Ndani wamba mavu: wodziwa ndi lalikulu milozo mavu
Mmodzi mwa mitundu yosangalatsa ya mavu ndi mavu. Uwu ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri m'banjali. Dzina lachiwiri la tizilombo ndi mapiko achifwamba.
Zamkatimu
Manyanga wamba: chithunzi
Kufotokozera za mavu
dzina: Hornet
Zaka.: VespaMaphunziro: Tizilombo - Insecta
Gulu: Hymenoptera - Hymenoptera
Banja: Mavu enieni - Vespidae
 | Malo okhala: | kulikonse |
 | Zopadera: | kukula kwakukulu, kuluma |
 | Phindu kapena kuvulaza: | kulimbana ndi tizilombo, kudya zipatso, kuwononga njuchi |
Mavu ndiye mavu akulu kwambiri omwe amakhala ku Europe. Kukula kwa munthu wogwira ntchito kumachokera ku 18 mpaka 24 mm, kukula kwa chiberekero ndi 25 mpaka 35 mm. M'mawonekedwe, amuna ndi akazi amafanana kwambiri. Ngakhale pali zosiyana.
Hornet.
Mwamuna ali ndi zigawo 13 pa masharubu ndi 7 pamimba. Mkazi ali ndi 12 pa masharubu ndi 6 pamimba. Mapiko amaonekera komanso ang'onoang'ono. Iwo ali m'mbali kumbuyo popuma. Maso ali ofiira-lalanje ndi "C" yozama. Pathupi pali tsitsi lalitali.
Zilombo zimaluma ndi kukhadzula nyama ndi nsagwada. Zomwe zili mu poyizoni ndizochulukirapo ka 2 kuposa mavu wamba. Kuluma kumayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri ndi kutupa komwe kumapitirira kwa masiku angapo. Tizilombozi timapezeka mu nkhalango yowirira.
Habitat
Pali mitundu 23 ya tizilombo. Poyamba, East Asia yokha inali malo okhalamo. Komabe, chifukwa cha anthu, adagonjetsanso North America ndi Canada, ngakhale kuti ndi anthu okhala m'madera otentha.
Hornet wamba amakhala Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Ukraine. Ku Russian Federation, amatha kupezeka mpaka kumalire ndi Europe. Tizilombo timene timapezekanso kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa China.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mavu amtunduwu adabweretsedwa mwangozi ku North America ndi amalinyero aku Europe mkati mwa zaka za zana la 19.
Kusiyana ndi mavu
Hornet ndi mavu.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ndi nape yokulirapo imasiyanitsa mitundu iyi. Amakhalanso ndi mtundu wosiyana. Kumbuyo, mimba, tinyanga ta mavu ndi zofiirira, ndipo za mavu ndi zakuda. Apo ayi, ali ndi thupi lofanana, chiuno chopyapyala, mbola, ndi nsagwada zolimba.
Chikhalidwe cha tizilombo chimakhalanso chosiyana. Mavu akulu sali ankhanza ngati mavu. Amayamba kuwukira akayandikira chisa chawo. Mantha amphamvu mwa anthu amayamba chifukwa cha kukula kochititsa chidwi komanso kulira koopsa.
Mayendedwe amoyo
M'badwo wonse wa mavu akuluakulu umachokera kwa mfumukazi imodzi.
Pavuli paki, wakhumbanga kuja ndi chilatu chakuti wayambi kuchitiya vinthu viheni. Mfumukazi imapanga yokha zisa zoyamba za uchi. Pambuyo pake, mfumukaziyi imayikira mazira. Patapita masiku angapo, mphutsi zimaonekera zomwe zimafuna chakudya cha nyama.
Yaikazi imagwira mbozi, kafadala, agulugufe, ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timadya kuti tidyetse ana ake. Mphutsi yakula imatuluka ndikukhala pupa. Pambuyo pa masiku 14, mnyamatayo amaluma chikwa.
Pakati pa chilimwe, akazi ogwira ntchito ndi amuna amakula. Amamaliza zisa, kubweretsa mapuloteni ku mphutsi. Chiberekero sichichokanso panyumba ndikuikira mazira.
Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi chachifupi. Tizilombo timakula kumapeto kwa chilimwe, koma mu September mbali yaikulu imafa. Anthu opulumuka amatha kutambasula mpaka nyengo yozizira yoyamba.
