Kodi nkhupakupa amadya chiyani m'nkhalango: omwe amazunzidwa kwambiri ndi adani a tizilombo toyamwa magazi
Kumene nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi zomwe zimadya m'chilengedwe ndi funso limene anthu omwe amafuna kuti asadutse nawo njira amafuna kuti adziwe yankho lake. Ndithudi, kwa ambiri, pakungotchulidwa chabe, mayanjano osakondweretsa amayamba. Koma n’chifukwa chiyani zili padzikoli. Mwina ubwino wa iwo si zochepa kuposa zoipa.
Zamkatimu
Kodi nkhupakupa zimadya chiyani m'chilengedwe
Mitundu yambiri ya nkhupakupa ndi yolusa. Amakhala kumtunda kwa nthaka ndikudya zotsalira za zomera zowola, potero amasintha mawonekedwe ake: kuonjezera porosity ndi kufalitsa tizilombo topindulitsa.
Mitundu yambiri ya arthropods imalekanitsa mchere wosiyanasiyana m'magawo awo, potero imapanga mkombero wa michere ya dothi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu paulimi.
Ndani nkhupakupa
Nkhupakupa ndi kagulu kakang'ono ka arthropods kuchokera ku gulu la arachnids. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri: pakadali pano, mitundu yopitilira 54 imadziwika. Anafika pachimake chotere chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kosawoneka bwino.
Ndikosowa kwambiri kupeza oimira kalasi iyi pafupifupi mamilimita atatu mu kukula. Nkhupakupa zilibe mapiko kapena ziwalo zooneka. M'mlengalenga, amayenda mothandizidwa ndi zida zomveka, ndipo amamva fungo la nyama zawo pamtunda wa mamita 10.
Kapangidwe ka nkhupakupa
Mitundu yayikulu ya nkhupakupa
Malinga ndi mtundu wa arthropods, amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo.
| zida | Amadya zomera zamoyo, bowa, lichens ndi zovunda. Zowopsa kwa mbalame ndi nyama, chifukwa zimanyamula helminths. |
| ixodid | Nyama imeneyi mosangalala parasitizes pa ng'ombe, nkhalango ndi nyama zoweta, ndipo sanyoza anthu. |
| Gamazov | Amasankha zisa za mbalame, ming'oma ya makoswe monga malo okhala ndi parasitize pa okhalamo. |
| Argasovs | Iwo parasitize pa nyama zoweta ndi mbalame, amakonda nkhuku khola. Nthawi zambiri amaukira anthu. |
| gossamer | Ndiwopanda vuto lililonse kwa anthu osadya masamba. Menyu yawo imakhala ndi timadziti tatsopano ta zomera zamoyo. |
| Fumbi | Izo si parasitize pa zamoyo. Iwo amadya accumulations wa fluff, nthenga, fumbi. Ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa mphumu mwa anthu. |
| khutu | Agalu ndi amphaka omwe amawasamalira kwambiri. Iwo amawapatsa kwambiri kusapeza mu mawonekedwe a zisa makutu ndi kutupa. |
| Mphere | Kupereka zovuta zambiri kwa nyama ndi anthu, zimayambitsa mphere. Iwo kudya subcutaneous secretions, kuchititsa kuyabwa ndi redness. |
| msipu | Iwo amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango ndi nkhalango steppes. Zowopsa kwa zamoyo, chifukwa zimanyamula matenda oopsa. |
| Wolusa | Amadyetsa anzawo. |
| Zam'munsi | Amakhala pa nyama ndi anthu kwa zaka zingapo, kudyetsa maselo akufa a khungu ndi kuchititsa kuyabwa kosapiririka ndi kuyabwa. |
| Maritime | Amakhala m'madzi oyenda kapena osayenda komanso m'nyanja. Iwo parasitize pa m'madzi tizilombo ndi molluscs. |
Kodi nkhupakupa zimadya chiyani
Nkhupakupa ikasuluka kuchokera ku dzira, pazigawo zonse za kukula kwake, imafunika magazi. Atha kukhala zaka zingapo popanda chakudya, ngati sapeza wolandira, ndiye kuti amafa.
Dziko la zolengedwa izi ndi losiyana kwambiri, ndipo zokonda zakudya ndizodabwitsa. Magazi ndiwo chakudya chawo chomwe amakonda, koma osati chokhacho. Amadya pafupifupi chilichonse.
Kodi nkhupakupa zimadya chiyani m'nkhalango
Malingana ndi mtundu wa chakudya, arachnids amagawidwa:
- saprophages. Amangodya zotsalira za organic;
- adani. Amawononga zomera ndi zamoyo ndikuyamwa magazi.
Mphere ndi oimira kumunda amtunduwu amadya tinthu tating'ono ta khungu la munthu. Mafuta a follicle atsitsi ndiye chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha nthata za subcutaneous.
Kutenga timadziti kuchokera ku zomera, nkhupakupa zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ulimi. Khola kudya zotsalira za ufa, mbewu, zomera.
Kumene ndi momwe nkhupakupa zimasaka
Amakhala m'dera lililonse lanyengo komanso m'makontinenti onse popanda kupatula.
Parasitism
Mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, amuna ndi akazi amayamwa magazi. Amuna amamatira kwa wozunzidwayo kwa nthawi yochepa. Nthaŵi zambiri, amakhala otanganidwa kufunafuna mkazi woyenerera woti akwatiwe naye.
