Zomwe Colorado mbatata kachilomboka amadya: mbiri ya ubale ndi tizilombo
Chaka chilichonse, wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amayenera kuteteza mbewu zawo ku tizirombo tosiyanasiyana, chifukwa kwa zaka zambiri, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, tizilombo komanso mbalame zawononga mbewuzo. Mmodzi mwa ochita zoipa kwambiri m'munda ndi kachilomboka kodziwika bwino ka Colorado mbatata ndipo idayamba ntchito yake yovulaza posachedwa.
Zamkatimu
Kodi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata kamawoneka bwanji: chithunzi
Kufotokozera za tizilombo
Colorado mbatata kachilomboka wotchedwanso mbatata tsamba kachilomboka. Mtundu uwu ndi wa banja lalikulu masamba kafadala ndipo ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo todziwika bwino m'munda.
dzina: Colorado beetle, kachilomboka katsamba ka mbatata
Zaka.: Leptinotarsa decemlineataMaphunziro: Tizilombo - Tizilombo
Gulu: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Banja: Zikumbu zamasamba - Chrysomelidae
 | Malo okhala: | kulikonse kupatula madera ozizira |
 | Zowopsa kwa: | mbatata, tomato, nightshades zina |
 | Njira zowonongera: | kusonkhanitsa pamanja, biopreparations, mankhwala |
Maonekedwe
Colorado kachilomboka.
Colorado mbatata kafadala ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake ndipo kutalika kwa akuluakulu sikuposa 8-12 mm. Thupi Ndilowoneka ngati lozungulira, lopindika mwamphamvu pamwamba komanso pansi. elytra wa Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi yosalala, yonyezimira, kuwala chikasu, yokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yaitali.
Maselo a membranous opangidwa bwino amabisika pansi pa elytra. mapiko, mothandizidwa ndi zimene chikumbuchi chimatha kuuluka mtunda wautali. pronotum tizilombo ndi utoto lalanje ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi mawanga wakuda akalumikidzidwa ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana.
Larva
Mphutsi Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi wautali pang'ono kuposa kafadala akuluakulu ndipo thupi lawo limatha kufika 15-16 mm. Kunja, amawoneka ngati mphutsi za ladybug. Thupilo limapakidwa utoto wofiira kwambiri, ndipo m’mbali mwake muli mizere iwiri ya madontho akuda. Mutu ndi miyendo ya mphutsi ndi zakuda.
Zakudya za chakudya
Pakati pa zomera zam'munda, chakudya chachikulu cha Colorado mbatata kafadala ndi mbatata. Chaka chilichonse, unyinji wa nsikidzi zamizeremizere zimawononga minda yonse yachikhalidwe chodziwika bwino. Komabe, mndandanda wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda siwokhala ndi mbatata, ndipo zakudya za Colorado mbatata kachilomboka zingakhalenso:
- eggplants;
- tsabola wa belu;
- Tomato
- zomera za banja la nightshade.
Kuzungulira kwa chitukuko
Kakulidwe ka Colorado mbatata kafadala, monga momwe tizilombo tina tomwe timachitira, tili ndi magawo anayi:
- dzira. Mazira amaikidwa ndi aakazi akuluakulu pansi pa masamba a zomera zomwe zimakonda;
Kuzungulira kwa moyo wa Colorado mbatata kachilomboka.
- mphutsi. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mphutsi zimawonekera m'mazira, zomwe zimadziunjikira zakudya kwa masiku 15-20 ndikubisala kumtunda kwa dothi kuti zibereke;
- chrysalis. M'nyengo yofunda, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatuluka mu pupa mu masabata 2-3;
- imago. Ngati pupae imachitika m'dzinja, ndiye kuti pupae imalowa mu diapause ndipo kafadala amabadwa pambuyo pachisanu.
Habitat
Pakali pano, Colorado mbatata kachilomboka amakhala kumadera ambiri a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Tizilombo toopsa takhazikika bwino m'zigawo zotsatirazi:
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
- Europe;
- ku Baltic;
- Transcaucasia;
- Belarus ndi Ukraine;
- Ural;
- Siberia;
- Far East.
Mbiri ya kupeza ndi kugawa
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, tizilombo towopsa tinapezeka mu 1824 m'mapiri a Rocky.
Migrant kachilomboka.
Wopeza zamoyozo anali katswiri wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso katswiri wa zachilengedwe Thomas Say. Anagwira chikumbu chamizeremizerechi chikudya masamba a nyanga za nightshade.
Kachikumbu wa mbatata wa ku Colorado analandira dzina lake lodziwika patapita zaka 35 kuchokera pamene anatulukira, pamene anawononga minda yaikulu ya mbatata ku Colorado. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, mitunduyi inafalikira ku North America ndipo inayamba ku Ulaya. Pomaliza kukhala ku Eastern Hemisphere, Colorado mbatata kachilomboka anapambana pa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse.
Kodi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata kamayambitsa bwanji?
Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo toopsa m'munda, pamene akuluakulu ndi mphutsi za mibadwo yonse zimawononga zomera. Ngati tizilombo tamizeremizere tawoneka pamabedi, ichi ndi chizindikiro kuti ndikofunikira kuti muyambe kulimbana ndi tizilombo.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti timakhala ndi chilakolako "chankhanza" ndipo timatha kuwononga minda yonse ndi zomera zodyera m'kanthawi kochepa.
Njira zopewera kachilomboka
Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20, anthu akhala akugwira ntchito mwakhama kulimbana ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata ya colorado. Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga tizilombo towopsa.
Mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo apangidwa kuti aphe kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata. Odziwika kwambiri mwa iwo anali mankhwala Mtsogoleri, Actellik 500 EC, Decis, Aktara ndi Arrivo.
Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa matenda, pamene chiwerengero cha tizilombo sichinafike pamlingo wovuta kwambiri.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, alimi odziwa zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabedi a mulching, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi infusions ndi decoctions, komanso kubzala mbewu zomwe zimathamangitsa tizilombo.
Njirayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito biopreparations yotengera mabakiteriya ndi bowa, komanso kukopa adani achilengedwe a Colorado mbatata kachilomboka kumalo.
Zochititsa chidwi za Colorado mbatata kachilomboka
Colorado mbatata kafadala ndi otchuka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Poyang'ana ndikuwerenga tizilombo towononga izi, anthu adawona zinthu zingapo zosangalatsa:
- ndi amodzi mwa tizirombo tolimba kwambiri ndipo, m'mikhalidwe yovuta, amatha kutha kwa zaka zitatu;
- Colorado mbatata kafadala amawulukira makamaka nyengo yamphepo, chifukwa chake amatha kuthamanga mpaka 7 km pa ola;
- pozindikira kuti ngozi yayandikira, kakumbuyo kochenjera kumagwa pansi ndi mimba yawo n’kumanamizira kuti yafa.
Pomaliza
Anthu akhala akumenyana ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata ku Colorado kwa zaka zoposa zana, ndipo ngakhale ayesetsa kwambiri, tizilombo ta mizeremizere timabwereranso mobwerezabwereza. Njira yokhayo yoyenera yopulumutsira mbewu ndiyo kukonzedwa kosalekeza kwa mabedi ndi kukhazikitsa njira zodzitetezera.
Poyamba