Nkhupakupa zazing'ono za bulauni: kuopsa kwa nyama ndi anthu, njira zochotsera ndi njira zodzitetezera ku kulumidwa

Kodi nkhupakupa ya bulauni imawoneka bwanji?

Maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amadalira zosiyanasiyana, siteji ya chitukuko ndi mlingo wa machulukitsidwe ndi magazi. Nkhupakupa za bulauni zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu iyi:

Oimira mitundu yonseyi ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana morphological, koma aliyense wa iwo anapatulidwa kukhala osiyana mitundu kutengera gulu la sayansi. Komanso m'nkhani tikukamba za mtundu wosiyana wa nkhupakupa - bulauni galu nkhupakupa.

Morphology

Kusiyanitsa kwa nkhupakupa kwa galu wofiirira:

• mawonekedwe a thupi ndi lathyathyathya, wooneka ngati misozi, tapering ku zipangizo pakamwa;
• pamutu pali kuluma ndi kuyamwa ziwalo kudya;
• mtundu wa thupi wakuda kapena wofiira-bulauni;
• kutalika kwa thupi ndi 2-4 mm, atadyetsedwa ndi magazi, nkhupakupa kumawonjezeka kukula ndi 10-15 mm;
• alibe maso kapena sawoneka;
• wamkulu ali ndi miyendo 4.

Zitha kuwuluka kapena kulumpha

Kugawa malo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti tafala m’makontinenti onse. Ku Russia, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pagombe la Black Sea, Crimea, Western ndi Eastern Transcaucasia. Kuchokera kumayiko oyandikana nawo - ku Armenia, Turkmenistan. Tizilombo timakhalanso ku Mediterranean, South Asia ndi America.

Zopatsa thanzi za tizilombo

Nkhupakupa ya bulauni imakonda kuluma oimira a canine, komabe, pakalibe wovulalayo, imathanso kuukira munthu. Kumamatira kwa galu, tizilombo timamwa magazi kwa masiku 8, nthawi yonseyi imakhalabe pamalo amodzi.

Ngati munthu wagwidwa, iye parasitize pa thupi lake kwa tsiku.

Nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi zida zabwino pakamwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi chelicerae ndi pedipalps. Mothandizidwa ndi pedipalps, tizilombo timaboola pakhungu, chelicerae imawoneka ngati proboscis yokhala ndi notche. Kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali sikulepheretsa nthata zolusa kukhala ndi moyo.

Ngati palibe chakudya komanso zinthu zina zoipa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwera mu chikhalidwe cha anabiosis, chomwe chimatha kufika kwa zaka zitatu.. Pambuyo kumwa magazi, tizilombo kachiwiri amatha yogwira kubalana ndi chitukuko.

Kubalana

Kuberekana ndi bisexual, anthu momveka bwino anawagawa amuna ndi akazi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapeza wolandira ndikuyamba kudyetsa ndi kukweretsa. Pambuyo machulukitsidwe, yaikazi amasiya thupi la khamu ndi kupita oviposition. Kuchuluka kwa mazira kumadalira kuchuluka kwa machulukitsidwe a mkazi ndi magazi ndi chilengedwe. Pafupifupi, mkazi mmodzi amaikira mazira 200-1700.

Development

Nthawi zambiri nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi masiku 63. Nthawi zambiri, magawo onse a chitukuko chake, arachnid amadutsa pa malaya agalu kapena galu mmodzi. Magawo a kukula kwa nkhupakupa zofiirira:

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mphutsi ndi nymph ndizowopsa kwa nyama ndi anthu, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zonyamula matenda oopsa. Nkhupakupa zomwe sizinafike pamlingo waukulu nthawi zambiri zimaukira nyama, osati anthu.

Mitundu yokhudzana ndi morphologically

Maonekedwe, nkhupakupa za galu ndizofanana kwambiri ndi Rhipicephalus rossicus ndi Rhipicephalus bursa. Oimira mitunduyi amasiyanitsidwa ndi chishango chachikulu cha dorsal mwachikazi, kupanga arc wokhazikika. Mawonekedwe aamuna ndi oblong-oval peritreme ndi njira yayikulu, yopindika kumbali yakumbuyo.

Nchifukwa chiyani nkhupakupa zazing'ono zili zowopsa?

Kuopsa kwa tiziromboti tagona pa kunyamula matenda opatsirana ndi kuwapatsira kudzera mu kulumidwa. Kuonjezera apo, kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa kungayambitse kusokonezeka kwa anaphylactic.

Kodi nkhupakupa imafika bwanji pa munthu

Nkhupakupa zimakwera pamasamba a udzu ndi tchire lotsika. Kumeneko, kutambasula miyendo yawo yakutsogolo, akudikirira nyama, yomwe ikhoza kukhala galu ndi munthu.

Tizilombo sitingathe kulumpha kuchoka ku nyama kupita kwa munthu, koma tikhoza kukwawa pa nthawi yaitali kapena ngati galu ali pabedi limodzi ndi munthu.

