Nsabwe za m'masamba - tizilombo tating'ono m'munda wonse: kudziwana
M'munda ndi m'munda wamasamba, tizilombo towononga nthawi zambiri timapanga gulu la zomera zomwe zimabzalidwa. Amawononga mbewu zamasamba ndi zipatso, komanso mitengo yambiri. Chimodzi mwa tizirombozi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Zamkatimu
Momwe aphid amawonekera: chithunzi
Kufotokozera za tizilombo
dzina: subfamily Aphid
Zaka.:AphidoideaMaphunziro: Tizilombo - Insecta
Gulu: Hemiptera - Hemiptera
 | Malo okhala: | kulikonse |
 | Zopadera: | tizilombo tating'onoting'ono |
 | Zowononga: | oimira mitundu kudya zomera kuyamwa, akhoza kuwononga kwathunthu |
Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya tizilombo - tizilombo. Pazonse pali mitundu yopitilira 3500. Tizilombo timalumikizana m'magulu akuluakulu, timakhala m'minda yonse ndi zomera zamkati.
Kuopsa kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kwagona pakuyamwa timadziti ndi kufala kwa mavairasi ku zomera.
Zomwe zimapangidwira thupi
Maonekedwe a thupi amakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa tizilombo. Koma pali magawo ambiri omwe tizilombo timafanana nawo.
Maonekedwe a thupi akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a: ellipse, hemisphere, dontho, dzira, oval. Kukula kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 0,3 - 0,8 mm. Thupi limakhala lowonekera komanso lofewa. Mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda umagwirizana ndi mtundu wa zomera zomwe zimakhalapo. Pa thupi pali ma tubercles, outgrowths, fluff, tsitsi.
Mutu ndi trapezoid ndi tinyanga. Ali ndi ziwalo zakumva ndi kukhudza. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi tizilombo tina ndiko masomphenya abwino kwambiri. Maso ali ochuluka. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira, ofiirira kapena akuda.
Zida zapakamwa zimatchedwa mtundu woyamwa. Ndi chithandizo chake, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaboola pamwamba pa zomera ndikufika kumadzi. Anthu ena amakhala ndi ma proboscises aatali komanso akuthwa, ena onse amakhala ndi aafupi komanso osawoneka bwino.
Maonekedwe a chifuwa amakhudzidwa ndi mapiko ndi siteji ya chitukuko. Tizilombo sitingakhale mapiko okha, komanso opanda mapiko. Ntchito yodumpha imachitidwa ndi miyendo yopyapyala komanso yayitali.
Mimba imakhala ndi magawo 9. Magawo 7 oyamba okhala ndi ma spiracles. Zina zonse zili ndi machubu amadzimadzi omwe ali ndi ntchito yobisika komanso yotulutsa. Gawo lomaliza losatukuka lili ndi mchira waubweya.
Habitat
Tizilombo timakonda malo okhala ndi nyengo yofunda komanso yachinyontho. Nyengo imathandizira kuchotsedwa kwa mibadwo yambiri panyengoyi. Aphid amakhala m'madera akuluakulu, kuyambira ku Siberia mpaka kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.
Kusintha kwa kutentha, chilala ndi mvula yambiri zimalepheretsa kuberekana.
Aphid zakudya
Tizilombo timadya pansi pa masamba, zimayambira, masamba, maluwa, nsonga za mphukira zazing'ono.
Favorite kuchitira - masamba madzizomwe zili ndi ma amino acid ndi ma carbohydrate. Tizilombo timatulutsa madzi okoma omwe nyerere zimakonda. Pachifukwa ichi, nyerere zimazungulira nsabwe za m'masamba.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Mitundu yodziwika bwino
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mitundu pafupifupi 1000 imakhala ku Europe. Pakati pa otchuka kwambiri, pali angapo a mitundu yofala kwambiri.
| tsamba ndulu | Zowonongeka zoyera, zakuda, zofiira currants. |
| Beet kapena nyemba | Amadyetsa beets, mbatata, nyemba, mbewu za poppy, jasmine, viburnum, mpendadzuwa zimayambira ndi masamba. |
| Nkhaka kapena mphonda | Zimawononga mavwende, vwende, dzungu, nkhaka, fodya, mtedza, sesame, beet, citrus, eucalyptus. |
| kabichi | Amagwiritsa ntchito radish, radish, kabichi. |
| Mphesa | Amadya mphesa zokha. |
| Karoti | Amawononga kaloti ndi zomera za maambulera |
| Nsabwe za m'masamba pa maluwa | The zakudya tichipeza maluwa, ananyamuka m'chiuno, mapeyala, apulo mitengo, strawberries. |
| Green apple | Amadya apulo, peyala, cotoneaster, medlar, shadberry, quince, phulusa lamapiri, hawthorn. |
| Mbatata yaikulu | Zakudya zikuphatikizapo mbatata, beets, kabichi, tomato, wowonjezera kutentha ndi zomera zamkati. |
| pichesi wamkulu | Amadya pichesi, amondi, maula a chitumbuwa, maula, ma apricots, mitengo ya mtedza. |
| pichesi aphid | Amadyetsa maula, pichesi, chitumbuwa maula, fodya, kabichi, mbatata, biringanya, tsabola, radish, katsabola, nkhaka, parsley, letesi, wowonjezera kutentha mbewu. |
| watsitsi | Kuwononga zomera zamkati ndi wowonjezera kutentha, zipatso za citrus, mphesa. |
| Chipinda | Osasankha zakudya. |
Zovulaza kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kutchedwa kuti tizilombo toopsa kwambiri.
Tizilombo kudya zofunika madzi a mizu ndi mphukira. Pachifukwa ichi, fruiting yafupika. Nthawi zina mitengo, zitsamba, mbewu zamasamba zimafa kwathunthu.
Komabe, pali njira zowononga tizilombo.
Njira zomenyera nkhondo
Nsabwe za m'masamba pa zomera.
Njira zokhazikika zothana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba patsamba lino zimakhala ndi njira zingapo.
- Kuyeretsa bwalo la thunthu.
- Kuchotsa nyerere pamalopo.
- Kuyeretsa thupi la ziwalo zowonongeka.
Njira zonse zitha kugawidwa mwachikhalidwe, zachilengedwe, zakuthupi kapena zamankhwala.
Kumanani ndi kusankha njira yothandiza yochotsera nsabwe za m'masamba pamalopo pakati pa 26 zotheka m'nkhaniyi.
Njira zothandizira
Pofuna kupewa nsabwe za m'masamba pamitengo ya zipatso ndi mbewu, pali zofunikira zingapo zofunika kuziwona. Lamulo loyamba komanso lofunikira ndikuti dimba lathanzi silimadwala tizirombo.
- M'dzinja, yeretsani malo ku zinyalala ndi zovunda.
- Pavuli paki, dunani ndi kupoza.
- Yeretsani mitengo kawiri pa nyengo.
- Chotsani nyerere ndi tinjira.
- Dyetsani, koma osakokomeza kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni.
Chochititsa chidwi: Anthu aku Irani amapanga chida choledzeretsa chotengera tizilombo, chofanana ndi zomwe zili ndi aphrodisiacs.
Pomaliza
Nsabwe za m'masamba nthawi zambiri zimapita kudera lofooka. Koma ndi chisamaliro choyenera, kuchotsa tizilombo sikudzakhala vuto. Ngati tizilombo tating'ono talowa kale, muyenera kusankha njira yosavuta yomenyera nkhondo.
