhala zopusa, chifukwa ndi akhungu kotheratu ndipo sazolowera chilengedwe kunja kwa ngalande zawo. Ndicho chifukwa chake amasuntha ndi kukwawa. Masomphenya awo amangokhala ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima.

Zizindikiro zakunja za moles ndi:

- Khungu lonyezimira lokhala ndi ubweya wakuda waufupi.
- Kalombo kakang'ono kokhala ndi mphuno pansi.
-Zanja zazikulu zakutsogolo, zooneka ngati fosholo, ndipo zikhato zimayang'ana m'mwamba.
- Miyendo yakumbuyo yaing'ono, yosakula bwino.
- Maso ang'onoang'ono osawona bwino.
- Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera 110 mpaka 170 millimeters ndi kulemera kuchokera 60 mpaka 150 magalamu.
- Mchira wamfupi.

Wokongola mole m'manja mwa mwamuna

Mzunguliro wa moyo wa mamolekyu umaphatikizapo:

- Akazi amabereka ana anayi kuyambira February mpaka May.
- Kusamalira ana, komwe kumatenga mpaka milungu isanu ndi inayi, pomwe amakula kukhala akuluakulu.
- Kulengedwa kwa banja latsopano pambuyo pa nthawiyi.

Timadontho-timadontho timakhala paokha moyo wawo wonse, kupatulapo nyengo yoswana. Nthaŵi zambiri sasintha malo awo okhala ndi kukhazikika mumsewu umodzi. Moles amagwiritsa ntchito minyewa ya musk kuti akope anzawo ndi nyama. Kuti apulumuke, amafunika kudya mphutsi zambiri, ndipo ngati ziwopsezedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa, amakulitsa njira yawo yodutsamo. Makonawa amatha kukhala opitilira mita zana ndipo amabwera m'mitundu iwiri: yopezera chakudya ndi nyumba. Komanso, timadontho-timadontho timafunikira madzi, motero timapanga njira zomwe zimapita kumadzi.

Malo okhala timadontho-timadontho ndi mitundu yawo

Banja la mole limakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zotakasuka. Komabe, amadziwikanso kuti ndi adani a wamaluwa, chifukwa kufunafuna kwawo nyama nthawi zambiri kumawafikitsa m'minda ndi m'minda momwe mumakhala mphutsi ndi tizilombo tina. Maukonde apansi panthaka a ngalandeyo amatha kuyambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kusokonezeka kwa malo ndi kukwera, komanso kuwononga mbewu zambiri. Timadontho-timadontho timakonda dothi lachonde ndipo timapewa madera a peaty kapena mchenga.

Komabe, kukhalapo kwa timadontho ting'onoting'ono m'minda yamasamba ndi minda yamaluwa kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa. Amamasula nthaka, kuti ikhale yofewa komanso yonyowa kwambiri, ndipo amathandizira kuchepetsa tizilombo towononga zomera. Timadontho-timadontho, ngakhale ntchito mobisa, musadye zomera ndi mizu mu chakudya chawo.

Chifukwa chake, malo akuluakulu okhala ndi moles ndi awa:

- Meadows.
- Nkhalango, makamaka mitengo yaing'ono ya birch ndi masamba obiriwira.
- Zowonongeka.
- Malo apafupi ndi misewu.
- Zithunzi za Garden.
- Mapaki atawuni.

Tinthu ting'onoting'ono timakonda madera amene kuwala kwadzuwa kochuluka komanso kumakhala ndi zakudya zambiri monga nyongolotsi, mphutsi ndi tizilombo. Chinthu chinanso chofunika kwambiri ndi chinyezi chochepa cha m'deralo. Timadontho-timadontho timapewa nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango za paini, madambo ndi malo okhala ndi mizu yolimba ya zomera. Kusankha malo okhala kumadaliranso nyengo, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya.

Kodi timadontho-timadontho timadya chiyani ndipo timadya chiyani?

Asayansi akhala akuchita chidwi ndi zakudya za timadontho-timadontho, ndipo zotsatira zafukufuku zatsimikizira kuti chakudya cha timadontho ting'onoting'ono chimachokera ku nyama zokha. Ulusi wa zomera ukhoza kulowetsedwa ndi tinthu tambirimbiri mwangozi kapena kudzera muzakudya za nyama monga nyongolotsi. Komabe, ngakhale chakudya chammera chikalowa m'thupi la mole, sichingathe kugaya, ndipo chimangodutsamo.