Chongani malamulo kuchotsa

Ngati tizilombo tofiirira tapezeka m'thupi, tichotsedwe msanga - izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi chipatala, koma ngati izi sizingatheke, muyenera kuchita nokha.

Momwe mungatulutsire nkhupakupa yaying'ono

Ndondomeko yochotsera nkhupakupa ya galu sikusiyana ndi njira zochotsera majeremusi ena ofanana:

1. Konzani chidebe chokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba kuti nthawi yomweyo muyikemo magazi. Ndikoyeneranso kuyika kachidutswa kakang'ono ka thonje wothira madzi pamenepo.
2. Tetezani khungu kuti lisakhudzidwe ndi nkhupakupa: valani magolovesi azachipatala, kukulunga zala zanu ndi zidutswa za gauze.
3. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma tweezers, chida chapadera, kapena zala zanu, gwirani tizilomboti pafupi ndi khungu momwe mungathere.
4. Pang'onopang'ono pindani nkhupakupa mbali iliyonse ndikuchotsa. Ndikofunika kuchita mosamala, osapanga kusuntha kwadzidzidzi.
5. Ikani tizilombo totengedwa mu chidebe ndikutseka chivindikirocho.
6. Thirani malo oluma ndi antiseptic iliyonse: hydrogen peroxide, mowa, ayodini.

Kenaka, muyenera kufufuza chilondacho: ngati dontho lakuda likuwonekera pansi pa khungu, ndiye kuti mutu wa nkhupakupa unachoka ndikukhalabe m'thupi la wozunzidwayo. Pankhaniyi, mutha kuyesa kuchotsa ndi singano, ngati splinter. Ngati sikunali kotheka, ingodzazani ndi ayodini - patatha masiku angapo thupi lokha lidzakana thupi lachilendo.

kuluma nkhupakupa

Tizilombo tomwe timakakamira pathupi la nyama timatha kumwa magazi kwa masiku 8, koma timatuluka pakhungu. Nkhupakupa imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa pathupi la munthu: pafupifupi tsiku. Itha kukhalapo pang'ono ngati ikanirira malo otetezedwa ndi ulusi. Ngati nkhupakupa sinazindikiridwe, imagwera yokha. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chizindikirocho chidzakhalabe pamalo olumidwa ndi dzenje lodziwika pakati, pamalo omwe mutu wake unali.

Kodi nkhupakupa imaluma bwanji komanso kuti?

Majeremusi ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kununkhiza, amapeza wozunzidwayo mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera. Nyama kapena munthu akamayandikira, tizilomboto timaika patsogolo zikhadabo zake ndi kumamatira ku ubweya kapena khungu. Tizilombo timakonda kuluma m'malo omwe khungu ndi lopyapyala komanso losakhwima. Malo omwe mumakonda kuluma nyama:

• m'mimba;
• khosi;
• dera la groin;
• miyendo yakumbuyo m'dera la ntchafu;
• makutu.

Kwa anthu, nkhupakupa zimapezeka nthawi zambiri:

• khosi;
• dera kumbuyo kwa makutu;
• mbali zamkati za miyendo;
• pansi pa mawondo;
• dera la mkhwapa;
• m'mimba;
• groin.

Malovu a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amakhala ndi enzyme yomwe imakhala ndi analgesic effect, kotero kuluma sikumayambitsa kupweteka ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosazindikirika kwa nthawi yaitali.

Zoyenera kuchita ukalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Choyamba, m'pofunika kuchotsa tizilomboti mwamsanga ndi kutumiza ku labotale kuti akafufuze. Ngati munthu wapezeka kuti wadwala magazi, ayenera kupita kuchipatala.

Madokotala adzapereka malingaliro pa kupewa matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa, ngati kuli kofunikira, njira ya immunoglobulin ndi mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ingaperekedwe.

Kukaona chipatala ayenera mkati 3 patatha masiku kuukira kwa tiziromboti. M'pofunika kulemba tsiku la kuluma pa kalendala ndi kuwunika mmene thanzi kwa masiku 21.

Ngati zizindikiro zoopsa zikuoneka, monga malungo, kufooka, kupweteka kwa minofu, muyenera mwamsanga kuonana ndi dokotala. Ngati nkhupakupa yaluma chiweto, malingaliro ake ndi ofanana: muyenera kuonana ndi veterinarian wanu kuti akupatseni malangizo ndikutsatira kwa masabata atatu.

