Nsabwe za m'masamba pa kabichi: momwe mungasamalire banja la cruciferous kuti mutetezedwe
Kabichi angatchedwe mmodzi wa ambiri ankafuna mbewu. Amawonjezeredwa ku saladi ndi mbale zotentha. Pankhani imeneyi, kwambiri mbewu kabichi ayenera kutetezedwa ku tizirombo. Chowopsa kwambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera za tizilombo
dzina: kabichi aphid
Zaka.: Brevicoryne brassicaeMaphunziro: Tizilombo - Insecta
Poyizoni woipa: Hemiptera - Hemiptera
Banja: Nsabwe zenizeni - Aphididae
 | Malo okhala: | nyengo yabwino |
 | Zopadera: | imawononga kwambiri cruciferous |
 | Zowononga: | Chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mbewu mpaka 60% |
Thupi la aphid likhoza kukhala lozungulira kapena looneka ngati peyala. Kukula kumayambira 1,8 mpaka 2,3 mm. Chida chapakamwa ndi chamtundu woboola. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi mapiko komanso opanda mapiko.
Woyambitsayo ndi wofanana ndi anthu otsatirawa. Ali ndi thupi lalikulu lomwe lili ndi zikhadabo zingapo ndi ma spitz. Mapiko akusowa. Mtundu wobiriwira. Pathupi pali zokutira zotuwa.
Kukula kwa namwali wopanda mapiko kumayambira 1 mpaka 8 mm. Thupi lili ndi mawonekedwe a ellipsoidal. Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira wotuwa. Mutu ndi wofiirira. Kuchokera ku gawo loyamba la mimba pali mikwingwirima yofiirira. Tinyanga ndi miyendo ya mthunzi wofanana.
Kukula kwa namwali wamapiko kumayambira 1,5 mpaka 2,3 mm wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa ellipsoid komanso mungu wotuwa. Mutu, ndevu, miyendo bulauni. Mimba ndi yobiriwira yachikasu. Pamimba pali mikwingwirima yofiirira komanso madontho am'mphepete. Zikwapu zimakhala zazitali kuposa za anthu opanda mapiko.
Kukula kwa amphigon wamkazi ndi 1,8 mpaka 2 mm. Thupi ndi udzu wobiriwira popanda pollination. Pamutu pali malo ofiirira komanso gawo 8. Pachifuwa ndi m'mimba ndi mawanga am'mimba.
Mapiko aamuna ali ndi kukula kwa 1,4 mpaka 1,8 mm. Pamimba yachikasu kapena yachikasu-yobiriwira pali mizere inayi ya madontho a bulauni ndi akuda.
Mazirawa ndi akuda komanso onyezimira. Maonekedwe a mazira ndi oval-elongated.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Nsabwe za m'masamba imabereka mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Umu ndi momwe moyo wonse umakhalira:
- Malo osungira mazira ndi tsinde, tsinde la masamba a kabichi, namsongole wakutchire wa banja la Cruciferous.
- Nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mphutsi imagwera kumapeto kwa April - koyambirira kwa May.
- Kuyambira masiku 10 mpaka 15 amadyetsa. Pambuyo pake, amakhala akazi oyambitsa. Mkazi aliyense amatha kupanga anthu 40.
Kabichi aphid.
- The tizilombo ili pa phesi kapena tsamba tsamba. Chifukwa cha partogenesis, anamwali opanda mapiko amawonekera.
- Pambuyo pa mibadwo 2 - 3, akazi okhala ndi mapiko amawonekera. Tizilombo timasamukira ku zomera zina. Kenako panabwera amuna. Nthawi yokwerera ikatha, zazikazi zimaikira mazira m'nyengo yozizira. M'chaka pakhoza kukhala mibadwo 20.
- Kutentha koyenera kwambiri kumayambira 22 mpaka 26 digiri Celsius. Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 60%. Kuphulika kwa mphutsi kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kutentha kuchokera ku madigiri 7 kutentha.
