Kumene nkhupakupa zimakakamira, momwe tizilombo tomwe timamwa magazi timawonekera pathupi la munthu komanso momwe tingazizindikire

Komwe nkhupakupa zimapezeka

Omwa magazi amakhala m'madera a nkhalango, pa kapinga, m'mitsinje ndi zina zotero. Posachedwapa, nkhupakupa zochulukirachulukira zimapezeka m'mapaki amizinda, mabwalo, ndi nyumba zazing'ono zachilimwe. Amadikirira nyama zawo pa tchire lotsika, udzu, koma osakwera mitengo.

Kodi nkhupakupa zimaluma kuti?

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaluma paliponse. Komabe, zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi madera a thupi omwe ali ndi khungu lopyapyala komanso lolimba. Kusiyanitsa kunadziwika pakati pa kusankha kwa malo oluma kwa ana ndi akuluakulu, omwe mwina ndi chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kukula kwa onse awiri - nkhupakupa imakwawa kuchokera pansi.

Akuluakulu amalumidwa kwambiri mu:

• khosi;
• m'khwapa;
• dera pansi pa bondo;
• chigongono amapindika;
• m'mimba;
• dera kuseri kwa makutu.

Kulumidwa kwa ana nthawi zambiri kumapezeka kumbuyo kwa khosi ndi mutu. Zadziwika kuti amuna ndi anyamata akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amalumidwa m'dera la groin.

Koposa zonse, nkhupakupa zimamatira kumbuyo, manja, mapazi, popeza khungu la m'madera amenewa ndilotali kwambiri komanso lovuta kuluma. Ndipo mtheradi "mtsogoleri" ndi popliteal fossae - khungu kumeneko ndi woonda, pambali, n'zosavuta kufika kumeneko.

Kodi nkhupakupa imaluma bwanji

Ndi ziwalo zapadera za zida zapakamwa, amapanga puncture, amakhazikika pachilonda ndi mano akuthwa, amaika proboscis ndikuyamba kuyamwa magazi.

Kodi kuluma nkhupakupa kumawoneka bwanji pamunthu?

Malo oluma nkhupakupa samasiyana ndi kuluma kwa tizilombo tina ndipo amawoneka ngati malo ofiira omwe ali ndi dontho lakuda pakati. Nthawi zina, malowa amatha kusintha ndikukhala ngati mphete. ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a Lyme.

Komwe mungayang'ane nkhupakupa pathupi

Nkhupakupa sichiyamwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chake, ikawonedwa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana thupi lonse, kulabadira malo omwe majeremusi nthawi zambiri amamatira.

Momwe mungachotsere nkhupakupa pakhungu la munthu

Kuti muchotse tiziromboti, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulumikizane ndi chipatala: azichita moyenera komanso mopanda ululu, ndikuperekanso malangizo ena. Palinso njira zingapo zochotsera bloodsucker kunyumba.

Posankha njira iliyonse, kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa: musamapanikizike ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, musapange kusuntha kwadzidzidzi kuti musang'ambe kapena kuphwanya.

Ndondomeko ikamalizidwa, chilondacho chiyenera kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mutu wa nkhupakupa ukhalabe pakhungu

Nthawi zambiri, ngati atachotsedwa molakwika, mutu wa tizilomboto umakhala pansi pa khungu. Izi ndizosavuta kuzindikira: kadontho kakang'ono kakuda kadzawoneka pakati pa kuluma. Pankhaniyi, mutha kuyesa kuchotsa ndi singano, ngati splinter.

Ngati mwalephera, mukhoza kungodzaza ndi ayodini: patatha masiku angapo, thupi lokhalo lidzakana chinthu chachilendo.

Komabe, muyenera kuyang'anira momwe balalo lilili: nthawi zambiri, kutupa ndi kuphulika kumachitika. Ngati kuluma kwasintha mtundu, kutupa kwawonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Momwe mungachitire pamalo omwe nkhupakupa zalumidwa

Njira zilizonse zowononga antiseptic ndizoyenera izi: mowa, ayodini, zobiriwira zobiriwira, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine.

Komwe mungagwirire ndi nkhupakupa yochotsedwa

Woyamwa magazi wakutali sayenera kuwonongedwa. Mothandizidwa ndi kusanthula kwapadera, n'zotheka kudziwa ngati ali wonyamulira matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa ndipo, ngati zotsatira zake zili zabwino, kutenga njira zodzitetezera panthawi yake. Nkhupakupa yochotsedwa, pamodzi ndi chidutswa cha ubweya wa thonje wonyowa, ziyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba.

