Peyala ndulu mite: njira yothana ndi tizilombo towopsa komanso malangizo osavuta obwezeretsanso mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa
Mlimi aliyense amalota mitengo yokongola komanso yokongoletsedwa bwino. Munda wathanzi ndi chinsinsi cha zokolola zamtsogolo. Peyala nthawi zambiri kuukira zosiyanasiyana tizirombo. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi ndulu. Kuthana ndi tizirombo ndikovuta. Iyenera kuyambika msanga.
Zamkatimu
Ndani ndi ndulu
Kukula kwa gall mite mpaka 0,18 mm. Mutha kuziwona pansi pa galasi lokulitsa. M'chilimwe ndi chilimwe, majeremusi amakhala ndi mtundu woyera, m'dzinja amasanduka pinki kapena bulauni.
Maonekedwe a thupi ndi aatali. Majeremusi amafanana ndi mphutsi. Amasuntha chifukwa cha miyendo iwiri yomwe ili pafupi ndi mutu. Mwa mitengo yonse yazipatso, tizilombo timakonda kubzala mapeyala.
Tizilombo moyo kuzungulira
Mzunguliro wa moyo wa nyongolotsi:
- nyengo yozizira - mamba a masamba ndi masamba. Mpaka anthu 1500 akhoza kukhala mu impso imodzi;
- pa kutentha kwa madigiri 10 Celsius, tizilombo amalowa siteji yogwira. Potsegula impso, akazi amaikira mazira. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuchulukirachulukira;
- pakapita kanthawi, ndulu imawuma. Akuluakulu amatulukamo kudzera m'ming'alu;
- m'badwo woyamba umayenda m'masamba ndikupanga zingwe zambiri;
- 3 mibadwo kuonekera mu nyengo.
Kodi nthata za peyala zimawononga bwanji?
Gall mite pa tsamba la peyala.
Mphutsi ndi akuluakulu amadya madzi a impso ndi masamba. Masamba amasanduka bulauni ndikuyamba kugwa. Tizirombo ndi oopsa makamaka achinyamata mbande. Ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imatsogolera ku imfa ya chikhalidwe.
Mu mapeyala akuluakulu, kukula kumayima ndipo nthambi sizikula. Kufa kwa masamba ndi masamba kumachitika. Zomera zofooka sizingathe kubala zipatso zabwino. Nthawi zambiri pamitengo pamakhala mapeyala owola. Zomera zimachepa pang'onopang'ono ndikufowoka. Akhoza kukhudzidwa mosavuta ndi matenda a fungal.
Chifukwa chiyani peyala ya ndulu imawonekera m'munda
Zifukwa za maonekedwe a ndulu m'munda:
- kusasunga mtunda pakati pa mbande;
- phosphorous owonjezera;
- kuyeretsa mwadzidzidzi kwa thunthu la thunthu;
- kusankha kolakwika kwa mankhwala omwe amawononga adani achilengedwe - ma ladybugs ndi dragonflies;
- kudulira kolakwika;
- kuthekera kwa majeremusi kusamuka.
Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa zomera
Tizilomboti ndizovuta kuwona chifukwa chakuchepa kwake. Mtengowo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mphukira zosakula, ndipo pamasamba pali zotupa zachikasu-bulauni komanso zakuda - ndulu.
Galls akhoza kuphatikizidwa mu kukula kwakukulu. Pakapita nthawi, amauma ndikuyamba kusweka. Pankhaniyi, majeremusi amapita ku masamba athanzi. Pang'onopang'ono, zophuka zimaphimba pamwamba pa masamba, zomwe zimabweretsa kuphwanya njira za metabolic.
Chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepa ndipo mtengo umakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kulimbana ndi ndulu mite pa peyala
Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikophweka. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, zamoyo, wowerengeka njira. Ndi bwino kuwasintha. Komanso, kukhazikitsa njira zopewera ndi agrotechnical kudzakhala kopindulitsa.
Mankhwala
Amphamvu kwambiri ndi mankhwala. Amatha kuwononga madera akuluakulu. Mankhwala onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo.
Zachilengedwe
Ubwino waukulu wa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo chawo komanso chilengedwe. Anthu ambiri okhala m'chilimwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma biological agents okha. Zochita zawo sizolimba ngati za mankhwala. Komabe, mu gawo loyamba la matenda, amatha kuthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Folk njira
The kwambiri infusions ndi decoctions.
| Kulowetsedwa kwa Dandelion | 1 makilogalamu a masamba a dandelion amawonjezeredwa ku 3 malita a madzi. Kuumirira kwa masiku atatu. Kupsyinjika ndi kuwonjezera 3 tbsp. l sopo wamadzimadzi. Utsi mitengo. |
| Kulowetsedwa kwa masamba | 1 kg ya nsonga za mbatata imaphwanyidwa ndikutsanulira mu ndowa yamadzi ofunda. Kuumirira 4-5 maola. Onjezerani 1 tbsp. l sopo wamadzimadzi ndi zomera zopopera. |
| Marigold decoction | 0,1 makilogalamu a marigolds amawonjezeredwa ku madzi okwanira 1 litre ndikuphika. Siyani kwa masiku asanu. Thirani madzi okwanira 5 litre ndikupopera mitengo. |
| Pepper decoction | 1 kg ya tsabola tsabola amaphwanyidwa ndikutsanulira mu ndowa ya madzi. Wiritsani pa moto wochepa kwa maola 1,5-2. Masamba ndi korona amathiridwa ndi decoction. |
Zochita zaulimi
Kuchita njira za agrotechnical kumachepetsa mwayi wowonekera kwa majeremusi:
- kugula mbande ndi zodulidwa kuchokera kwa wamaluwa odalirika;
- chotsani masamba akugwa ndi udzu pamalopo;
- m'dzinja amakumba mizu pamwamba pa mitengo;
- phulusa lamatabwa limalowetsedwa m'nthaka kuti lilimbikitse chitetezo chokwanira;
- kusankha mitundu yosamva ya mapeyala;
- chotsani makungwa akale ndi nthambi zazikulu;
- kudyetsedwa ndi mineral feteleza;
- akorona oyera.
Kupewa kuoneka kwa ndulu nthata
Njira yabwino ndiyo kuchita zinthu zomwe zingateteze ndulu kuti zisawonekere. Njira zopewera:
- kuvala pamwamba pang'ono ndi feteleza wa mineral;
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa 2% - oh Bordeaux madzi mu kugwa;
- kudulira panthawi yake;
- kubzala mbande ndi mtunda wina;
- kusunga ukhondo pafupi ndi tsinde;
- kuchotsa udzu wa udzu;
- kugwiritsa ntchito malamba.
Kodi mitundu ya mapeyala kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo kuwonongeka
Posankha mbande, zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa mitundu yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi ndulu. Nthawi zambiri satenga nkhanambo. Mitundu ya mapeyala:
- Chofiira-mbali;
- zodabwitsa;
- Nthano;
- Decabrinka;
- Larinskaya;
- Utawaleza;
- Yellow-fruited;
- Wakumpoto.