Chikumbu ngati nkhupakupa: momwe mungasiyanitsire "mavampires" owopsa ndi tizirombo tina

Wolemba nkhaniyi

703 mawonedwe

11 min. za kuwerenga

Munthu mbuli, akaona tizilombo tooneka ngati nkhupakupa, angaganize kuti ndi tizilombo toopsa. Koma pakati pa tizilombo totere sipakhala zoyamwitsa magazi zokha zowopsa kwa anthu. Pali zamoyo zomwe zimadya zomera zokha, kapena tizilombo tomwe timaluma munthu ndi cholinga chodziteteza. Palinso tizilombo topanda vuto lililonse timene timapindula ngakhale ndi chilengedwe komanso anthu.

Zamkatimu

Momwe nkhupakupa zenizeni zimawonekera
- Zomangamanga
- Mitundu yayikulu ya nkhupakupa
Arthropods ndi tizilombo tofanana ndi nkhupakupa
Chitetezo kwa olowa ndi njira zodzitetezera

Momwe nkhupakupa zenizeni zimawonekera

Anthu ambiri amaganiza molakwika kuti nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo, koma kwenikweni ndi gulu la arachnids. Zitha kuwoneka kuti muzinthu zina za thupi ndi khalidwe, nthata zimafanana ndi akangaude.

Zomangamanga

Makhalidwe a nthata amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, kutengera mitundu, koma ambiri amakhala ndi zofanana Zomangamanga:

kukula kwa 0,2 mpaka 5 mm;
thupi ndi chowulungika, convex, nthawi zina tapering m'mphepete;
nkhupakupa zonse zili ndi zikhadabo 4, ndipo mphutsi zomwe zikukula zimakhala ndi mapeyala atatu;
Chiwalo cha masomphenya palibe kapena chofooka, chimasinthidwa ndi zolandilira tcheru;
bloodsuckers ndi bulauni mu mithunzi yosiyana, ndi mitundu kuti parasitize zomera mitundu yowala: chikasu, wobiriwira, buluu ndi wofiira.

Mitundu yayikulu ya nkhupakupa

Nkhupakupa ndi gulu lochuluka kwambiri la kalasi yawo. Pali mitundu yopitilira 54 ya arachnids awa. Muyenera kudziwa mitundu ingapo yomwe ili yofala kwambiri kuposa ina kuti mudziwe ngati nyamakaziyi ili pachiwopsezo kwa anthu.

