Ntchentche zonga mavu - hoverflies: adani amizeremizere a wamaluwa ndi olima maluwa
Aliyense amazoloŵera kuti tizilombo touluka ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu ndi yakuda ndi mavu, omwe amaluma mopweteka, choncho muyenera kukhala kutali. Komabe, m'chilengedwe pali dipteran ina - ntchentche, yofanana ndi mavu ndi njuchi. Mosiyana ndi inzake, sichiluma, sichiika chiopsezo kwa anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri chimatengedwa ngati tizilombo topindulitsa.
Zamkatimu
- Common hoverfly: kufotokoza kwa tizilombo
- Kubereka ndi kakulidwe ka hoverfly
- Kodi mavu amakhala kuti?
- Mitundu ya hoverflies
- Kodi ntchentche ya mavu imabweretsa phindu lanji?
- Adani achilengedwe a hoverfly
- Momwe mungakokere ntchentche yowuluka kutsamba lanu
- Kuvulazidwa kotheka ndi ntchentche yong'ung'udza
- Njira zolimbana ndi hoverfly
- Mankhwala a anthu
- Njira zothandizira
Common hoverfly: kufotokoza kwa tizilombo
Ntchentche za mavu zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimawoneka zofanana, koma pali kusiyana kochepa. Maso a amuna amakhala pafupi kwambiri wina ndi mzake, pamene akazi ali ndi maso ang'onoang'ono ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mphumi yachilendo.
Mukayang'anitsitsa, mukhoza kuona kusiyana kwa m'munsi pamimba: mwa amuna mukhoza kuona maliseche, asymmetrical maliseche, mwa akazi mimba imakhala yosalala, maliseche samatchulidwa.
Mphutsi za Syrphid ndi mbozi zokhala ngati matope zomwe zimakwinya komanso zopapatiza kutsogolo. Kukula kwawo kumayambira 4 mpaka 18 mm, mtundu ukhoza kukhala wachikasu, pinki, bulauni kapena wobiriwira.
Kubereka ndi kakulidwe ka hoverfly
Kodi mavu amakhala kuti?
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mbalamezi zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula zipululu zotentha, Antarctica ndi tundra.
Mitundu ya hoverflies
Ntchentche za mavu nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa malinga ndi zizolowezi zodyera ndi moyo wa mphutsi zawo.
| Madzi | Amapezeka m'madzi ang'onoang'ono amadzi omwe ali ndi madzi osasunthika, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa la tsiku lamatope (madambo, nyanja, matope wamba). Mphutsi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera - mphukira yayitali, yomwe nthawi zambiri imalakwika ngati mchira. Kunena zowona, ndi chubu chopumira chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati snorkel ndipo chimathandiza kuti tizilombo tipume pansi pamadzi. |
| Mlimi wa njuchi | Dzina lina la iwo ndi udzu kapena agulugufe. Akuluakulu ndi akulu akulu akulu ndipo amadya timadzi tokoma tomera. Mphutsizi zimakhala mu manyowa, mosungiramo zomera zowola, komanso m’zimbudzi za anthu. Nthawi zina anthu amameza mazira a mlimi mwangozi, pambuyo pake mphutsi zimawonekera m'mimba ndikuyambitsa kukula kwa myiasis. |
| Mwachizolowezi | Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika 12 mm. Ntchentche zokhwima zimadya timadzi tokoma ndipo zimateteza kwambiri mungu wawo. Mphutsizi zimakhala zolusa ndipo zimadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga nsabwe za m'masamba. |
| Anyezi | Oimira amtunduwu ndi tizirombo ta mbewu zaulimi, zomwe ndi mbewu za bulbous. Azimayi akuluakulu amaikira mazira pa nthenga za anyezi wobiriwira, ndipo mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka zimawononga mababu, kuwapangitsa kuti ziwola. Kuphatikiza pa anyezi wobiriwira, ntchentche imakhudzanso mbewu zina: tulips, gladioli, daffodils. |
| Osovidnaya | Akuluakulu ndi akulu kwambiri - kutalika kwawo kumafika 20 mm. Amafanana kwambiri ndi mavu ndi njuchi. Mphutsizi zimadya kwambiri nkhuni zowola. |
Kodi ntchentche ya mavu imabweretsa phindu lanji?