Pofunafuna chakudya, timadontho-timadontho timakumba ngalande zatsopano, makamaka pamene chakudya m'malo akale chatha. Ngati pali kusowa mwachizolowezi nyama, monga mphutsi, tizilombo ndi mphutsi, timadontho-timadontho tingadye ang'onoang'ono vertebrates, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale achule ndi makoswe.

Chifukwa cha zochita zawo mosalekeza mobisa, timanyere timawononga mphamvu zambiri ndipo timafunika chakudya chambiri kuti tibwererenso. Amakhala ndi metabolism yayikulu ndipo amatha kudya chakudya chomwe chimalemera kuposa kulemera kwawo (70-140 magalamu) tsiku lonse. Ngati mole ili ndi njala kwambiri, imatha kudya nyama, monga nyongolotsi, padziko lonse lapansi, koma ndi njala yocheperako, nyamayo imatengedwera mdzenje ndikuidya pamenepo.

Ma moles ali ndi metabolism yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imawalola kuti azigaya chakudya mwachangu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kugaya magalamu 50 a chakudya m'mphindi 30 zokha, ngakhale kuti m'mimba mwake mumangogwira magalamu 20 okha. Pambuyo pa maola 4-6 amakhala okonzekera chakudya chotsatira, ndipo pakati pa kudyetsa nthawi zambiri pamakhala nthawi yopuma pang'ono.

M'nyengo yozizira, timadontho-timadontho tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono komanso tating'onoting'ono, chifukwa amakumba pang'ono ndikuwononga mphamvu zochepa.

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino m'nyengo yozizira, timadontho-timadontho timatha kugwira mphutsi ndikungoluma mitu yawo, kuwasiya osasuntha koma amoyo. Nyongolotsi “zosasunthika” zimenezi amaziika m’mizere m’mphepete mwa makoma a njira zawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, timadontho-timadontho timafunikira madzi, choncho nthawi zonse sankhani malo okhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.

Kubala timadontho-timadontho

Kuthira manyowa aakazi kumayamba chakumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, ndipo nthawi ya bere ndi masabata 5-6. Pafupifupi, mkazi aliyense amabereka ana 5-6. Kawirikawiri, mkazi mmodzi amangokhala ndi lita imodzi pachaka, koma m'madera ena, monga ku Belarus, malita awiri amatha kuchitika.

Ana amphongo amadyetsedwa ndi amayi awo kwa milungu inayi. Akamakula, anawo amakhala aukali. Ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 4 miyezi amayamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziimira.

Kukhazikika kwa anthu okhala ndi mole kumachitika kuyambira koyambirira kwa Julayi ndikupitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Njirayi ndi yofulumira, chifukwa ana amatha kuyenda mofulumira mpaka mamita 5 pamphindi, ndipo mu maola 20 amatha kubisala mtunda wa mamita 650. Akuluakulu amatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri, kufika pa liwiro la mamita 50 mphindi 20.

Pali mitundu inayi ya ma moles omwe amapezeka ku Russia:

1. European mole (Talpa europaea) ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri yomwe imakhala m'dera la nkhalango ya ku Ulaya ku Russia. Mtundu uwu wa mole amaonedwa kuti ndi waukulu, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kufika 27 centimita ndi kulemera - 320 magalamu. Tsitsi lakumchira limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhudza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tibwerere chammbuyo mkati mwa ngalande zawo.

2. Altai mole (Talpa altaica) - yomwe imapezeka makamaka ku Siberia. Mtundu uwu ndi wachiwiri kukula pambuyo pa ku Ulaya, kufika masentimita 20 m'litali ndikulemera mpaka 230 magalamu. Matupi a Altai ali ndi maso otseguka, omwe ndi ovuta kuwazindikira mu ubweya wawo wandiweyani.

3. Mole wamng'ono (Talpa levantis) - amakhala ku Ciscaucasia ndi Caucasus. Mitundu iyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri pakati pa timadontho-timadontho, kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikudutsa 11 centimita ndipo kulemera kwawo ndi pafupifupi 30 magalamu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono simadya mphutsi, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya mole.

4. Mole wa Caucasian (Talpa caucasica) - amakhalanso ku Caucasus ndi Ciscaucasia. Mtundu uwu uli ndi mawonekedwe a karyotype omwe ali ndi ma chromosomes 38, mosiyana ndi 34 kapena 36 mwa mitundu ina. Kukula kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi, ndi kutalika kwa 14 centimita ndi kulemera kwa 40 mpaka 100 magalamu. Mitundu imeneyi ndi yosatetezedwa, kupatulapo mitundu ina yomwe imapezeka kumadzulo kwa Georgia.