Mtundu wa nkhupakupa	mbali
ixodid	Izi ndi tizilombo tomwe timakumana ndi munthu m'nyengo yofunda. Mtundu umenewu umakhala m’nkhalango, m’mapaki komanso m’udzu wokhuthala. Onse nyama ndi anthu amakhala nkhonya zake. Mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yayitali yayitali, nkhupakupa imamatirira tsitsi la anthu okhala m'nkhalango kapena zovala za munthu, kenako imadutsa m'thupi ndipo ikapeza malo osalimba kwambiri pakhungu, imayamba. kudyetsa.
argasovy	Wodya magazi omwe amadya magazi a ziweto, mbalame, ziweto zazing'ono ndi zazikulu, ndipo nthawi zina anthu. M'malo mwa chipolopolo, chomwe chili mu mitundu ina, chimakhala ndi chophimba chofewa chomwe chimafanana ndi khungu. Mutu wa nkhupakupa uli pafupi ndi mkati mwa thupi, choncho pafupifupi wosaoneka. Tizilombo timeneti timapezeka m’ming’alu, zisa za mbalame ndi m’makola a nkhuku. Kulumidwa ndi argasid mite kumakhala kowawa kwambiri komanso kuyabwa chifukwa cha malovu ake oopsa.
Gamazovy	Parasite, kukula kwake sikudutsa 2,5 mm. Amadya kwambiri magazi a mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono, komanso amatha kuluma anthu. Nkhupakupa imakhala m'malo okhala nyama, m'mabwinja ndi zisa. Mbalame zikaluma zimatha kukanda khungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthenga ziwonongeke.
Zam'munsi	Ndi tizilombo tooneka ngati nyongolotsi tomwe timakhala pakhungu la anthu ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa. Miyeso yake ndi 0,2 mpaka 0,5 mm. Mtundu uwu wa nthata amakhala nsidze, maso ndi sebaceous ducts pakhungu (kudyetsa sebum). Kukhalapo kwa anthu angapo pa 1 cm2 ndizozoloŵera, koma ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tichuluka kwambiri, zotsatira zosafunika zingawonekere: chifuwa, ziphuphu, blepharitis ndi conjunctivitis.
khola	Tizirombo tomwe timadya tirigu, ufa ndi chimanga. Ili ndi thupi lowoneka bwino, kukula kwake - kuchokera ku 0,2 mpaka 0,5 mm. Mite iyi imatha kuwononga tirigu wambiri. Mukangomwa chakudya, zimatha kuyambitsa ziwengo.
gossamer	Ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timakhala toopsa kwa anthu, nyama ndi mbalame. Izi ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi theka la millimeter. Nthendazi zimadya madzi a zomera, zomwe zimawononga minda, minda yakukhitchini ndi maluwa amkati. Pamasamba omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, mutha kuwona ukonde woonda kwambiri wokhala ndi madontho ofiira ambiri, omwe ndi nthata. Chifukwa cha tizirombozi, masamba a mbewuyo amauma pang’onopang’ono, ndipo imatha kufa.
Madzi kapena nyanja	Chilombo chomwe chimakhala m'madzi atsopano osasunthika, ndipo nthawi zina m'madzi amchere. Thupi lawo lili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayitali kuposa ena onse kuti azitha kuyenda bwino m'madzi. Ozunzidwa ake ndi anthu ang'onoang'ono okhala m'madzi. Nkhupakupa imaboola m’thupi la nyama yakeyo n’kubaya mankhwala akupha mwapadera, kenako imayamwa. Kwa anthu, arachnid yam'madzi iyi ndi yopanda vuto.

Mitundu yotchulidwa ya nkhupakupa zomwe zimadya magazi a anthu ndizoopsa, chifukwa zimanyamula matenda aakulu: encephalitis, malungo a hemorrhagic, mliri, typhoid, tularemia, matenda a Lyme ndi ena.

Arthropods ndi tizilombo tofanana ndi nkhupakupa

Mitundu ina ya tizilombo ndi arthropods, chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo kapena kuluma kwawo, imatha kusokonezeka ndi nkhupakupa, makamaka ngati mukukumana nazo kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tithane nawo bwino ndikutha kudziteteza.

Zina mwazo zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri kuposa nkhupakupa, ndipo zina, m'malo mwake, zimapindulitsa munthu.

Utitiri wamba

Ntchentche zofala ndi tizirombo toyamwa magazi tomwe timadya nyama ndi anthu. Ziwalo zakumbuyo zazitali, zomwe zimawalola kulumpha mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi, kuwasiyanitsa ndi zina zamagazi. Kukula kwa tizilombo kumadalira mitunduyo ndipo kumatha kuchoka pa 1 mpaka 5 mm, kukula kwakukulu ndi 10 mm. Thupi lawo ndi loderapo moderapo. Ntchentche zimachokera mumsewu kupita m'nyumba ya munthu, pokhala pa tsitsi la ziweto kapena zovala, komanso zimalowa kuchokera kwa anansi. Mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, ntchentche sizikhala mu ubweya wa nyama zomwe zimadya. Amalumphira pa nyama kuti apeze chakudya, ndipo amakonda kukhala m'malo achinsinsi a nyumbayo, komwe amayikanso mazira: m'ming'alu ya pansi, kuseri kwa plinth, pogona chiweto, m'malo odzaza. Kuti aluma pakhungu, ma bloodsuckers ali ndi zida zapadera zapakamwa. Kulumidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumawoneka ngati mawanga ofiira okhala ndi pakati pamdima, kukumbukira kulumidwa ndi udzudzu, komwe kuli kangapo pafupi. Kuyabwa kwakukulu kumawonekera pamalo olumidwa. Ntchentche, monga nkhupakupa, zimatha kunyamula matenda oopsa: mliri, anthrax, encephalitis, komanso zimatha kupatsirana ndi helminths.

