Makoswe akuda: n’chifukwa chiyani nyama imabwera kwa munthu kuchokera kumunda kupita kunyumba
Makoswe ndi mbewa ndi chimodzi mwa tizilombo tofala kwambiri tomwe timayambitsa mavuto kwa anansi awo ndikuwononga kwambiri katundu wawo. Mmodzi mwa anthu odziwika a m'banjali ndi khoswe wakuda. Ngakhale kuti nyamayi ndi yocheperapo poyerekeza ndi makoswe otuwa, kuvulaza kwake kumakhala kofanana.
Zamkatimu
Kodi khoswe wakuda amawoneka bwanji (chithunzi)
dzina: makoswe wakuda
Zaka.: MakosweMaphunziro: Zinyama - Mammalia
Gulu: Makoswe - Rodentia
Banja: Mbewa - Muridae
 | Malo okhala: | minda ndi malo olimako |
 | Mphamvu: | zonse zomwe zimabwera |
 | Features: | incisors awo amafuna kunola mosalekeza, choncho amadya ndi kuwononga chirichonse |
Kufotokozera za nyama
Makoswe akuda amasiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo imvi. Choyamba, ndi mtundu ndi kukula kwawo.
Mawonekedwe a nyama
Makoswe akuda ndi zolengedwa zamagulu.
Kutalika kwa thupi la khoswe wakuda ndi 15-22 masentimita, kupatula mchira. Mchira wa makoswe wamtunduwu ndi wautali masentimita 7-13 kuposa thupi ndipo umakutidwa ndi tsitsi. Kulemera kwa thupi la nyama ndi 130-300 magalamu.
Mlomo wa makoswe wakuda ndi wochepa kwambiri kuposa wa pasyuk, ndipo kukula kwa auricles ndi kwakukulu. Kumbuyo kwa nyamayo kumakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda kapena wakuda-bulauni wokhala ndi chitsulo chonyezimira chamtundu wobiriwira.
M'mbali ndi pamimba, mtundu wake ndi wopepuka ndipo uli ndi phulusa kapena lodetsa lotuwa. Nthawi zina, pamakhala zitsanzo zokhala ndi mtundu wotuwa kapena wachikasu kumbuyo, ndi zoyera kapena beige pamimba.
Mitundu yamitundu
Nthawi zambiri, makoswe amitundu yonse ndi ofanana, koma amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Zina mwa mawonekedwe a makoswe akuda, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa izi:
- Zakudya za makoswe wakuda ndizosiyanasiyana, koma mosiyana ndi Pasyuk, amakonda zakudya zamasamba. Chifukwa cha mbali iyi, nsagwada ndi minofu ya zida za mano za makoswe sizimakula;
Khoswe wakuda.
- mtundu uwu ndi thermophilic kwambiri kuposa makoswe imvi, choncho amakhala moyandikana ndi nyumba ya munthu;
- makoswe akuda sakhala ankhanza kuposa imvi. Pazifukwa zoopsa, amakonda kubisala ndikuwonetsa nkhanza pokhapokha atatsekeredwa;
- mtundu uwu umakwawa bwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi moyo wongokhala kuthengo;
- Makoswe akuda sadalira kwambiri madzi ndipo sasambira kawirikawiri.
Habitat
Khoswe wakuda: wokhala mumzinda ndi kumunda.
Makoswe amtunduwu amapezeka ku Europe, Asia, Africa, America ndi Australia. Ku Asia, komwe kumakhala nyengo yotentha, makoswe akuda ndi osowa, chifukwa derali ndi malo achilengedwe a makoswe otuwa.
Koma nyengo ya ku Australia idakhala yabwino kwambiri kwa makoswe wakuda, pomwe pasyuk sinakhazikike m'derali.
Pa gawo la Russia, makoswe wakuda amapezeka ku Ulaya mbali ya dziko kuchokera Arkhangelsk kuti Caucasus. Makoswe amakhala:
- ku Far East;
- Sakhalin;
- Kamchatka;
- Shikotana;
- Commander Islands;
- ku Ussuriysk;
- Komsomolsk-on-Amur;
- Khabarovsk;
- Blagoveshchensk
Ndi imvi makoswe pasyuk, amene khalidwe lalikulu nthawi zambiri poyerekeza, mukhoza kukumana pano.
