Mitundu ya nkhupakupa m'chigawo cha Moscow osati kokha: momwe mungadzitetezere kwa onyamula matenda ndi choti muchite ndi kuluma

Kodi nkhupakupa zakutchire zimawoneka bwanji

Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa thupi la arachnid sikudutsa 3 mm., Akazi amakhala otalika kuposa amuna. Pambuyo kumwa magazi, nkhupakupa amakula kukula ndi 10-15 mm. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi zikhadabo 4, pomwe zikhadabo ndi zoyamwitsa zimakhala. Nkhupakupa zilibe mapiko ndipo sizitha kulumpha kutali. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tilibenso maso, timayenda m'mlengalenga mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera zapakhungu.

Mitundu ya nthata za m'nkhalango

Kuyenda m'nkhalango, mutha kukumana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majeremusi. Mtundu uliwonse wa nkhupakupa uli ndi mtundu wake, mawonekedwe a thupi komanso moyo wake.

Nkhupakupa imakhala kuti

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhupakupa imakhala padziko lonse lapansi, onse ali ndi zokonda zofanana: amakonda madera amvula komanso amdima. Nkhupakupa zowopsa za iscod nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'misewu, udzu, ndi mitsinje.

Pakalipano, anthu ambiri omwe amawombera magazi amamenyana ndi anthu m'mapaki a mumzinda, m'madera obiriwira a mabwalo, pamene kudula udzu ndi udzu sikutsimikiziranso kuti nkhupakupa sidzakhalapo.

Pali lingaliro lolakwika lodziwika kuti nkhupakupa zimakhala panthambi zamitengo ndikudumphira paziwopsezo zawo pomwepo. Izi sizili choncho: nkhupakupa sizingadumphe, kuthamanga mwachangu, kuyenda mtunda wautali ndikuwuluka.

Kodi nkhupakupa zimabisala kuti m'nyengo yozizira?

Thupi la nkhupakupa lili ndi dongosolo lapadera lodzilamulira, chifukwa chake limatha kugwera mu makanema oyimitsidwa pomwe nyengo yozizira imalowa - iyi ndi mtundu wa analogue wa hibernation wa nyama zoyamwitsa. Tizilombo topanda kuvulaza thupi timatha kudikirira nyengo yozizira ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi kutentha.

Kutentha kumatsika mpaka -10, njira zonse m'thupi la arachnid zimachepetsa ndipo tizilombo timayamba kufunafuna pogona. Malo abwino akangopezeka, tiziromboti timasiya kusuntha ndipo timangopanga makanema ojambula. Nthawi zambiri, bloodsuckers yozizira m'malo otsatirawa:

• masamba akugwa;
• udzu;
• moss
• madipoziti a zinyalala;
• nkhalango pansi;
• danga pakati pa mizu ya mitengo.

Ngati nkhupakupa ilowa m'nyumba, ingakhale nthawi yayitali bwanji mnyumbamo

Nyumbayo ndizovuta kwa moyo wa nkhupakupa, chifukwa chake imagwera mu makanema oyimitsidwa - kagayidwe kachakudya kamayima, tizilombo sitisuntha. M'dera lino, nkhupakupa zimatha kukhala zaka 8. Pamene wovulalayo akuwonekera, mwamsanga amakhala ndi moyo, amaledzera ndi magazi ndikupitiriza ntchito yake yachibadwa.

Makhalidwe a khalidwe ndi moyo

Nkhupakupa zimayamba kuwonetsa zochitika kumapeto kwa Marichi-koyambirira kwa Epulo (kutengera dera). Kuti adzuke kuchokera ku hibernation, m'pofunika kuti nthaka itenthe mpaka kutentha kwa + 3-5 madigiri, ndipo pafupifupi kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumafika madigiri +10.

Tizilombo timagwira ntchito mpaka Ogasiti-Seputembala, mpaka kutentha kozungulira kumatsika pamlingo womwewo.

Nkhupakupa yaikazi imaikira mazira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, chifukwa imafunika kudyetsedwa. Mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira, ndipo ngati akwanitsa kuyamwa magazi a khamu posachedwapa, amapita ku gawo lotsatira la chitukuko m'chaka chomwecho.

Chiwerengero ndi kachulukidwe wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwachindunji zimadalira nyengo: ngati chilimwe kunali kozizira, ndi mvula yambiri, ndipo nyengo yozizira inali yotentha ndi matalala, ndiye chaka chotsatira chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chikuwonjezeka.

Ngati ana amakhalabe ndi njala, ndiye kuti amagwera mu hibernation ndikupitiriza kukula kwake m'chaka chotsatira. Atasankha wovulalayo ndikusamukira ku thupi lake, tizilomboti sitiyamba kuyamwa magazi ake nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zina maola 12 amadutsa kuchokera pa nthawi yokhudzana ndi nthawi yoyamwa.