Deer bloodsucker

Gwape woyamwitsa magazi (elk fly kapena elk elk nkhupakupa) ali ndi zofanana ndi nkhupakupa. Munthu amene wayamba kukumana nazo amatha kusokoneza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda awiriwa komanso kuganiza kuti pali nkhupakupa zokhala ndi mapiko. Mbawala yamagazi, mosiyana ndi nkhupakupa, ndi tizilombo ta banja la Diptera. Mutha kusiyanitsa mosavuta ntchentche iyi ndi tizirombo tina ngati mutaphunzira mawonekedwe ake. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mapiko awiri owoneka bwino omwe ali m'mbali mwa thupi, kukula kwa magazi ndi 5 mm, ndipo pamimba pake kumawonjezeka pambuyo pa kukhutitsidwa ndi magazi kapena panthawi yoyembekezera, ntchentche imakhala ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi tinyanga tating'ono, pali chiwalo. masomphenya, chifukwa chimene chimasiyanitsa mikombero ya zinthu zazikulu, bloodsucker ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi, pamene nkhupakupa ndi eyiti. Tizilomboti timakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Amapezeka m'nkhalango kumene gwero lake lalikulu la chakudya lili - nyama zakutchire: nswala, mbawala, mbawala, nguluwe, zimbalangondo. Woyamwa magazi anjala amathanso kupha ziweto ngakhalenso anthu. Kachilomboka kamauluka mtunda waufupi. Pazanja zake pali zikhadabo zomwe amamatira ku ubweya kapena tsitsi la wozunzidwayo. Atakhazikika pathupi, tizilomboti timachotsa mapiko ake, motero timakhala ngati nkhupakupa. Mothandizidwa ndi proboscis yapadera, ntchentcheyo imaboola khungu ndikumwa magazi. Kuluma kwake kumakhudza anthu m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Ululu ndi kuyabwa zingamveke m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo amatha kukhala ndi malaise kapena dermatitis. Komanso, tizilombo timatha kunyamula matenda oopsa, monga matenda a Lyme.

Nsikidzi

Ngati nkhupakupa zimapezeka m'chilengedwe, ndiye kuti malo akuluakulu a moyo wa nsikidzi ndi nyumba ya munthu. Nsikidzi ndi tizilombo ta 6 mpaka 8 mm zomwe zimadya magazi a anthu kapena ziweto, zomwe sizofala kwambiri. Satha kuwuluka kapena kulumpha, koma amasuntha mwachangu, ndikudutsa pafupifupi mita imodzi mumphindi imodzi. Thupi la tizilomboto ndi lozungulira komanso lofiirira mumtundu, zomwe zimasintha kukhala zofiira kwambiri ngati kachilomboka kali ndi magazi. Ili ndi mapeyala atatu a miyendo ndi tinyanga tating'ono pamutu pake. Masana, tizilombo timabisala mu mipando, nsalu za bedi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamkati, ndipo usiku zimapita kukasaka. Nsikidzi imaukira mwadongosolo, pambuyo pa kuukira kamodzi munthu amasiyidwa ndi kulumidwa kambirimbiri. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu angapo amatha kuluma munthu usiku. Malo olumidwawo amakhala ofiira ndi kuyabwa, ndipo nthawi zina sagwirizana nawo. N'zovuta kuchotsa tiziromboti, koma kachilombo kodyetsedwa bwino kumatha kufa chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa thupi, kotero kuti munthu ali pabedi lake m'mawa amatha kupeza tizilombo takufa.