Zotsatira zomwe zingatheke pambuyo polumidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kulumidwa kwa magazi kungayambitse mavuto aakulu - matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa. Zowopsa komanso zofala kwambiri mwa izo zikufotokozedwa pansipa.

Encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Vuto la encephalitis limalowa m'magazi, limafalikira ndi lymph ndi magazi m'thupi lonse, makamaka zimakhudza imvi ya ubongo. Palibe kusintha komwe kumawonedwa pamalo olumidwa, zizindikiro zoyamba zimawonedwa pakatha masiku 7-10 pambuyo pa kuukira kwa tiziromboti.

Zizindikiro za encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Mu mawonetseredwe koyambirira, matendawa ndi ofanana ndi chimfine: malungo, mutu, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mfundo. Zizindikiro zowopsa kwambiri zimatsatira: kupweteka kwa mutu kumakula makamaka m'dera la occipital, malingana ndi mawonekedwe a encephalitis, kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso kumachitika, kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso mpaka kukomoka, paresis ndi ziwalo.

Kuzindikira kwa nkhupakupa zobala encephalitis

Mutha kukayikira encephalitis yofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa pazifukwa izi:

• deta ya mliri (kuyendera nkhalango, kupeza nkhupakupa pathupi);
• mawonetseredwe azachipatala (kutentha kwambiri, kutentha thupi, chizindikiro cha meningeal).

Komabe, pazifukwa izi n'zosatheka kupanga matenda, iwo akhoza kugwirizana ndi nkhupakupa kuluma (borreliosis), ndipo alibe chochita ndi (herpetic encephalitis, purulent meningitis).

Matendawa amapangidwa pamaziko a zotsatira za zasayansi diagnostics: kutsimikiza kwa kukhalapo ndi kuwonjezeka mphamvu ya titer wa ma antibodies a gulu la IgM ndi ma antibodies a IgG kalasi m'magazi ku kachilombo ka encephalitis.

Chithandizo cha encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Pakali pano palibe mankhwala enieni a matenda a encephalitis ofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Chithandizo ndi kuthana ndi zovuta komanso kupewa zovuta. Mankhwala a antipyretic ndi antiviral amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi kuwonongeka kwamanjenje, ma antipsychotics amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma diuretics amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa intracranial.

Matenda a Lyme borreliosis

Choyambitsa cha borreliosis (matenda a Lyme) ndi mabakiteriya a Borrelia. Matendawa amakhudza makamaka mantha ndi mtima dongosolo, khungu. Monga ulamuliro, amafuna yaitali mankhwala.

Zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme

Makulitsidwe nthawi ya matenda ndi 1-50 masiku, woyamba mawonetseredwe zambiri zimachitika pa 10-12 tsiku. Pali magawo atatu a borreliosis:

Kuzindikira matenda a Lyme

Njira zotsatirazi za labotale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda:

• PCR kuzindikira Borrelia mapuloteni mu zimakhala, seramu ndi synovial madzimadzi;
• yosalunjika immunofluorescence anachita kudziwa akupha kuti Borrelia;
• ELISA yolimba ya ma antibodies ku Borrelia.

Chithandizo cha Matenda a Lyme

Chithandizo cha borreliosis chimachitika pokhapokha mumikhalidwe yokhazikika. Chithandizo cha antibacterial chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi borreliae.

Hemorrhagic fever

Hemorrhagic fever ndi gulu la ma virus omwe amawononga makoma amitsempha yamagazi.

Zizindikiro za hemorrhagic fever

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zamagulu onse a matendawa ndi kutentha thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi. Monga lamulo, kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha matendawa, zizindikiro sizidziwika, koma posakhalitsa zimawonekera kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za hemorrhagic fever:

• malungo;
• mutu, chizungulire;
• kufiira kwa diso;
• magazi mu chopondapo, kusanza magazi;
• khungu hyperemia;
• kupweteka kwa minofu.

Kuzindikira matenda a hemorrhagic fever

Kuwunika kwapadera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maphunziro a serological (RSK, RNIF, etc.), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), kuzindikira ma antigen (PCR), njira ya virological.

Chithandizo cha malungo a hemorrhagic

Pochiza matendawa, mankhwala ovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amaphatikizapo kulowetsedwa kwa shuga m'magazi, kuikidwa magazi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, antihistamines, ndi kukonzekera kwachitsulo.