Kuyeza Matenda a Tick: Algorithm Yowunikira Parasite Kuti Mudziwe Chiwopsezo Chotenga Kachilombo.
Mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, nkhupakupa sizimangogwira ntchito m’chilimwe. Yoyamba kuukira bloodsuckers amadziwika kumayambiriro kasupe, ndipo amapita hibernation kokha mochedwa autumn. Kulumidwa kwawo kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu, ndipo kuti muyambe njira zodzitetezera pakapita nthawi pambuyo pa nkhupakupa, muyenera kudziwa ngati kachilomboka kanali ndi matenda. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiganizire pasadakhale komwe mungatengere chiphaso chochotsedwa kuti muwunike.
Zamkatimu
Kumene nkhupakupa zimakhala
Nkhupakupa za Ixodes, zomwe ndi zowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, zimakhala m'nkhalango komanso kudera lamapiri. Malo omwe amawakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana. Tizilombo timene timapezeka m’munsi mwa mitsinje ya m’nkhalango, pa kapinga, m’zitsamba zowirira. Posachedwapa, nkhupakupa zikuukira anthu ndi nyama m'matawuni: mapaki, mabwalo ngakhale mabwalo.
N’chifukwa chiyani nkhupakupa ndi zowopsa kwa anthu?
Choopsa chachikulu cha majeremusi chagona pakutha kunyamula matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda oopsa.
Matenda ofala kwambiri a nkhupakupa ndi awa:
- encephalitis;
- borreliosis (matenda a Lyme);
- piroplasmosis;
- erlichiosis;
- anaplasmosis.
Matendawa amakhala chifukwa cha chilema cha munthu, kuchititsa kwambiri minyewa ndi maganizo matenda, ndi kuwononga ziwalo zamkati. Vuto lowopsa kwambiri la encephalitis: Nthawi zina, zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala zakupha.
Momwe mungapewere kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa
Kutsatira malamulo osavuta mukamayenda m'nkhalango kumathandizira kupewa kuukira kwa magazi, chifukwa chake, kutenga ma virus owopsa:
- kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitchinjiriza: kukonzekera zodzitetezera ndi acaricidal monga zopopera ndi ma aerosols kwa anthu, makolala ndi madontho a nyama;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zamitundu yowala - ndikosavuta kuzindikira tizilombo tomwe tikukhalamo munthawi yake;
- zovala zakunja ziyenera kuyikidwa mu thalauza, kumapeto kwa thalauza - mu masokosi ndi nsapato;
- khosi ndi mutu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mpango kapena hood;
- poyenda, kuwunika pafupipafupi kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti pakhale nkhupakupa pathupi ndi zovala.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati walumidwa ndi nkhupakupa
Mafunsowo ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuperekedwa ku labotale mkati mwa maola 24 atalumidwa. Kuti muchotse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi bwino kulankhulana ndi malo ovulala kapena chipatala pamalo omwe mumakhala.
Mukachotsa nkhupakupa nokha, muyenera kutsatira malangizo awa:
Tizilombo sayenera kukhudzidwa ndi manja opanda kanthu, khungu liyenera kutetezedwa ndi magolovesi kapena zidutswa za nsalu.
Pochotsa, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera - twister kapena pharmacy tweezers, komabe, pakalibe zida zotere, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma tweezers wamba kapena ulusi.
Nkhupakupa iyenera kugwidwa pafupi ndi khungu momwe zingathere.
Simungathe kukoka, yesetsani kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkhupakupa imatulutsidwa mosavuta ndi kupotoza.
Mukalumidwa, muyenera kuchiza chilondacho ndi mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo.
Komwe mungabweretse tiki kuti muunike
Nkhupakupa imatengedwa ku labotale ya microbiological kuti iunike. Monga lamulo, ma laboratories oterowo amapezeka pakatikati pa ukhondo ndi miliri, komanso m'malo ambiri azachipatala apadera.
Kafukufuku wa labotale wa nkhupakupa
Ochotsa bloodsuckers amawunikidwa m'njira ziwiri:
- PCR - DNA / RNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a encephalitis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis ndi ehrlichiosis, rickettsiosis.
- ELISA ndi antigen wa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a encephalitis.
Chizindikiro cha cholinga cha phunziro
Ndi bwino kutenga Mafunso Chongani kusanthula muzochitika zonse popanda kupatula. Izi zidzalola kuti mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka kuwunika kuopsa kwa matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa ndi kutenga njira zoyenera panthawi yake.
Kukonzekera njirayi
Tizilombo totengedwa ndi chidutswa cha thonje yonyowa ayenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chapadera kapena chidebe china chilichonse chokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba.
Nkhupakupa zingapo zotengedwa kwa anthu osiyanasiyana siziyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chimodzi.
Tizilombo tamoyo titha kusungidwa mufiriji kutentha kwa +2-8 digiri musanayese. Chifukwa cha chiopsezo chokhala ndi encephalitis ndi nthawi ya phunziroli, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nkhupakupa iwunikenso tsiku lochotsa.
Chongani poyezetsa matenda
Kupatsirana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumachitika panthawi yoyamwa nkhupakupa kwa wozunzidwayo. Komanso, causative wothandizira matenda ndi matenda mawonetseredwe a matenda akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira zake
Nthawi ya maphunziro a PCR ikhoza kukulitsidwa pamene mayesero otsimikizira achitidwa.
Kuchita bwino
Ngati zotsatira za kusanthula ndi zoipa, mawonekedwe adzasonyeza "sanapezeke". Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe zidutswa zenizeni za RNA kapena DNA za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ogwidwa ndi nkhupakupa zomwe zidapezeka m'thupi la nkhupakupa.
Zizindikiro za decoding
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, maphunzirowa amachokera ku kuzindikira kwa DNA ndi RNA zidutswa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zizindikiro zilibe mawonekedwe ochulukira, amatha kuzindikirika (ndiye kuyankha kwa labotale kudzawonetsa "kupezedwa") kapena ayi (yankho lidzawonetsa "sanapezeke").
Kufotokozera mayina a tizilombo tomwe timanyamula nkhupakupa:
- Nkhupakupa ofalitsidwa encephalitis Virus, TBEV - causative wothandizila wa nkhupakupa ofalitsidwa encephalitis;
- Borrelia burgdorferi sl - woyambitsa wa borreliosis, matenda a Lyme;
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum ndi causative wothandizira granulocytic anaplasmosis anthu;
- Ehrlichia chaffeensis/E.muris-FL ndi chifukwa cha ehrlichiosis.
Chitsanzo cha kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira za kafukufuku:
- Vuto la encephalitis lopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa, TBEV - wapezeka;
- Borrelia burgdorferi sl - sanapezeke.
Mu chitsanzo chomwe chaperekedwa, nkhupakupa yomwe idaphunzira idapezeka kuti ili ndi matenda a encephalitis, koma osati ndi borreliosis.
Kuwunika kowonjezera ngati kupatuka kwachizoloŵezi
Ngati n`kosatheka kufufuza Mafunso Chongani ndi cholinga kudziwika msanga matenda a kulumidwa, izo m`pofunika kuchita kachulukidwe kusanthula IgM kalasi akupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda encephalitis HIV. Pankhani ya matenda a encephalitis, ma antibodies amapezeka patatha masiku 10-14 mutatha kuluma, choncho n'zosamveka kuyesedwa kwa encephalitis mwamsanga mutatha kuluma - sangasonyeze kalikonse.
Poyamba