akangaude enieni

Ngakhale kuti akangaude enieni ndi nthata ali m'gulu lomwelo, n'zosavuta kusiyanitsa wina ndi mzake. akangaude enieni ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yambiri yamitundu ya arachnid. Ali ndi miyendo 8, ngati nkhupakupa. Miyendo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa thupi. Thupi la convex limakhala ndi cephalothorax ndi mimba, kukula kwake kumasiyana malinga ndi mitundu. Akangaude ali ndi chiwalo cha masomphenya. Nkhupakupa ndi kangaude zimapeza anthu omwe akuzunzidwa chifukwa chakusaka mosasamala: samatsata, koma amadikirira. Monga mukudziwira, kuti akagwire tizilombo, akangaude enieni amaluka ukonde. Gwero la chakudya chawo ndi tizilombo, mitundu ikuluikulu imatha kusaka mbalame, ndipo imatha kuluma munthu pofuna kuteteza. Akangaude ang'onoang'ono omwe munthu amapeza m'nyumba sizowopsa, chifukwa sangathe ngakhale kuluma pakhungu, koma tisaiwale kuti palinso oimira owopsa a kalasi iyi. Kangaude amapindulitsa onse aŵiri munthu, kuchotsa tizilombo m’nyumba mwake, ndi chilengedwe, kulamulira chiŵerengero cha tizilombo.

buku zabodza chinkhanira

Bukhu la chinkhanira chabodza (kuchokera ku dongosolo la zinkhanira zabodza) likufanana ndi nkhupakupa kokha chifukwa ndi woimira gulu la arachnid. Zamoyozi zimakhala ndi maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi chifukwa cha zikhadabo ziwiri zomwe zili mbali ya zida zapakamwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzisiyanitsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti muwone chinkhanira chonyenga, mudzafunika galasi lokulitsa, chifukwa miyeso yake siposa 4 mm. Arachnid uyu ali ndi thupi lozungulira lofiirira komanso miyendo 8. Mwa mitundu ina, chiwalo cha masomphenya palibe, mwa ena chimakhala chofooka, kotero kuti zinkhanira zabodza zimakhala ndi zolandilira. Amakhala m'malo okhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokwanira, tomwe timawapezera chakudya. Angapezeke m'nyumba zakale, zisa ndi malo okhala nyama, m'malo omwe zinthu zakale zimasungidwa, kumene sizidzasokonezedwa ndi anthu. Kwa munthu, bukhu la chinkhanira chonyenga silibweretsa ngozi, koma limapindulitsa. Arachnid amawononga tizirombo tating'ono: tizilombo towononga mabuku, nsikidzi, nthata za fumbi, ndi zina zotero.

nsabwe za thupi

Nsabwe za m'thupi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi ndi tizilombo tokhala ndi thupi lowoneka bwino la bulauni mpaka 6 mm kukula kwake. Ali ndi miyendo 6. Majeremusi amakhala masiku 30 mpaka 45. Mosiyana ndi nkhupakupa, nsabwe zamtunduwu sizimasokoneza munthu, koma zimangomuluma. Amakhala m’makwinya ndi mulu wa zovala, amaikira mazira awo mmenemo. Kuchokera pa zovala, nsabwe zimafika mosavuta pakhungu kuti zitenge magazi okwanira, izi zimachitika kangapo patsiku. Zida zawo zapakamwa zimakhala ndi mphuno yokhala ndi singano zoboola. Malovu amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa magazi kuundana komanso opha ululu. Kuluma kumawoneka ngati mabala, kumatha kuchira kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuyabwa kwambiri. Mutha kupeza nsabwe zapathupi kuchokera kwa anthu ena. Tizilombo timeneti titha kuyambitsa ziwengo ndikunyamula matenda.

Mphutsi za Gadfly

Ntchentche zimaikira mazira mu ubweya wa nyama, koma nthawi zina ntchentche imatha kukhazika mphutsi pansi pa khungu la munthu. Gadfly amapezeka m'mayiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha. Mphutsi zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 20 mm, thupi lake liri ndi mtundu wowala. Mphindi ya kulowa kwake pansi pa khungu ndi yopanda ululu komanso imperceptible. Tizilomboti timakhazikika mu minofu ya thupi chifukwa cha barbs yapadera. Kukulitsa, mphutsi amadya magazi, pamene kumasula zinthu zimene zimayambitsa ululu, chifukwa chimene munthu akhoza kukhala khungu myiasis. Pali nthawi pamene mphutsi analowa diso, zimene zinachititsa imfa ya masomphenya. Pambuyo pa miyezi 3-4, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timachoka m'thupi la nyama kapena munthu. Pambuyo pa mphutsi ya gadfly imapezeka pansi pa khungu, imachotsedwa opaleshoni.