September ndiye pachimake cha anthu. Mfumukaziyi amaikira mazira pamene imayikira komaliza. Akazi amatuluka mwa iwo, omwe pambuyo pake amakhala mfumukazi zatsopano.
Anthu am'mbuyomu amapezedwa ndi mazira osinthidwa. Ntchito zawo zimaponderezedwa ndi ma pheromones a mfumukazi. Ana amayenda mozungulira mng'oma ndi kumenyana. Umuna womwe umapezeka mu kugwa umasungidwa kuti upange mbadwo watsopano. Pambuyo pa makwerero, mwamuna akhoza kukhala ndi moyo kwa masiku 7. Mayi wokalamba akuthamangitsidwa.
Hornets yozizira
Hornet.
Ambiri a iwo amamwalira nyengo yozizira isanafike. Azimayi obereketsa amapulumuka ali aang'ono. Mwa kusaka, amadzaza malo osungiramo mphamvu. Masana amachepa ndipo kukomoka kumachitika. Pamenepa, pali kuchedwa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi.
Iwo akhoza overwinter m'malo achinsinsi. Amabisala kuzizira ndi adani awo. Akazi ali pansi pa khungwa la mitengo. Kuzama kwakukulu kumapereka mwayi wokhala ndi moyo. Atha kukhalanso m'mitengo yopanda dzenje, m'ming'alu ya barani komanso m'chipinda chapamwamba.
Azimayi amadzuka mu Meyi kutentha kwa pafupifupi 10 digiri Celsius.
Zakudya
Mavu akuluakulu ndi tizilombo tomwe timadya. Amakonda kusaka. Komabe, amakondanso zakudya zamasamba. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi:
- timadzi tokoma;
- madzi a pichesi yofewa, peyala, apulo;
- zipatso - raspberries, mabulosi akuda, strawberries;
- nsabwe za m'masamba.
Hornet ndi nyama.
Tizilombo timakonda kudya mphutsi zawo. Mavu ogwira ntchito amadyetsa ana awo ndi akangaude, ma centipedes, ndi nyongolotsi. Nsagwada zamphamvu zimang'amba nyama ndikudyetsa zomanga kwa mfumukazi ndi mphutsi. Chiberekero chimafunika kuikira mazira.
Tizilombo titha kuthetsa mng'oma wonse wa njuchi. Mavu amawononga pafupifupi 30 zomera za uchi. Mitundu yolusa imadya 500 g ya tizirombo.
Moyo
Ndi osavomerezeka kupanga mwadzidzidzi kayendedwe ndi kugwedeza chisa. Komanso, musaphe mavu pafupi ndi mng'oma, monga munthu wakufa amatumiza chizindikiro cha alamu ndikulimbikitsa kuwukira.
Kumanga chisa
Chisa cha mavu.
Kuti apange chisa, ma hornets amasankha malo achinsinsi omwe amatetezedwa ku zojambula. Tizilombo ndi omanga bwino kwambiri. Amatha kupanga nyumba zapadera.
Pomanga, birch kapena phulusa nkhuni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Yanyowetsedwa ndi malovu. Pamwamba pa chisacho ndi chofanana ndi makatoni kapena pepala lamalata. Mapangidwewo amakula pansi. Muli maselo pafupifupi 500 m'zisa. Mtundu wa koko umakhudzidwa ndi nkhuni. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni.
kuluma kwa mavu
Kuluma zimayambitsa zowawa ndi ziwengo. Zotsatira zake zimatengera mtundu wa tizilombo komanso kusalolera kwa munthu poyizoni. Zizindikiro zoyamba za kulumidwa ndi kufiira, kutupa, kupweteka, kutentha thupi, ndi kusokonezeka kwa mgwirizano.
Ndi zizindikiro zotere, zodzola zozizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo antihistamine imatengedwa. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimawonekera pakapita nthawi. M`pofunika kuwunika mkhalidwe wa thanzi ndi malo kuluma.
Pomaliza
Hornets amatenga gawo lalikulu mu chilengedwe. Amawononga tizilombo towononga. Komabe, amatha kuwononga zipatso, kulanda njuchi, kudya njuchi ndi uchi. Kuwonongeka kwa zisa sikwabwino kwa anthu. Popanda chifukwa chomveka, simuyenera kuthetsa mng'oma.
Poyamba