Momwe nkhupakupa imapuma ikalumidwa, kapena momwe "mavampire" amalephera kufooketsa panthawi yachakudya
Nkhupakupa ndi arachnids yokhala ndi miyendo inayi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 1-1,5. Atatha kumwa magazi, amatha kuwonjezera kukula kwawo mpaka 200. Nkhupakupa zimakumba mwamphamvu pakhungu ndikutulutsa mankhwala oletsa ululu, kotero kuti kuluma sikumveka. Kumamatira m'thupi, amawoneka ngati kadontho kakuda, kotulukira pang'ono kofiira mozungulira. Nthawi zambiri anthu amakhala ndi chidwi ndi momwe munthu wamagazi amatha kupuma.
Zamkatimu
- Kodi nkhupakupa ndi ndani ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani zili zoopsa
- Matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa
- Kodi kuluma nkhupakupa kumawoneka bwanji pamunthu?
- Kodi nkhupakupa zimapuma bwanji zikaluma?
- Thandizo loyamba pambuyo pa kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa
- Zoyenera kuchita ndi kuluma nkhupakupa
- Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka
Kodi nkhupakupa ndi ndani ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani zili zoopsa
Nthawi zambiri, nkhupakupa zimapezeka m'nkhalango, paki, koma posachedwapa zimapezeka m'mizinda. Nyengo ya tizirombozi imayamba mu Marichi/April ndipo pachimake mu June/September. Zimatha mpaka November, zomwe mwina chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nyengo.
Akangaude ngati kangaude amamva bwino m'malo otentha komanso a chinyezi. Choncho, amakhala achangu kwambiri m'mawa komanso madzulo. Amasankha malo pathupi pomwe khungu limakhala lolimba. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amawoneka mu groin, pansi pa makhwapa, pa mawondo ndi pansi pa chifuwa.
Matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa
Kukula kwathunthu kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumafuna kumwa katatu kwa magazi a wolandirayo. Pachifukwa ichi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timanyamula tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayambitsa matenda aakulu mu nyama ndi anthu:
- Matenda a Lyme;
- encephalitis;
- anaplasmosis/ehrlichiosis;
- babesiosis
Matenda ena omwe nthawi zambiri amafalitsidwa ndi tiziromboti ndi awa:
- american fever;
- tularemia;
- cytauxoonosis;
- bartonellosis;
- toxoplasmosis;
- mycoplasmosis.
Kodi kuluma nkhupakupa kumawoneka bwanji pamunthu?
Zomwe Zimayambitsa:
- amawonekera atangochotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakhungu;
- m'mphepete mwake nthawi zambiri sichidutsa 5 cm;
- imakonda kutha msanga;
- nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuyabwa pamalo olumidwa.
Kuthamanga kwa erythema:
- amawonekera patangopita masiku ochepa, nthawi zambiri pakadutsa masiku 7-14 nkhupakupa yakhazikika m'thupi;
- kukula kuposa 5 cm;
- ali ndi chikhalidwe chofanana ndi chandamale chowombera, pakati pali malo ofiira, omwe ali ndi mphete yofiira;
- erythema, "kungoyendayenda" m'malo osiyanasiyana a khungu;
- malungo ndi zizindikiro zonga chimfine zimatha kuchitika.
Kodi nkhupakupa zimapuma bwanji zikaluma?
Ziwalo zopumira za nkhupakupa zimakhala m'mbali mwa thupi ndipo ndi machubu a tracheal omwe mpweya umalowa mu thunthu lozungulira. Mitolo iwiri ya trachea ichokapo, yomwe imamangiriza kwambiri ziwalo zonse.
N’zosadabwitsa kuti pakaluma, tizilomboti takumba pakhungu la munthu kapena nyama, timapitiriza kupuma modekha. Ilibe ziwalo za kupuma pamutu pake.
Thandizo loyamba pambuyo pa kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa
Mukawona nkhupakupa pathupi lanu, chotsani nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimachitidwa bwino ndi forceps yopapatiza kapena akatswiri ochotsamo, omwe angagulidwe ku pharmacy.
Kuchotsa koyenera kwa woyamwa magazi kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chotenga matenda omwe amafalitsidwa ndi tiziromboti totsalira.
Pambuyo pochotsa arachnid, malo oluma ayenera kuwonedwa kwa masabata 4. Erythema pamalo opangira jakisoni, omwe amafanana ndi chishango ndikuwonjezeka, ndiye chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda a Lyme, ngakhale samawonekera nthawi zonse ndi matenda.