Akazi amatha kudya mpaka masiku asanu ndi awiri. Amayamwa magazi ochuluka kwambiri. Mkazi wodyetsedwa bwino amaposa kulemera kwa wanjala ndi ka zana.
Kodi tiziromboti timasankha bwanji wolandira?
Nkhupakupa zimakhudzidwa ndi kunjenjemera kwa thupi, kutentha, chinyezi, mpweya, ndi fungo. Palinso amene amazindikira mithunzi. Sizidumpha, siziwuluka, koma zimangokwawa pang'onopang'ono. M'moyo wake wonse, mtundu uwu wa arachnid sungathe kukwawa mamita khumi ndi awiri.
Kumamatira ku zovala, thupi kapena ubweya, iwo akufunafuna khungu losakhwima, nthawi zina amangokumba nthawi yomweyo. Nkhalango zodula, udzu wautali - awa ndi malo awo. Amanyamulidwa ndi nyama ndi mbalame, choncho amene amagwira ntchito m’nkhalango kapena kuweta ziweto ali pangozi yaikulu. Zitha kubweretsedwa m'nyumba ndi maluwa akutchire ndi nthambi.
Mzunguliro wa moyo wa nkhupakupa.
Moyo wa nkhupakupa wagawidwa mu magawo anayi:
- mazira;
- mphutsi;
- nymphs;
- imago.
Chiyembekezo cha moyo - mpaka zaka 3. Gawo lirilonse limafunikira chakudya kwa wolandirayo. M’nyengo yonse ya moyo, nkhupakupa zimatha kusintha anthu amene akudwala. Malingana ndi chiwerengero chawo, bloodsuckers ndi:
- Mwini m'modzi. Oimira amtunduwu, kuyambira ku mphutsi, amakhala moyo wawo wonse pa khamu limodzi.
- waya awiri. Mu mtundu uwu, mphutsi ndi nymph zimadyera pa gulu limodzi, pamene wamkulu akugwira wachiwiri.
- Wolandira atatu. Tizilombo tamtunduwu timakhala m'chilengedwe nthawi iliyonse yachitukuko ndikusaka nyama yatsopano.
Kodi nkhupakupa zimafuna madzi
Kuti tisunge ntchito yofunika, kuwonjezera pa magazi, nkhupakupa zimafuna madzi. Pamene akudikirira wozunzidwayo, amataya chinyontho ndipo amafunikira kuchiwonjezera. Izi zimachitika potulutsa nthunzi kudzera mu cuticle yomwe imaphimba thupi komanso kudzera mu tracheal system, komanso ndi zinyalala zomwe zimatuluka m'thupi.
Ndi mitundu yochepa chabe ya zamoyo zomwe zimamwa madzi monga momwe timachitira nthawi zonse. Ambiri amayamwa madzi nthunzi. Njirayi imapezeka m'kamwa mwa arthropod, kumene malovu amatuluka. Ndi iye amene amayamwa madzi nthunzi mumlengalenga, ndiyeno kumezedwa ndi nkhupakupa.
Kufunika mu chilengedwe ndi moyo wa munthu
Sizingatheke kupeza malo omwe nkhupakupa kulibe.
adani achilengedwe
Nkhupakupa sizigwira ntchito chaka chonse. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha, amagwera m'malo omwe machitidwe awo onse a metabolism amachepetsa. Ntchito yaikulu kwambiri imapezeka mu kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Zambiri zamakhalidwe awo zimadalira nyengo. Moyo woterewu umakhala chifukwa chakuti iwo eni amakhala ozunzidwa.
Adani achilengedwe a arthropods omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwawo ndi awa:
Pakati pawo: nyerere, lacewings, dragonflies, nsikidzi, centipedes ndi mavu. Ena amadya nkhupakupa ngati chakudya, ena amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati malo osungira mazira.
Onsewa samanyoza tizilombo tomwe timalowa m'njira.
Zikuyenda m’mphepete mwa udzu, mbalamezi zimayang’ana nyama zimene zimadya. Mitundu ina ya mbalame imadya ma vampire amenewa mwachindunji kuchokera ku zikopa za nyama.
Kulowa mu minofu ya arachnid ndikukula kumeneko, amamasula poizoni omwe amatsogolera ku imfa ya arachnid.
matenda opatsirana
Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nkhupakupa chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Mwa matenda omwe amanyamula, otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
- Encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa - matenda a virus omwe amakhudza dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha ndi ubongo, mwina ndi zotsatira zakupha.
- Hemorrhagic fever - matenda opatsirana pachimake ndi zotsatira aggravating.
- Borreliosis - matenda ofanana ndi SARS. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, zimatha mwezi umodzi.
Kodi matenda a anthu amapezeka bwanji?
Chifukwa chakuti chakudya cha arachnids ndi magazi, ndiye kuti matenda amapezeka pambuyo pa kulumidwa. Malovu a nkhupakupa amatha kukhala ndi matenda a virus kapena mabakiteriya. Malovu a nkhupakupa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndi owopsa ngati alowa m'magazi, ndipo zomwe zili m'matumbo zimakhalanso zoopsa.
Si nkhupakupa zonse zimatha kupatsirana. Ngati mwiniwakeyo ndi chonyamulira cha mtundu wina wa matenda a magazi, nkhupakupa adzatenga izo, chifukwa amatha kunyamula mpaka khumi ndi awiri matenda.
Poyamba