Matenda otengedwa ndi nkhupakupa

Nkhupakupa zamtundu wa canine sizilekerera matenda omwe amapezeka ndi nkhupakupa monga encephalitis ndi matenda a Lyme. Komabe, amatha kupatsira matenda ena oopsa:

1. Babesiosis (piroplasmosis). Matenda oopsa kwambiri agalu. Kachilomboka kamalowa m'maselo ofiira a magazi ndipo kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa imfa. Khalidwe zizindikiro: magazi mu mkodzo, chikasu cha mucous nembanemba. Imadziwonetseranso mu mawonekedwe a kufooka, mphwayi, kutentha thupi.
2. Anaplasmosis. Kachilomboka kamalowa m'mapulateleti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziundana. Zizindikiro zakunja za matenda: ulesi, kutentha thupi, kusowa kwa njala.
3. Rickettsiosis (Marseilles fever). Pachimake matenda matenda ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: zotupa pakhungu monga roseola, kutupa mwanabele, malungo. Matendawa ndi owopsa kwa anthu.
4. Crimea hemorrhagic fever, yomwe imadziwika kuti "Crimea matenda". Matendawa amayamba ndi malungo, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa thupi. Kachilomboka kamayambitsa mitsempha ya endothelium, kuchititsa mphuno, kutuluka magazi m'kamwa. Kutaya magazi m'mimba kumatha kuchitika, zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri matendawa. Matendawa amakhudza anthu okha.

Njira zodzitetezera ku nkhupakupa

Pali zinthu zambiri zowononga tizilombo pamsika masiku ano. Zonsezi ndi zothandiza pamlingo wina ndipo siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.

Zolepheretsa

Zochita zothamangitsa zimachokera ku kuthamangitsa tizilombo mothandizidwa ndi fungo losasangalatsa kwa iwo. Kukonzekera kumapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a opopera, lotions, aerosols ndi mafuta. Mankhwala ambiri amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo osadziwika bwino a thupi, komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira zovala ndi zipangizo. Odziwika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi awa:

Acaricides

Nthawi zambiri, kukonzekera acaricidal amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a aerosols. Zomwe zimagwira ntchito, alfamethrin, cypermethrin, kukhala ndi mitsempha-paralytic zotsatira pa nkhupakupa, chifukwa chake tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timataya mphamvu yake yosuntha ndikuchoka pakhungu kapena zovala.

Ma Acaricides ndi oopsa kwambiri, choncho sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsegula malo a thupi. Zovala ziyenera kukonzedwa popanda kuvala. Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri okhala ndi acaricidal:

Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala ophera tizirombo

Kukonzekera kwa gululi kumaonedwa kuti ndi kothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa kumaphatikizapo kukonzekera kwawo kothamangitsidwa ndi acaricidal. Zothandiza kuteteza osati nkhupakupa, komanso ku tizilombo tina.

Katemera

Pakali pano, katemera wapangidwa kokha kwa nkhupakupa zofalitsidwa ndi encephalitis. Mutha kulandira katemera kuchipatala chilichonse chomwe chili ndi chilolezo. Katemera wamoyo, pakalowa kachilomboka, amazindikira ndikuyamba kulimbana nayo.

Zonse

Popita kumadera kumene nkhupakupa zimakhala, muyenera kuvala zovala zodzitetezera. Muyenera kusankha zinthu za mithunzi yopepuka - ndizosavuta kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mathalauza amayenera kuikidwa m'masokisi, ma cuffs ayenera kukhala mozungulira mikono.

Nkhupakupa imakwawa kuchokera pansi kupita mmwamba, choncho ndi bwino kuyika jekete mu thalauza. Zofunika kolala yapamwamba ndi chovala, hood. Zovala zapadera zotsutsana ndi nkhupakupa zikugulitsidwanso.

Thandizo lachipatala ndi kuluma pamene ntchito

Kuluma nkhupakupa kumayambitsa mantha mwa ambiri, koma muyenera kuchita modekha komanso molimba mtima. Mutha kulumikizana ndi bungwe lililonse lazachipatala: dipatimenti ya opaleshoni, dipatimenti yodzidzimutsa, chipinda chodzidzimutsa. Ngati izi sizingatheke, nkhupakupa idachotsedwa yokha ndipo palibe madandaulo, muyenera kuwona dokotala mkati mwa masiku atatu. Matenda opatsirana owopsa sangawonekere kwa nthawi yayitali, dokotala adzapereka njira zonse zodzitetezera.

Njira zowongolera

Panopa, njira zambiri zapangidwa pofuna kuthana ndi nkhupakupa za ixodid. Zitha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi katswiri kapena nokha.

Zochita zolimbana

Disinsection imatha kuchitidwa paokha, komabe, zogulitsa zogulitsa sizothandiza ngati mankhwala apadera.

Akatswiri amadziwa momwe komanso kuchuluka kwa kupopera mankhwala koteroko kuti akhale otetezeka, amagwira ntchito mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zapadera, popanda zomwe kumwa mankhwalawa kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.

Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala opangidwa ndi akatswiri ndi okwera mtengo ndipo amagulitsidwa m'matumba akuluakulu, omwe ndi okwanira kuchiza madera angapo.

Njira zothandizira

Kuphatikiza pa kuchitira malowa kuti athane ndi nkhupakupa, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zodzitetezera:

• kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza nyama (kolala, madontho, emulsions, etc.) ndi anthu (zothamangitsa, ma acaricides, chitetezo cha zovala);
• pewani kutaya zinyalala pamalopo: chotsani zinyalala za zomera, masamba akugwa;
• kumenyana ndi makoswe: ndi zovala zapamwamba za mphutsi za ixodid.