Momwe mungatulutsire
Nkhupakupa zichotsedwe msanga, kaya ndi inu nokha kapena ndi munthu wina kuzichotsa. Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe adakakamira pakhungu ayenera kukhala pa ngodya yoyenera, yomwe chida chothandiza chidzakhala:
- opukusa;
- tweezers ndi kopanira;
- vacuum pompa kuti uyamwe.
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito ma tweezers kapena chida china chofananira, gwirani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pafupi ndi khungu momwe mungathere, kenaka mukokereni molunjika (90 °). Osagwedezeka kapena kupotoza ma tweezers, chifukwa izi zimawonjezera mwayi woziwononga ndikusiya gawo la tizilombo pakhungu. Mukachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, thirani mankhwala pakhungu ndi kuliwononga poliphwanya ndi chinthu, monga galasi.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi kuluma nkhupakupa
Ngati sizingatheke kutenga kachilomboka kukayezetsa ma laboratory, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuyezetsa magazi. Momwe mungachitire izi molondola, tikuuzani pansipa.
Pambuyo pa nkhupakupa kulumidwa, Ndi bwino kumwa mankhwala. Pofuna kupewa, doxycycline 0,2 g amaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu, kamodzi mu maola 72 oyambirira atamwa magazi. Ana ndi akulu omwe amatsutsana ndi doxycycline amalembedwa amoxicillin katatu patsiku kwa masiku asanu.
Ngati kale 2 milungu kulumidwa, ndiye amayesedwa akupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda encephalitis. Kuyezetsa magazi kwa ma antibodies ku borreliosis kumatengedwa pambuyo pa masabata atatu.
Kuti mudziwe ngati kuluma anasiya zotsatira zake, muyenera kuchita kuyezetsa magazi kwa nkhupakupa ofalitsidwa encephalitis ndi borreliosis ndi PCR. Kusanthula uku kuyenera kutengedwa pasanathe masiku 10 pambuyo poti tizilombo takhazikika.
Njira yodzitetezera mwadzidzidzi ndiyo kuyambitsa kwa immunoglobulin pambuyo poti woyamwitsa magazi akakamira. Ikhoza kukhala pamwamba pa thupi kwa nthawi yaitali ndikupuma modekha.
Immunoglobulin iyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa masiku atatu oyamba kulumidwa ndi tiziromboti. Ndiye HIV kwathunthu neutralized. Mankhwalawa ndi mapuloteni olekanitsidwa ndi magazi omwe ali ndi ma antibodies kupita ku matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa. Amawerengedwa mu kuchuluka kwa 3 ml pa 1 kg ya thupi la munthu.
Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka
Timayankha mafunso ambiri kuchokera kwa owerenga. Magazi, kukumba m'thupi, amatha kupuma modekha, koma pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa.
| Kodi zotsatira za kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa zimakhala zotani? | Zotsatira zake zingakhale zosiyana, koma nthawi zambiri zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera - kufiira kwa khungu ndi kutupa pamalo olumidwa, kutentha thupi, kutentha thupi, kutopa, kutopa, kugona, kugona komanso thanzi labwino. |
| Zoyenera kuchita ngati nkhupakupa yonse sinatulutsidwe | Zotsalira za tizilomboto zimafunikanso kuzulidwa. Kuti tichite izi, m'pofunika kuchiza tweezers kapena singano, komanso bala, ndi mowa. Kenako tulutsani nkhupakupa mofanana ndi momwe timatulutsira kachidutswa. |
| Momwe mungachotsere nkhupakupa | Ndikwabwino kuwatulutsa ndi tweezers. Pali ma tweezers apadera omwe ali ndi kanema kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati palibe, ndiye kuti mutha kuchipeza ndi zala zanu. |
| Kupewa kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa | Njira imodzi yokha yodzitetezera ndi katemera wa immunoglobulin, womwe umathandiza kwa mwezi umodzi. Immunoglobulin imaperekedwanso pambuyo pa kulumidwa ngati yakhazikika pakhungu. Ndi bwino katemera m`nthawi ya lalikulu ntchito majeremusi. Maphunzirowa ali awiri katemera ndi imeneyi ya 1-2 miyezi. Revaccination ikuchitika patatha chaka, ndiye zaka 3 zilizonse. |
| Momwe mungatengere encephalitis kapena matenda a lyme | Choyamba, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera popita ku nkhalango, kuyenda mu paki. Valani zovala zowala ndi hood yomwe imaphimba pamwamba pa thupi, valani thalauza mu nsapato, gwiritsani ntchito zothamangitsira aerosol, dziyang'aneni nokha ndi anzanu nthawi zambiri, fufuzani mosamala zovala ndi thupi lanu pobwerera. |
Poyamba