- Pansi pa chipale chofewa, tizilombo timatha kupirira chisanu mpaka madigiri 15. Kuika mazira kumathera pa kutentha m'munsimu 14 digiri.
Malo okhala ndi kugawa
Kabichi nsabwe za m'masamba zimapezeka m'dziko lililonse padziko lapansi. Anthu ambiri amakhala ku Europe, Central Asia, North America, North Africa, Australia, New Zealand. Kupatulapo mu Russian Federation ndi Far North.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti m'madera otentha, chitukuko chonse cha anthu sichichitika. Tizilombo sitikhala m’madera otere.
Kufunika kwachuma
Chomera chokhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Kabichi aphid ndi mdani woopsa kwambiri wa Brassicaceae. Kuwononga kabichi ndi radishes kwambiri. Tizilombo timadyanso radish, yarutka, thumba la abusa, colza, kugwiriridwa, mpiru.
Tizilombo imayamwa madzi, pali kupindika kwa machende ndi chitukuko kuchedwa. Masamba amayamba kusanduka achikasu ndikusintha mtundu. The thumba losunga mazira a mitu ya kabichi kukhala kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo musanene kulemera. Amawonetsa kutulutsa kwamphamvu. Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zonyamulira ma virus. Ndi kubalana kwakukulu, gawo la mbewu likhoza kuchepetsedwa mpaka 60%.
Zizindikiro zakunja za mawonekedwe
Tizilombo tomwe timayamwa madzi a masamba a kabichi. Masamba owonongeka amakhala opanda mtundu wokhala ndi pinki. Pang'onopang'ono, masamba amafa. Chifukwa chake, mutu wa kabichi sunapangidwe. Gulu la tizilombo limafanana ndi phulusa kapena phulusa.
Pad kapena nsabwe za m'masamba zimawola. Mphukira za Brussels zimamera mozama kwambiri. Beijing kabichi ndi olumala. Zimatenga mawonekedwe a domed.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nsabwe za m'masamba ndi chonyamulira cha matenda opitilira 20 a virus, omwe amakhudza kuchepa kwa zokolola.
Njira zomenyera nkhondo
- Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuwonongedwa.
- Kokerani nyongolotsi ndi ma ladybugs. Kuti muchite izi, bzalani allisum, cilantro, katsabola.
- Chithandizo cha decoction ya adyo chidzakhalanso chothandiza kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, 0,8 kg ya adyo imaphwanyidwa ndi chopukusira nyama. Onjezerani malita 10 a madzi otentha. Izi osakaniza ndi yowiritsa kwa 2 hours. The yankho kuchepetsedwa pakati ndi madzi ndi sprayed.
- Pazachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito Bitoxibacillin, Actofit ndikoyenera. Pakawonongeka kwambiri, mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Full House, Movento, Prime, Actellik, Borey ndi oyenera.
- Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito decoctions wamba ndi phulusa la nkhuni, fodya, nsonga za mbatata ndi peel ya anyezi. Chosavuta kwambiri ndi madzi a sopo.
- Njira za agrotechnical anganene kuti:
- kuletsa udzu panthawi yake;
- kulima bwino mbewu;
- kuwononga ndi kuwotcha zotsalira za zomera;
- kukumba mozama kwa nthaka, kulima m'dzinja ndi kuvutitsa m'chaka;
- kubzala zomera zomwe zidzawopsyeze tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi fungo lawo (tomato, kaloti).
Mndandanda wa Njira 26 zowononga nsabwe za m'masamba zidzakuthandizani kusankha njira yoyenera yowononga tizilombo.
Pomaliza
Maonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba amawopseza kwambiri kuwonongeka kwaulimi. Zizindikiro zoyamba zikapezeka, njira iliyonse imasankhidwa ndipo kabichi imakonzedwa. Komabe, njira zodzitetezera zidzalepheretsa kuukira kwa tizilombo tosafunikira pamalowo.