Pa thupi la munthu, amakopeka kwambiri ndi malo okhala ndi tsitsi, komanso kumbuyo kwa makutu, zigongono, ndi khosi. Ana nthawi zambiri amalumidwa m'mutu. Nthawi yayitali yoyamwa nkhupakupa ndi mphindi 15. Malovu a tizilomboto amakhala ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu, choncho kuluma kwake sikuoneka kwa wovulalayo.

Kapangidwe ka chikhalidwe ndi kubereka

Nkhupakupa zimagawidwa bwino amuna ndi akazi. Mawonekedwe ndi njira zoberekera zimadalira zamoyo. Ambiri aiwo ndi oviparous, ndipo mitundu ya viviparous imadziwikanso. Mkazi amatha kuikira mazira 17 zikwi.

Kwa umuna wa mkazi, mwamuna sikofunikira, koma ngati kubereka kumachitika popanda kutenga nawo mbali, mphutsi zachikazi zokha zimabadwa, ndipo ngati mwamuna adatenga nawo mbali, akazi ndi amuna.

Nkhupakupa yamphongo sasankha mwachidwi yaikazi, munthu yemwe amakhala pafupi kwambiri panthawiyo amakhala mnzake wokweretsa.

Ikakwerana, yaimuna imafa, koma ngati pali zazikazi zina pafupi, ingakhalenso ndi nthaŵi yoithira manyowa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi magawo angapo a chitukuko:

Kodi nkhupakupa imadya chiyani

Malingana ndi mtundu wa chakudya, tizilombo timagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• saprophages;
• adani.

Oimira ambiri a gulu loyamba amadziwika kuti ndi opindulitsa ku chilengedwe. Amadya zotsalira za organic, motero zimathandizira kukula kwa humus. Koma m'gulu la saprophages mulinso tizirombo - tizilombo tomwe timadya kuyamwa kwa mbewu.

Majeremusi oterowo ndi kuwukira kwawo amatha kuwononga mbewu yonse yaulimi. Palinso fumbi ndi nthata za mphere - siziukira anthu, amadya tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta epidermis, komabe amavulaza thupi la munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino.

Palinso mtundu wina wa saprophage - barn nthata. Amagwiritsa ntchito zotsalira zowola za tirigu ndi ufa ngati chakudya.

Zilombo zimaukira nyama zotentha ndi anthu, zimadya magazi awo. Mapangidwe a thupi la tizilombo totere amawalola kumamatira mwamphamvu pakhungu ndi tsitsi la wovulalayo, mothandizidwa ndi zida zapakamwa zomwe zimapangidwa, nyamayo imaboola pakhungu ndikuyamwa magazi.

Kodi nkhupakupa imamva bwanji kuti wozunzidwayo ali pafupi ndi mfundo yosaka

Nkhupakupa zambiri zilibe maso, choncho sizitha kuona nyamayo. Koma m'thupi mwawo muli ziwalo zapadera zamaganizo, mothandizidwa ndi magazi omwe amachitira kutentha kwa munthu amene akuyandikira, mpweya wake, kununkhiza.

Arachnids sangathe kusaka m'lingaliro lenileni: sangathe kufufuza kapena kugwira nyama. Njira yawo ndikudikirira pamalo oyenera. Kachilomboka kamakhala momasuka, mwachitsanzo, pa tsamba lalitali la udzu, ndipo imadikirira ndi zikhadabo zake kutsogolo.

Wodwalayo akangolowa m'munda, woyamwa magazi amatembenukira komwe akulowera ndikuyamba kusuntha ndi zikhadabo zake zakutsogolo mpaka kukhudzana ndi wovulalayo.

Kodi nthata za m’nkhalango zimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Kutalika kwa moyo wa tizilomboti kumadalira nyengo ndi malo ake. Nthawi zambiri, tizirombozi ndizovuta kwambiri: pansi pazovuta, zimagwera mu anabiosis. Nkhupakupa zakutchire zimatha kukhala zaka 7-8, koma si aliyense amene amakhala ndi moyo wautali chotere, chifukwa tizilombo tokulirapo, mbalame, ndi makoswe zimadya pamalo awo achilengedwe.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kuwonongedwa ndi munthu: mwa kuphwanya kapena mothandizidwa ndi njira zapadera. Kutalika kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa arachnids:

• dzira - kuyambira masabata awiri mpaka miyezi iwiri;
• mphutsi ndi nymph - kuyambira sabata mpaka miyezi 1,5;
• wamkulu tizilombo - 1-8 zaka.

Adani achilengedwe a nkhupakupa

Tizilombo tili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mndandanda wa chakudya, motero tili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, munthu sangalephere kuzindikira kufunika kwake kwa unyolo uwu: ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha, ndiye kuti mitundu yambiri ya nyama zomwe zimadya zidzatha.

