Earth mite: mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe, zakudya ndi moyo, kupewa

Udindo wa nthata m'nthaka m'chilengedwe

Nthaka imakhala ndi zinthu zamoyo komanso zopanda moyo zomwe zimapezeka mosakanikirana zosiyanasiyana. Nthata zam'nthaka zimalola kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tizikhala m'nthaka, komanso zimathandizira kulimba kwa ma humus, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakubweza kwa mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zikule m'nthaka, komanso kuchita ngati zowononga zinthu za organic.

Makhalidwe a nthata m'nthaka

Dothi kapena nthata zapadziko lapansi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tamtundu wa arachnid, wokhala ndi thupi lapadera lomwe limalola kuluma zipolopolo zolimba za zomera ndikupanga ndime.

Kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Tizilombo ta m'nthaka tili ndi mawonekedwe awa:

• kukula kwa thupi 0,2-1 mm;
• thupi lozungulira lokhala ndi chonyezimira, mthunzi wachikasu, wowoneka bwino;
• 4 awiriawiri miyendo;
• pali zikhadabo zamphamvu, chifukwa chomwe tizilombo timaluma mayendedwe ake m'nthaka.

Kukula mkombero wa nthata m'nthaka

Kayendedwe kake ka nthata m'nthaka simasiyana ndi kakulidwe ka oyimira ena amtundu wa arthropods ndipo kumaphatikizapo magawo otsatirawa a chitukuko: dzira, larva, nymph, wamkulu. Tizilombo timachulukana pamizu ndi ma tubers. Akazi ndi ochuluka kwambiri ndipo amatha kuikira mazira 200-300 m'madera owonongeka a zomera.

Chikhalidwe cha zakudya

Malingana ndi mtundu wa chakudya, arachnids amagawidwa m'magulu angapo:

Mitundu ya nthata zomwe zimakhala m'nthaka

M'nthaka, pamizu ndi ma tubers a zomera, mitundu iwiri ya nthata imakhazikika: tyrophagus ndi rhizoglyphus.

Rhizoglyphus

Rhizoglyphus kapena bulb mite amatha kudya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya: anyezi, mbatata, mphesa, mbewu zokongoletsa ndi chimanga. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 0,8-1 mm., Thupi ndi lalitali, lachikasu mumtundu. Miyendo ndi yaifupi komanso yokhuthala, iliyonse ili ndi spikes zazikulu.

Ngati babu ali ndi mawotchi kuwonongeka, tizilombo likulowerera mwa iwo ndi kudya timadziti. Ngati palibe chiwonongeko, amaluma mabowo pawokha mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu.

Imakonda chinyezi chambiri, malo abwino kwambiri ake ndi 100% chinyezi ndi kutentha kwakukulu - njira zamoyo za nkhupakupa zimafulumizitsa kale kutentha kwa madigiri +15. Anyezi mite amatha kuikira mazira 800, omwe mphutsi zimawonekera patatha masiku 7-10, zomwe zimayamba kudyetsa.

Tyrophagus

Dzina lina la mtundu uwu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi putrefactive mite. Mbali yake ndi elongated mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu kuwononga kwambiri chipatso. M'malo abwinobwino, tiziromboti timakhala m'nthaka zakuya, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, zimasunthira ku chomera, ndikukonda mphukira zazing'ono.

Zizindikiro za matenda a tyrophagus ndi:

• kuyanika kwa mababu ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga pa iwo;
• kutembenuza mkati mwa tubers kukhala fumbi;
• mawonekedwe amtundu wa bulauni wonyezimira mkati mwa masamba, kunja kwake ngati zolengeza.

Njira yayikulu yothanirana ndi tizilombo zamtunduwu ndikuwongolera chinyezi m'nthaka. Zobzala ziyenera kusungidwa mu chipinda chouma, ziyenera kutenthedwa musanadzalemo. Mababu owonongeka sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Pochiza mbewu zomwe zili ndi kachilombo, phytoverm, nissoran, kukonzekera kwa sunmite zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mite yapadziko lapansi: zizindikiro za matenda

M'mikhalidwe yabwino, tizirombo timakhala mozama kwambiri m'nthaka. Ngati ma arthropods akuwoneka pansi, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chawo chapitilira zomwe zimaloledwa ndipo zimachulukana mwachangu kwambiri. Zizindikiro zina za nsabwe za m'nthaka ndi monga:

• kuwonekera pamizu ya chomera cha grooves ambiri, momwe fumbi laling'ono loyera likuwonekera;
• mababu amafota ndikuuma, zowola zimawonekera;
• ma tubers amakhala otayirira, ovunda, amasweka m'manja;
• kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mbewu, kusinthika kwa primordia ya mapesi a maluwa;
• fungo lovunda limachokera m'nthaka;
• mabowo ang'onoang'ono amawoneka pamasamba, ofanana ndi punctures za singano;
• kukhalapo kwa zipolopolo za mphutsi m'nthaka;
• bulauni ❖ kuyanika pa mkati mwa masamba.

Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kosawoneka bwino, ndizosatheka kuwona tizilombo ndi maso, koma timawoneka bwino kudzera mugalasi lokulitsa.

Nsabwe za m'nthaka: njira zowongolera

Kulimbana ndi tiziromboti m'nthaka kuyenera kukhala kokwanira. Kuchita izi, ntchito mankhwala, thupi ndi wowerengeka njira.

Chemical attack

Mankhwala ndi njira yomaliza yothana ndi tizirombo. Ziyenera kumveka kuti ngakhale mankhwala amakono ali ndi kawopsedwe kakang'ono, amatha kuvulaza munthu.

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Mankhwala ophera tizirombo amatchedwa mankhwala osakhala achindunji, zomwe zimalimbana ndi mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo. Pofuna kuthana ndi nthata za nthaka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsatirawa:

Acaricides

Zochita za kukonzekera kwa acaricidal zimayendetsedwa ndi oimira gulu la arachnid. Mankhwala omwe amapanga ma acaricidal agents amayambitsa kufa ziwalo ndi kufa kwa nkhupakupa. Kukonzekera kotsatiraku kwasonyeza kuchita bwino kwambiri polimbana ndi tizirombo ta m’nthaka:

kukhudza thupi

Pakuti kusintha kwa zomera ndi chiwonongeko cha nthata nthaka, kuwonjezera mankhwala ndi mankhwala, izo m`pofunika kuchita ya zina miyeso.

Kuyeretsa nthaka ndi kusefera

Chifukwa chachikulu chogwira ntchito kuberekana kwa nthata zam'nthaka ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komanso zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe sizingawonongeke.

Zizindikirozi zimatha kusinthidwa poyeretsa ndi kusefa nthaka ndikubwezeretsanso bwino.

Kuti muchite izi, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kuthirira, kwa zomera zamkati, kupanga ngalande pansi pa mphika.

Kubzala mbewu m'nthaka yopanda kanthu

Ngati dziko lapansi ladzala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tidzafunika kuloŵedwa m’malo ndi latsopano. Kotero kuti mkhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a tizilombo tochuluka zisachitike kachiwiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musatenthe nthaka. Mungathe kuchita izi m’njira zotsatirazi:

• kuphika mu uvuni mpaka kutentha kwa mkati kwa nthaka kufika madigiri 80;
• kutentha mu microwave kwa masekondi 90;
• kuphika mu saucepan, kugona m'madzi otentha ndikudikirira mphindi 15.

Kuyika mizu ya zomera m'madzi

Musanasinthire, mizu ya mbewuyo iyeneranso kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti tichite izi, choyamba, m'pofunika kuchotsa kwathunthu dothi lakale kwa iwo, kuchotsa kuchuluka kwa dothi kumakaniko, ndiyeno mutenge mizu ingapo ndikusintha madzi.

Maphikidwe a anthu

Palinso maphikidwe owerengeka ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuthana ndi tizirombo ta m'nthaka.

Decoction wa tansy

Decoction ya tansy imathandizira kupha mizu ya chomera ndikuletsa kuwonekeranso kwa nthata. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonzekera decoction: 100 gr. youma tansy kutsanulira 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ndi wiritsani kwa mphindi 15. Kuziziritsa madzi otuluka, ndiye tsitsani mizu kapena mababu a chomera chomwe chili ndi kachilomboka kwa theka la ola.

Njira zodzitetezera ku matenda

Nthawi zambiri, nthata zimayambira muzomera za bulbous. Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malangizo awa:

• maluwa amkati amkati ayenera kuperekedwa ndi ngalande zabwino, zomera zisamwe madzi mopitirira muyeso, phale liyenera kukhala louma;
• Zobzala zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisungidwe m'matumba osindikizidwa, m'malo amdima komanso omasuka malinga ndi chinyezi, ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo musanabzalidwe;
• zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zikawoneka, njira zowapha ziyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo.