Khoswe wamkulu wa mole ndi mawonekedwe ake: kusiyana ndi mole
Ngati pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa za timadontho-timadontho, ndiye kuti wamaluwa odziwa bwino komanso wamaluwa omwe adamvapo za makoswe a mole. Nyama zodabwitsazi zimawononga kwambiri zomera ndipo zimakhala zovuta kumuthamangitsa pamalopo.
Zamkatimu
dzina: Wamba, South Russian ndi ang'onoang'ono maso makoswe mole
Zaka.: Spalax microphthalmusMaphunziro: Zinyama - Mammalia
Gulu: Makoswe - Rodentia
Banja: Makoswe a mole - Spalacidae
 | Malo okhala: | munda |
 | Zowopsa kwa: | mizu, mababu ndi ma rhizomes |
 | Kufotokozera: | chaka chonse yogwira nyama ndi chilakolako chachikulu. |
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha makoswe a nyama
Makoswe ndi nyama zazing'ono za dongosolo la makoswe. Moyo wawo ndi wofanana ndi timadontho-timadontho, koma kunja kwake amakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu.
Mawonekedwe a nyama
Akuluakulu amatha kulemera mpaka magalamu 700 kapena kuposerapo. Thupi la nyamayo limafika kutalika kwa 20-32 cm ndipo lili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ozungulira. Ubweya wake ndi wokhuthala, waufupi, wopakidwa utoto wotumbululuka-bulauni.
Khosi likufotokozedwa mofooka. Miyendo ndi yaifupi kwambiri. Mchira sunapangidwe ndipo umabisika pansi pa khungu. Mutu ndi mbali yaikulu ya thupi la nyama ndipo imakhala yosalala. Nyamayo ilibe makutu, ndipo maso amabisika pansi pa khungu. Ma incisors amatchulidwa ndipo amakula pamilomo.
Moyo wa makoswe a mole
Khoswe wa mole pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ndizochitika kawirikawiri.
Nyama zimathera pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse mobisa. Dongosolo la dzenje la nyamayi ndi lalitali kwambiri ndipo lili ndi magawo awiri. Zomwe zimatchedwa "kudyetsa ndime" ndizotalika kwambiri ndipo zili pamtunda wa masentimita 20-25. Malo okhalamo makoswe amakhala ndi zisa zachilimwe ndi chisanu, komanso malo ogulitsa zakudya.
Mosiyana ndi timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho ta timadontho tomwe timapanga timadzi tambiri tomwe timapanga mothandizidwa ndi ma incisors. Kuchokera m'nthaka, yomwe nyamayo imakankhira kunja, machulu amapangidwa - "molekyu". M'mimba mwake mwa "makoswe" oterewa amatha kufika masentimita 50. Kutalika konse kwa kayendetsedwe kopangidwa ndi makoswe amodzi kumatha kufika 450 m.
Makoswe samagwera m'nyengo yozizira choncho amapeza zakudya zambiri. Masheya m'nyengo yozizira ya makoswe otere amatha kulemera 14 kg.
Kodi nyama imadya chiyani
The zakudya mole mole makoswe tichipeza makamaka zomera zakudya. Nyama imadyetsa mababu, ma tubers ndi ma rhizomes a zomera zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina makoswe amatha kudya timadontho tating'ono ndi masamba, zomwe amazikokera pansi pogwira rhizome.
Pakati pa nyengo yozizira ya nyama mungapeze ma acorns, anyezi, mbatata ndi beets.
Kubalana
Mdani mu malaya aubweya.
Makoswe a mole nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu a anthu 2-3, kuphatikiza wamwamuna m'modzi ndi akazi 1-2. Ngati m’banjamo muli akazi oposera m’modzi, amabweretsa ana motsatana.
Ana amabadwa m'chaka. Pa nthawi yomweyi, yaimuna imasiya yaikazi imene yabereka n’kupita kwa imene idzabereke mwana chaka chamawa.
M'mwana mmodzi, ana 2-3 amawonekera. Azimayi aang'ono amayamba kuchoka kwa amayi awo m'chaka choyamba atabadwa. Amakhazikika makamaka kumtunda, motero amafa asanakwanitse zaka ziwiri. Imfa pakati pa anyamata ndi yotsika kwambiri, chifukwa amachoka kwa amayi awo m'chaka chachiwiri ndikukhazikika mobisa.
Avereji ya moyo wa makoswe amtchire kuthengo ndi zaka 2,5-4. Zitsanzo zina zimatha kukhala zaka 9.
Malo okhala makoswe
Malo okhala makoswe amaphatikizapo steppe, nkhalango-steppe, theka-zipululu ndi zipululu. Nthawi zambiri, nyama imapezeka mu steppe ndi malo athyathyathya. Popeza makoswe amadya makamaka zakudya za m’mbewu, amasangalala kukhala m’malo odyetserako udzu ndi m’malo otsetsereka. Nthawi zina, makoswe amatha kupezeka kunja kwa nkhalango.
Ayi, izi ndi maganizo olakwika. Nyama ndi zosiyana, ngakhale zili ndi moyo wofanana.
Inde, ndipo mwamphamvu kwambiri. Koma samadziukira yekha, koma pokhapokha ngati adziteteza. Sanakhale ndi masomphenya konse ndipo zikachitika zoopsa amaukira aliyense ndi chilichonse, akungoyang'ana pakumva.
Ngakhale kuti anthuwa ndi ambiri, makoswe sangakumane nawo. Ngati igunda pamwamba mwangozi, imaundana, kumvetsera ndi kulunjika, kenako imabwerera kuti ikalowe mu dzenje lake.
Kodi makoswe amawononga bwanji munthu
Makoswe omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo a anthu amabweretsa zovuta zambiri komanso mavuto akulu. Kuvulaza kwakukulu kukhalapo kwa makoswe pamalopo zotsatirazi:
- kuphwanya maonekedwe okongola a madera a paki;
- kuwonongeka kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana m'minda ndi m'minda ya udzu;
- kuwonongeka kwa zomera m'minda ndi m'minda ya zipatso;
- kuwonongeka kwa mabedi amaluwa.
Momwe mungathanirane ndi tizilombo
Khoswe ndi makoswe omwe zizolowezi zake zimafanana kwambiri ndi mole. Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka, chifukwa cha zakudya zomwe amakonda. Kulimbana ndi makoswe a mole kumachitika ndi njira zofanana ndi timadontho-timadontho. Kuti mumve zambiri za iwo, tsatirani maulalo omwe ali pansipa pazolemba za portal.
Pomaliza
Makoswe a mole amachititsa mavuto ambiri kwa munthu, koma ngakhale izi, kupezeka kwawo kungakhale kopindulitsa. Makoswewa amagwira ntchito yofunikira pakulemeretsa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa dothi ndi zomera, ndipo zina mwa mitundu yawo zidalembedwanso mu Red Book.
Poyamba