M’malo awo achilengedwe, nthata za m’nkhalango zimadya motere:

• mbalame (nthawi zambiri mpheta);
• tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda);
• nyerere zazikulu zofiira za m'nkhalango;
• amphibians (achule, achule, abuluzi).

Kodi nkhalango zapopera nkhupakupa?

Mchitidwewu sunagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero muyenera kudziteteza nokha ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Monga momwe zimasonyezera, pali nkhupakupa zambiri m'dera la nkhalango kusiyana ndi malo ena omwe angakhale oopsa.

Zochita zolimbana

Madera a m'mapaki amapatsidwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo panthawi ya ntchito yoyamwa magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, mwiniwake aliyense, ngati angafune, amatha kukonza kanyumba ka chilimwe kapena chiwembu chake. Mutha kuchita izi modziyimira pawokha mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ogulidwa m'sitolo, komanso kuitana wogwira ntchito ku SES.

Njira zothandizira

Kuonjezera apo, ndi bwino kusankha zovala zamitundu yowala - ndizosavuta kuzindikira tizilombo pa izo. Musanyalanyaze njira zapadera zodzitetezera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: zimapezeka m'njira yabwino ndipo ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Kodi nsabwe za m'nkhalango zimakhala ndi ngozi yotani?

Ngakhale kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timayambitsa ngozi yaikulu kwa nyama ndi anthu. Nkhupakupa za m'nkhalango zimanyamula pafupifupi 60 matenda opatsirana.

Chongani matenda pa nyama

Osati anthu okha, komanso ziweto, kuphatikizapo amphaka, agalu ndi akavalo, amatha kudwala matendawa. Matenda ambiri amachiritsidwa, koma pali chiopsezo cha zovuta komanso, nthawi zina, imfa. Nyama ikhoza kuvutika ndi kulumidwa kokha, komanso ngati itameza tizilombo mwangozi.

Matenda omwe chiweto chingatengedwe nawo:

• piroplasmosis;
• borreliosis;
• bartonellosis;
• hepatozoonosis;
• erlichiosis.

Choopsa chotani kwa anthu ndi nthata za m'nkhalango

Matenda owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu ndi nkhupakupa. M'njira yosasangalatsa, matendawa angayambitse matenda aakulu a ubongo ndi maganizo, komanso imfa. Oyamwa magazi amanyamulanso matenda ena:

• borreliosis (matenda a Lyme);
• tularemia;
• babesiosis;
• malungo amawanga;
• kuyambiranso kutentha thupi.

Zoyenera kuchita pambuyo polumidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka m'thupi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyankhule ndi chipatala: madokotala amachotsa bwinobwino magazi a magazi ndikupereka malingaliro oletsa matenda opatsirana.

Momwe mungatulutsire nkhupakupa

Ngati palibe chipatala pafupi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kuchotsedwa nokha. Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi:

Komwe mungatengere tiki kuti muwunike

Pambuyo pochotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, iyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi chivindikiro ndikutumizidwa ku labotale yapadera kuti adziwe matenda ake. Ndizofunikira kuti zikhale zamoyo, ngati tizilombo tafa, thonje lonyowa liyenera kuikidwa mumtsuko. Ngati kusanthula kukuwonetsa matenda, wodwalayo amapatsidwa anti-tick immunoglobulin. M`pofunika kulowa mankhwala mu maola 72 oyambirira kuluma.

Zizindikiro za matenda

Zizindikiro za matenda obwera chifukwa cholumidwa ndi nkhupakupa zimatha kukhala zosiyana. Nthawi zambiri sizichitika nthawi yomweyo, matenda aliwonse ali ndi nthawi yoyatsira.

Encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Iwo amaona kwambiri tizilombo matenda kunyamulidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Kachilomboka kamayambitsa imvi muubongo, kumayambitsa kutentha thupi kwambiri, komwe kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwadongosolo lapakati lamanjenje. Mtundu woopsa wa matendawa ukhoza kuyambitsa kusokonezeka maganizo, ziwalo ndi imfa. Chifukwa chake, palibe chithandizo; ngati mutatenga matenda, chithandizo cha symptomatic chimachitika.

Zizindikiro za encephalitis ndi izi:

• kuzizira, kutentha thupi;
• kunyoza, kusanza;
• kutentha kukwera mpaka madigiri 39;
• kupweteka kwa minofu.

Kwa nthawi ndithu, zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwazi zikhoza kuchepa, koma kenako zimabwereranso.

Kuyambanso kutentha thupi

Matenda enanso oopsa, gwero lake ndi kachilombo kotengedwa ndi nkhupakupa. Matendawa amakhala ndi alternating yachibadwa kutentha ndi malungo, mkhutu chikumbumtima. Zizindikiro zina zoyambanso kutentha thupi:

• kupweteka m'mimba, kusanza;
• kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa;
• malungo mwadzidzidzi;
• mapangidwe a papules amtundu wa chitumbuwa;
• kukula kwa ndulu ndi chiwindi;
• tachycardia.

Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi zimawonedwa mkati mwa masiku 3-6, pambuyo pake zimasowa, koma zimabwereranso. Ndicho chifukwa chake matendawa amatchedwa relapsing. Pa nthawi ya matenda, mpaka 5 zinthu zoterezi zimatha. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, kuchira kwathunthu kumatheka.

Matenda a Lyme

Zizindikiro za matenda nthawi zambiri zimachitika mkati mwa masiku 2-3 mutatha kuluma. Koma matenda akhoza kukayikira ngakhale kale. Monga lamulo, malo ofiira amapanga pamalo omwe amaluma, omwe amakula kukula kwa nthawi ndikusintha mtundu pakati. Kachilomboka amakhudza mantha ndi mtima kachitidwe, khungu, mfundo. Zizindikiro za borreliosis ndi:

• kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa;
• kutopa, mutu;
• malungo.

Pazigawo zoyamba, matendawa amachiritsidwa bwino, koma ngati chithandizo sichinayambike panthawi yake, matendawa amapita patsogolo kwambiri ndipo kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha sikungasinthe.

babesiosis

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta, zizindikiro zimawonekera mkati mwa masabata a 2 mutatha kuluma. Pamene mawonekedwe akuthamanga, kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi kumachitika, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, jaundice, ndipo kenako kuwonjezeka kwa chiwindi, ndulu ndi kulephera kwaimpso. Zizindikiro zina za matendawa:

• kupweteka kwa minofu;
• kuzizira, kutentha thupi;
• kusowa kwa njala, kufooka kwathunthu.

Tularemia

Zizindikiro za tularemia zimawonekera pakangotha ​​​​maola awiri mutatha kuluma. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa madigiri 41;
• kunyoza, kusanza;
• kukulitsa ma lymph nodes;
• purulent zisindikizo pa malo oluma.

Matendawa amakhudza m`mapapo ndi mucous zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, Inde nthawi zambiri kwambiri. Chithandizo chimatheka kokha kuchipatala.

malungo amawanga

Matendawa amatchedwa chifukwa cha chizindikiro chapadera - maonekedwe a mawanga ofiira kapena ofiirira omwe amawonekera poyamba pamiyendo, ndiyeno amafalikira thupi lonse. Komanso, matendawa amakhudza mitsempha ya magazi ndi kuyambitsa impso kulephera. Zizindikiro zina za malungo amawanga:

• kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha;
• kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi minofu;
• kusanza ndi nseru.

matenda a nyama

Nkhupakupa zimanyamula matenda oopsa kwa nyama. Zodziwika komanso zovuta kwambiri mwa izi ndi:

Matenda onsewa ali ndi matenda osakwanira. Chithandizo cha panthawi yake chokha chingapulumutse moyo wa nyama.

Kupewa matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa

Matenda onse omwe omwa magazi amanyamula amadziwika ndi njira yowopsa ndipo amakhala ndi zovuta zowopsa. Choncho, n'zosavuta kuchita njira zodzitetezera panthawi yake, ndikuthana ndi zotsatira za matenda.

Mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo

Pali zokonzekera zosiyanasiyana zoteteza ku tiziromboti. Mfundo ya zochita zawo ingakhale yosiyana: ena amathamangitsa tizilombo ndi fungo (othamangitsa), ena amayamba kupuwala kenako nkuwapha asanakhale ndi nthawi yomatira (insecticidal).

Kukonzekera kulipo mu mawonekedwe a opopera, aerosols, limafotokoza, mafuta.

Khungu lopanda kanthu limapopedwa ndi mankhwala othamangitsa, zovala zamahema ndi zida zina zimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Pafupifupi mankhwala onse ndi oopsa kwambiri, choncho ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira malangizo. Kuteteza ana, pali kukonzekera kwapadera.

Acaricidal agents

Mankhwala a Acaricidal amaphanso nkhupakupa - zimalowa mkati mwa chivundikiro cha chitinous ndikukhudza manjenje ndi kupuma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo. zochita za acaricides umalimbana kuwononga oimira arachnids, kuphatikizapo nkhupakupa. Kukonzekera kwa Acaricidal kulinso poizoni kwambiri, mukamagwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zodzitetezera.

Katemera

Katemera ndi njira yodzitetezera ndi mphamvu zotsimikiziridwa. Komabe, pali katemera wa encephalitis wofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Katemera ndi mankhwala aku Russia amaloledwa kwa ana azaka zitatu, palinso ma analogue akunja omwe amaloledwa kwa ana kuyambira chaka chimodzi.