Beetle kozheed

Tizilombo tokhala ngati nkhupakupa ndi membala wa dongosolo la Coleoptera. Chikumbucho chili ndi thupi looneka ngati oval ndi kutalika kwa 1,3 mpaka 12 mm. Pamutu waung'ono wa tizilombo pali tinyanga tating'ono. Mtundu umadalira mitundu. Mosiyana ndi nthata, kachilomboka kamakonda kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa. Tizilombozi timawononga kwambiri, kuwononga zosonkhanitsira zakale. Gwero la chakudya cha kachilomboka kozheed ndi chikopa, ubweya, ubweya, nthenga, zomangira mabuku, zinthu zina (nyama, tchizi). Milandu yomwe tizilombo ikaluma munthu sichitikachitika, chifukwa kachilomboka sikamayamwa magazi.

Tizilombo tofiira tating'ono

Kwa tizirombo tating'ono tofiira, munthu amatha kutenga imodzi mwa mitundu ya nkhupakupa - kachilomboka kofiira. Kutalika kwa arthropod ndi 10 - 15 mm. Thupi limakhala lofiira ndipo lakutidwa ndi villi. Zapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhupakupa yofiira si tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a anthu ndipo sichimayambitsa mavuto. Ikhoza kudya zakudya za zomera ndi kuwononga tizilombo tina. Nkhupakupa imatha kuluma munthu podziteteza. Mukaphwanya arthropod, imasiya banga lofiira chifukwa cha pigment yake.

Chitetezo kwa olowa ndi njira zodzitetezera

Tizilombo toyamwa magazi tingatengere munthu matenda aakulu, ndipo tizirombo tingawononge zomera za m’nyumba ndi mbewu zonse. Ngati mumalimbana bwino ndi tizilombo tofanana ndi nkhupakupa ndi nkhupakupa zokha ndikudziteteza, mutha kudziteteza.

Kuchokera ku nkhupakupa zomwe zimawononga anthu, zovala zotsekedwa zomwe muyenera kuvala poyenda mu paki ndi nkhalango zidzateteza. Zovala ziyenera kukhala zopepuka kuti nkhupakupa ziwoneke mosavuta. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zotsutsana ndi magazi (otsutsa) pakhungu. Pambuyo poyenda, muyenera kufufuza thupi.
Mutha kupewa kuoneka kwa nsabwe zapathupi ngati muchapa zovala zanu pa nthawi yake. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikuwonekabe, muyenera kutsuka zovala zanu m'madzi otentha kapena kuchiza ndi zinthu zapadera.
Ntchentche za nyama zimachotsedwa ndi ma shampoos ndi mankhwala oopsa, zomwe ziyenera kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera kuti zisawononge chiweto. Kuti muteteze nyama ku maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mumatha kupesa chovalacho nthawi zonse.
Kuyeretsa fumbi m'chipindamo kudzakuthandizani kumenyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuyeretsa nthawi zonse kudzateteza kuoneka kwa majeremusi ena ambiri.
Polimbana ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana, mutha kuthira tizilombo m'malo.
Chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Komanso, pofuna kupewa, m'pofunika kuchitira chilimwe kanyumba kapena dimba ndi njira zapadera.
Mukhoza kuchotsa tizilombo m'nyumba ndi chotsukira. Chikwama cha zinyalala chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyenera kuchotsedwa kuti tizirombo zisatuluke.
Kuti tizilombo tisalowe m'chipindamo, ming'alu iyenera kutsekedwa, ndipo mawindo ndi misampha yomata iyenera kuikidwa pawindo.

Kuyang'ana osati zovuta njira zodzitetezera, adzapambana kupewa zotsatira zoopsa za kukumana ndi bloodsuckers ndi tizirombo. Zothandiza arachnids ndi bwino kuti asawononge, chifukwa amathandizanso kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Poyamba

NkhupakupaKodi nkhupakupa zimakhala kwanthawi yayitali bwanji popanda chakudya: zolimba ndi zowopsa bwanji panjala

Chotsatira

NkhupakupaMomwe nkhupakupa imapumira ikalumidwa, kapena "mavampire" ochepa omwe amalephera kufooketsa panthawi yachakudya