Kodi khoswe wakuda amavulaza bwanji anthu?
Kuthengo, khoswe wakuda sakhala ndi vuto lililonse pamagulu achilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri amadya mbalame zodya nyama ndi nyama. Koma pokhazikika pafupi ndi anthu, makoswe wakuda amachititsa mavuto omwewo monga pasyuk, omwe ndi:
- amawononga ndi kuwononga chakudya;
- amawononga nyumba, mipando, mapaipi otayira ndi zinthu zina;
- ndi chonyamulira magazi-woyamwa tiziromboti;
- amafalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a matenda ambiri, monga mliri, leptospirosis, visceral leishmaniasis, salmonellosis ndi ena.
Werengani zambiri m'nkhaniyi: Kuvulaza munthu makoswe ndi chiyani.
Momwe mungachotsere makoswe akuda
Makoswe akuda ndi ochenjera komanso anzeru. Amalambalala misampha ndi misampha, amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso fungo la poizoni. Choncho, m'pofunika kuyandikira nkhani ya kuwonongedwa kwawo kapena kuthamangitsidwa pamalowa mozama.
| Njira yowononga | zotsatira |
|---|---|
| Mankhwala. | Mitundu yonse ya ziphe zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwachangu komanso moyenera, koma zimafunikira kusamala. |
| Zolemba ndi misampha. | Iyi ndi misampha, misampha yapadera ya makoswe kapena misampha yomatira momwe tizilombo timagwera ndikukhalabe. |
| Folk azitsamba. | Zosakaniza ndi fungo lokoma lomwe lidzayimitsa mimba ya nyama, zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa. |
| Njira zopewera. | Othamangitsa, nyama zomwe zili ndi chibadwa cha kusaka ndikusunga bata m'deralo. |
Maulalo ku zolemba zomwe zili ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane, mmene kuchotsa makoswe pabwalo ndi khola.
Zosangalatsa
Khoswe wakuda wakhala akudziwika kwa anthu kuyambira kale, ndipo panthawiyi anthu asonkhanitsa nkhani zambiri zosangalatsa ndi zowona za nyamazi. Pakati pawo pali angapo omwe amangodabwitsa komanso odabwitsa:
- pagawo la Middle East ndi Mediterranean, zotsalira za makoswe awa (kapena apafupi) adapezeka, omwe ndi a nthawi ya Pleistocene ndipo mwina ankakhala pafupi ndi mammoths;
- ku China ndi India, zochitika zachilengedwe zotchedwa "Imfa ya Bamboo" zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi makoswe akuda. Zili m’chakuti kamodzi pa zaka 48 zilizonse, pamakhala kuchuluka kwa makoswe amenewa ndipo amadya njere zonse za nsungwi zomwe zagwa. Zotsatira zake, nkhalango yansungwi simakula chaka chamawa;
- pa nthawi ya mliri wa mliri ku Ulaya, makoswe akuda anali onyamula matenda oopsa;
- nyama yongopeka yotchedwa "Rat King" ili ndi chithunzi chenicheni. M'malo okhala makoswe akuda, nthawi zina masango a makoswe amapezeka, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi michira yawo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawi zambiri michira ya nyama imathyoka ndi kuwonongeka. "Zisa" zoterezi zimatchedwa "Rat King". Mowa "Mafumu Makoswe" adawonetsedwanso m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya ku Europe. Imodzi mwa "Mafumu" akuluakulu amaonedwa kuti amapezeka mumzinda wa Buchgait, womwe unali ndi makoswe 32.
Makoswe mumzinda (chithunzi cha wowonera).
Pomaliza
Kuchotsa makoswe omwe awonekera ndizovuta kwambiri. Nyama zimenezi ndi zanzeru, zochulukira ndipo zimaonetsa kukana kwambiri zinthu zapoizoni. Kuti mupewe kuchitika kwawo, muyenera kusunga nyumbayo mwaukhondo komanso mwadongosolo. Ngati alendo oyamba omwe sanaitanidwe adadziwika kale, ndiye kuti kulimbana nawo kuyenera kuyamba nthawi yomweyo osalola kuti zinthu zichitike.
