Kangaude pa tomato: Kachirombo kakang'ono koma kosaoneka bwino kamene kamalimidwa
M'minda yamaluwa komanso m'malo obiriwira, majeremusi okhumudwitsa amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timawononga zomera ndikudya kuyamwa. Kangaude pa tomato ndi chimodzimodzi. Tizilombo tikapezeka, ndikofunikira kuyamba kulimbana nawo nthawi yomweyo kuti mupulumutse mbewu.
Zamkatimu
- Kodi akangaude ndi ndani ndipo ndi owopsa bwanji kwa tomato?
- Zifukwa za maonekedwe a tizirombo pa tomato
- Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa tomato ndi nthata
- Njira Zowononga Tizirombo
- Ndi liti pamene kuli koyenera kuchitira tomato motsutsana ndi akangaude?
- Mbali za polimbana nkhupakupa mu wowonjezera kutentha
- Kupewa maonekedwe a akangaude
- Mitundu ya tomato yosamva mite
- Malangizo othandiza kwa olima oyambira
Kodi akangaude ndi ndani ndipo ndi owopsa bwanji kwa tomato?
Spider nthata zimawononga zomera zoposa 200. Zodziwika kwambiri:
- tomato;
- nkhaka;
- Strawberry
- biringanya.
Spider mite.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatchedwa arachnid. Banja ili (Tetranychidae) lili ndi mibadwo 95 ndi mitundu yopitilira 1270. Kangaude wamba pa tomato ndi wamtundu wa Common (Tetranychus urticae).
Kachilomboka ndi kakang'ono kwambiri kukula kwake. Kutalika kwa thupi sikudutsa 2 mm. Zimangowoneka bwino kudzera mu galasi lokulitsa. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna kukula kwake. Anthu onse alibe mapiko.
Mtundu wa thupi ndi:
- chofiira;
- wobiriwira;
- chikasu
- lalanje.
Mazira kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kutalika kwake ndi 0,14 mm. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni iwo ndi mandala, kuwala wobiriwira mu mtundu. Kenako amasanduka oyera. Amatha kuwoneka pansi pa masamba.
Moyo wa kangaude.
Mphutsi kukhala ndi kukula kofanana. Mtunduwu ndi wotuwa kuposa akuluakulu. Thupi la mphutsi limafanana ndi hemisphere yokhala ndi miyendo itatu. Nambalayi ili ndi miyendo inayi. Amafanana ndi akuluakulu.
Tizilombo kuwononga kwambiri tomato. Iwo amayamwa madzi onse, kuluma mu epidermis. Minofu imafera pamalo okhomerera. Tsambalo limasanduka nsangalabwi kenako ndi dzimbiri.
Nthata zimasokoneza njira ya photosynthesis, yomwe imayambitsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, ndipo khalidwe la chipatso limawonongeka. Ovary sapanga ndipo tchire limauma. Matendawa amatha kuchepetsa zokolola ndi 15 mpaka 50%.
Zifukwa za maonekedwe a tizirombo pa tomato
Maonekedwe a tizilombo amagwirizana ndi chikoka cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza mwangozi kufika pa mbewu.
Malo okhala - dothi lapamwamba ndi zotsalira za zomera m'mabedi.
Zifukwa zazikulu za mawonekedwe:
- kugwiritsa ntchito zida zam'munda zauve;
- kubzala mbewu kapena mbande m'dothi loipitsidwa lomwe silinachiritsidwe ndi antiseptic - mazira amatha kukhala m'nthaka kwa zaka 5;
- kubzala mbande zogulidwa kapena mbewu za matenda;
- pafupi ndi maluwa akuthengo ndi udzu pomwe majeremusi amakhala;
- kutengeka ndi mphepo, monga nkhupakupa zing’onozing’ono;
- kufalikira kudzera mwa anthu ndi nyama - akhoza kugwidwa pa nsapato kapena zovala;
- amalowa mu greenhouses kudzera m'ming'alu ya potsegula ndi khoma.
Yabwino zinthu ndi kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi osauka mpweya kufalitsidwa. Pa kutentha kuchokera 29 mpaka 31 madigiri ndi chinyezi kuchokera 35 mpaka 55%, tizirombo timayamba kuberekana mwachangu. Sizingatheke kuzindikira nkhupakupa nthawi yomweyo. Amatha kubisala pansi kapena pamasamba.
Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa tomato ndi nthata
Zizindikiro za infestation zimawonekera bwino. Amawonetsedwa ngati:
- madontho oyera pamitsempha ya masamba ndi zimayambira, zomwe zimasanduka zachikasu pakapita nthawi (pamene zimaluma, nthata zimabaya enzyme yomwe imawononga ma chloroplasts);
- mapindikidwe a m'munsi mbale m'mphepete kenako kuyanika;
- chiwerengero chachikulu cha zotupa zazing'ono zotuwira kumbuyo kwa pepala;
- ulusi woonda;
- mdima wa masamba chifukwa cha kuphwanya photosynthesis. Chomera chimataya chlorophyll;
- kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa chikhalidwe;
- masamba akugwa;
- kukhalapo kwa mfundo zosuntha pamwamba pa mapepala kapena mazira kumbali yakumbuyo.
Nkhupakupa zimakhazikika pa mphukira zazing'ono zokometsera. M`pofunika kuyendera yomweyo kumtunda kwa mbewu.
Njira Zowononga Tizirombo
Kuwongolera kwa tiki ndikovuta. Ayenera kupatsidwa chisamaliro chapadera. Pali njira zingapo zowongolera. Mankhwala ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri. Thandizo la anthu limawonetsa zotsatira zodzitetezera komanso mwa anthu ochepa.
Mankhwala
Mothandizidwa ndi ma acaricides ndi insectoacaricides, nthata zambiri zimatha kuwonongedwa. Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri
Njira zamoyo
Zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Sawononga chipatsocho. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino tomato akapsa. Zachilengedwe zolimbana ndi nkhupakupa zimasankhidwa potengera mavoti.
Mankhwala a anthu
Folk azitsamba ndi otetezeka mwamtheradi kwa anthu ndi zomera. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa matenda.
| Mowa wokhazikika | 2 tbsp. mowa (96% ethanol) amawonjezeredwa ku madzi okwanira 1 litre. Utsi ndi mowa njira 2 zina. Nthawi yake ndi masiku 7. |
| Horseradish kapena dandelion | 0,4 makilogalamu a masamba a horseradish kapena dandelion amatsanuliridwa mu malita 10 a madzi ndikusiya kwa maola 12. Pambuyo pa kusefa, kulowetsedwa kumatsitsidwa kuchokera ku botolo lopopera pa tchire la phwetekere kawiri ndi nthawi ya masiku 7. |
| Makhorka kapena fumbi la fodya | 0,4 kg ya fumbi la fodya kapena shag imasakanizidwa ndi malita 10 a madzi ndikusiya kwa maola 24. The tchire ndi sprayed ndi kulowetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata. |
| Kulowetsedwa adyo | Onjezani 0,2 makilogalamu a adyo wodulidwa mumtsuko wamadzi ndikusiya kwa maola asanu. Chomeracho chimathiridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kamodzi pamasiku 5 aliwonse. |
| Yankho la sopo | Sopo amasungunuka m'madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 4. Njira ya sopo imapopera kuchokera ku botolo lopopera pa chikhalidwe 1 nthawi masiku 10. |
| Bleaching ufa | 2% bleach imachepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi. Thirani mankhwala mpaka tizirombo ta kufa. |
| Kulowetsedwa kwa henbane | 1 kg ya henbane yowuma imatsanuliridwa mu malita 10 a madzi otentha. Siyani kwa maola 12. Kupsyinjika ndi kupopera masamba. |
| Hydrogen peroxide | 20 ml ya hydrogen peroxide (3%) amathiridwa mu lita imodzi yamadzi ndikupopera mbewuyo. |
| Decoction wa peel anyezi | 0,2 makilogalamu a anyezi peel amatsanuliridwa mu ndowa yamadzi. Wiritsani ndi kunena 10-12 maola. Kupopera kuchokera ku botolo lopopera pamasamba kamodzi pa masiku khumi. |
| Sopo wobiriwira | 0,4 l ya sopo wobiriwira (wokhala ndi mchere wa potaziyamu wamafuta acids) amalimbikitsidwa mumtsuko wamadzi ndikupopera chikhalidwe. |
Agrotechnical miyeso
Njira za agrotechnical motsutsana ndi nkhupakupa:
- kasinthasintha wa mbeu moyenera;
- kuthirira nthawi zonse;
- kuwonongeka kwa madera okhudzidwa;
- kukumba dothi masika;
- chithandizo cha prophylactic;
- kukumba nthaka pambuyo yokolola yophukira ndi disinfection;
- kuchotsa udzu ndi zinyalala organic;
- kubzala pafupi ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi fungo lopweteka - anyezi ndi adyo.
Ndi liti pamene kuli koyenera kuchitira tomato motsutsana ndi akangaude?
Spider mite pa tomato amawonekera kumapeto kwa Meyi - pakati pa Juni. Kutentha kumachititsa zimenezi. Kuberekana kwachangu kumayamba ndipo tizirombo timachulukirachulukira.
Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika tchire likayamba kuphuka. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala owerengeka kumabwerezedwa pakadutsa masiku 14.
Mbali za polimbana nkhupakupa mu wowonjezera kutentha
Ndi kubzala kokonzekera kwa mitundu yoyambirira, chisamaliro choyenera ndi chofunikira kuti nthata zisawonekere mu wowonjezera kutentha. Malingaliro ochepa:
- nthawi zonse fufuzani tchire;
- pamwamba ndi mankhwala ndi kutsukidwa;
- gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe;
- kupopera madzi kuonjezera mlingo wa chinyezi.
Kupewa maonekedwe a akangaude
Njira zopewera:
- kubzala mbande zathanzi;
- kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pachaka;
- mutatha mankhwala ndi colloidal sulfure, wowonjezera kutentha amatsekedwa kwa masiku asanu;
- nthawi zonse ventilate wowonjezera kutentha;
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala kuphatikizapo Fundazol.
Mitundu ya tomato yosamva mite
Tomato sagonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo 100%. Komabe, pali mitundu yomwe ili ndi chitetezo chokwanira:
- Sturgeon ya stellate;
- Roma;
- Marmande.
Posankha mbande, wamaluwa ambiri amagula mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa.
Malangizo othandiza kwa olima oyambira
Malangizo ena ochokera kwa agronomists:
- amakonda mankhwala ndi wofatsa wowerengeka azitsamba - mowa kapena adyo njira;
- ndi tizilombo tochuluka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Iwo ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri;
- madera akuluakulu amathandizidwa katatu pa nyengo ndi ma acaricides.