Mphutsi zamitundu yambiri ya hummers zimadya tizilombo towononga tizilombo monga nsabwe za m'masamba, thrips, ziwala ndi tizilombo tina tofewa. Mphutsizi zimakwawa m'mitengo ndikukweza mitu yawo kuti zizindikire tizilombo. Akapeza nyama, amaigwira ndikuyamwa mouma, pambuyo pake amataya exoskeleton.
Mphutsi yaying'ono m'moyo wake imatha kuwononga tizirombo tambirimbiri ndipo imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi 70%.
Adani achilengedwe a hoverfly
Ntchentche za mavu zili ndi adani achilengedwe ochepa m'chilengedwe. Amadyedwa ndi mbalame ndi mitundu ina ya akangaude akuluakulu. Komanso, mitundu ina ya mavu parasitize hoverflies, ndipo akhoza kuwononga theka la anthu achinyamata tizilombo. Amalimbananso ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Kugwiritsa ntchito malonda a hoverflies
Ntchentche za mavu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda ngati m'malo mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wambiri: ndi yotetezeka ndipo sichitha ndalama.
Hoverflies amathandizira kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba onse patsamba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale 1 gramu. mankhwala poizoni.
Momwe mungakokere ntchentche yowuluka kutsamba lanu
Kuvulazidwa kotheka ndi ntchentche yong'ung'udza
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mitundu ina ya syrphid ndi tizirombo. Mwachitsanzo, ntchentche ya daffodil imaukira maluwa a bulbous: daffodils, gladioli ndi ena. Mphutsi zomwe sizinamalize kukula kwawo panthawiyi zimakwiriridwa pansi m'nyengo yozizira ndikulowa mu mababu. Zimadya mbali yake yamkati ndipo mbewuyo nthawi zambiri imafa, koma ngakhale ikapulumuka, imakula pang'onopang'ono m'nyengo yachisanu.
Njira zolimbana ndi hoverfly
Mitundu yambiri ya ma syrphid ndi tizilombo topindulitsa, koma ngati hoverfly iwonedwa pa anyezi kapena adyo, zikutanthauza kuti m'munda muli tizilombo tomwe tikuyenera kuthana nazo. Kuwononga zoipa mavu ntchentche, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala mankhwala ndi wowerengeka maphikidwe.
Mankhwala
Ngati pali tizirombo tambiri, ndiye m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mankhwala a anthu
Ngati palibe majeremusi ambiri patsamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe a anthu:
- Ammonia. 5 tbsp. chepetsani gawo lalikulu mu 10 malita. madzi. Thirirani zomera ndi nthaka ndi zotsatira zake.
- Copper sulphate. Mukakolola, thirirani nthaka ndi mankhwalawo.
- Phulusa la nkhuni, ufa wa fodya. Kuwaza nthaka ndi zinthu zambiri.
- Karoti. Hoverflies sangathe kupirira fungo la kaloti, kotero kuti awopsyeze, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala masambawa pafupi ndi anyezi ndi kaloti.
- Urea. ku 10l. kuchepetsa madzi ndi 1 tbsp. l. chinthu chachikulu, kuchitira nthaka ndi njira yothetsera.
Njira zothandizira
- Pofuna kupewa ntchentche zovulaza za mavu kuti zisawonekere pamalopo, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbeu: musabzale mbewu za bulbous pamalo amodzi nyengo iliyonse.
- Muyeneranso kumasula nthaka mosamala kuti muwononge mphutsi zomwe zabisala mmenemo, ndikuumitsa zokolola padzuwa kwa masiku 3-4.
- Musanabzale, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulowetse mbewu ya anyezi mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate, kuwaza mbewu zotsalazo ndi choko chatha (20 magalamu a choko pa 1 kg ya mbewu).