Horsflies: chithunzi ndi khalidwe la tizilombo toyamwa magazi
Chilimwe fungo la zipatso zatsopano, usiku kwambiri komanso mawondo ofufutika. Ndi kuwala koyambirira kwa dzuŵa, zamoyo zonse zimadzuka. Ndipo ngati ena ali opindulitsa, ena amangokwiyitsa ndi phokoso lawo ndi kufunitsitsa kwawo, pali omwe angawononge kwambiri enawo. Izi ndizo ntchentche.
Zamkatimu
Horsflies: chithunzi
Kufotokozera za tizilombo
dzina: Akhungu
Zaka.:TabanidaeMaphunziro: Tizilombo - Tizilombo
Gulu: Diptera - Diptera
 | Malo okhala: | kulikonse |
 | Zowopsa kwa: | ziweto, anthu |
 | Njira zowonongera: | misampha, mankhwala |
Horsflies ndi banja lalikulu la tizilombo ta Diptera. Zili ponseponse ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo komanso nyengo. Amapezeka paliponse kupatula Antarctica, Iceland ndi zilumba za Hawaii.
Anthu amene ankakhala m’mudzimo n’kusunga nyumba amazidziwa bwino ntchentche zazikuluzikuluzi. Ntchentche zimakhala ndi ng'ombe ndi akavalo. Akazi kudya magazi a ungulates kuwonjezera timadzi tokoma.
Horflies amanyamula ma virus angapo, mabakiteriya, ma helminths ndi protozoa omwe amayambitsa matenda kwa anthu ndi ziweto.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Tizilomboti timadutsa magawo angapo a moyo. Izi ndi mazira, mphutsi, pupae ndi akuluakulu.
Kukula kwawo kumatha kukhala kosiyana ndi 1,3 mm mpaka 3 mm. Mtundu wawo umadalira momwe amakulira. Zamdima zimakhala zambiri kumadera a kumpoto kuti zitenge kuwala. Malingana ndi mtunduwo, akhoza kukhala mumagulu amodzi kapena angapo, mwa mawonekedwe a piramidi, fan kapena dontho.
Maonekedwewo akhoza kukhala fusiform kapena peyala. Zitha kukhala zoyera, zofiirira, zofiirira kapena zobiriwira zakuda. Kutalika kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu, kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 cm.
Zimakhala zofiirira, miyendo, maso, ndi mapiko. Kutalika kumasiyanasiyana kutengera 9 mpaka 35 mm. Amatha kukula m'madzi kapena m'nthaka. Amadya kwambiri, ngakhale amakonda kudya anthu.
wamkulu, imago
Imago mwachangu kwambiri amakhala moyo wawo. Amuna amakhala osapitilira masiku 7, ndipo ali mu ukapolo amatha mpaka masabata atatu. Akazi amakhala nthawi yayitali, koma osapitilira mwezi umodzi.
| Mutu | Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi maso akuluakulu, koma pali omwe amachepetsedwa. Pali tinyanga ndi zida zoboola mkamwa. |
| Pesi | Dipatimentiyi yagawidwa m'magawo atatu. Mabere ndi migolo iwiri, iwo yokutidwa ndi tsitsi. |
| Mapiko | Atakula bwino, peyala imodzi. |
| Miyendo | Miyendo itatu, kumbuyo kwake pali ma spurs amphamvu. |
| Pamimba | Chotambalala, chophwanyika pang'ono. Pamapeto pa copulatory zida. |
Moyo wa akulu
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, tizilombo tothamanga kwambiri ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya ntchentche. Liwiro lake ndi 145 km/h.
Momwe mungachotsere horsefly
M’moyo wawo, ntchentche za akavalo zimawononga kwambiri chuma. Kuukira kwawo kwakukulu pa ziweto kumachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira komanso mphamvu. Zadziwika kuti ng'ombe ndi mbuzi zachepetsanso kupanga mkaka. Amakhala ndi matenda oopsa:
- poliyo;
- tularemia;
- matenda a anthrax;
- trypanosomiasis.
Kuluma kwa anthu ndikowopsa - kumayambitsa kutupa ndi kutupa.
Njira zamakina
Izi ndi njira zothandizira kugwira ntchentche, zakufa kapena zamoyo. Zabwino kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi njira zotere.
Mankhwala
ntchentche.
Muulimi, ndi kudzikundikira kwa nyama zovulaza, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali magulu atatu akuluakulu a iwo:
- Phosphorous organic. Zinthu zimalowa ndikupangitsa ziwalo. Dichlorvos, Umafos, Karbofos ndizosavuta komanso zothandiza.
- pyrethroids. Gwirizanani ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwira ntchito pamagawo onse akukula ndi chitukuko. Izi ndi Sumitrin, Fenvalerate, Bioalletrin.
- Kukonzekera ndi chlorine. Zosakaniza za bactericidal ndi oxidizing zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Uyu ndi Lindane, Methoxychlor.
Chitetezo
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse kumatanthauza kukhudzana nawo mwachindunji. Kuti mutetezeke, tsatirani njira zosavuta izi:
- Gwirani ntchito ndi magolovesi.
- Osadya komanso osasuta panthawiyi.
- Chitani njira zodzitetezera (kukhetsa madambo ndi madamu).
Pomaliza
Ntchentche zazikuluzikulu zimatha kuwononga ulimi komanso kusokoneza anthu. Amanyamula matenda ndipo amaluma mopweteka. Tizilombo zowuluka zikawoneka, muyenera kuyambitsa ndewu mwachangu.
Poyamba