Mapangidwe odabwitsa a mphemvu: mawonekedwe akunja ndi ntchito za ziwalo zamkati
Nthawi zambiri anthu amakumana ndi mphemvu ndipo amadziwa bwino momwe amawonekera kunja. Koma, ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene amaganiza kuti kachidutswa kakang’ono kameneka kameneka kamakhala kovuta bwanji. Koma mphemvu zili ndi chodabwitsa.
Zamkatimu
Kodi mphemvu zimawoneka bwanji
Dongosolo la mphemvu limaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 7500 yodziwika bwino. Tizilombo timeneti titha kupezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri.
Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa interspecies ndi kukula kwa thupi ndi mtundu.
Kutalika kwa thupi la woimira wamng'ono kwambiri wa dongosololi ndi pafupifupi 1,5 masentimita, ndipo yaikulu kwambiri ndi yoposa masentimita 10. Ponena za mtundu, malingana ndi mitundu, imatha kusiyana ndi yofiira kapena yofiira mpaka yakuda.
Pali mphemvu ndi zinthu zodziwika zomwe zimapezeka mwa mamembala onse agululi. Izi zikuphatikizapo mawonekedwe a thupi, omwe, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wake, adzakhala ophwanyika komanso ozungulira. Chikhalidwe china cha mphemvu zonse ndi zokutira zolimba za chitinous za thupi lonse ndi miyendo.
Thupi la mphemvu lili bwanji
Matupi a mphemvu zonse amakonzedwa pafupifupi mofanana ndipo amakhala ndi zigawo zazikulu zitatu: mutu, chifuwa ndi mimba.
mutu wa mphemvu
Ambiri a m'banja la mphemvu ali ndi mutu waukulu, wozungulira kapena katatu. Mutu uli perpendicular kwa thupi lonse ndipo pang'ono yokutidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi mtundu wa chishango cha prothorax. Pamutu pa tizilombo, mumatha kuona maso, tinyanga ndi pakamwa.
zida zapakamwa
Chakudya chimene mphemvu amadya nthawi zambiri chimakhala cholimba, choncho ziwalo za m’kamwa mwake zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri ndipo zimakhala za mtundu wodziluma. Zigawo zazikulu za zida zapakamwa ndi izi:
- Lambrum. Uwu ndi mlomo wapamwamba, womwe mkati mwake uli ndi zolandilira zambiri zapadera ndipo zimathandiza mphemvu kudziwa kapangidwe ka chakudya.
Kapangidwe ka mkamwa mwa mphemvu.
- Mandibles. Ili ndi dzina la nsagwada za m'munsi mwa tizilombo. Amathandiza mphemvu kukonza bwino kagawo kachakudya kasanayambe kudya.
- Maxilli. Mbali imeneyi ya m’kamwa imatchedwa nsagwada yapamwamba. Monga nsagwada zapansi, maxillae ndi ziwalo zolumikizana. Iwo ali ndi udindo wophwanya ndi kutafuna chakudya.
- labium. Mbali imeneyi ya thupi imatchedwanso mlomo wapansi. Cholinga chake ndi kuteteza chakudya kuti chisagwe mkamwa. Komanso, labium ya mphemvu imakhala ndi zolandilira zomwe zimawathandiza kupeza chakudya.
- Mphuno ya salivary. Zimathandiza mphemvu kufewa ndi kugaya chakudya chomwe wapeza.
kapangidwe ka thupi
miyendo ya mphemvu
Mofanana ndi tizilombo tina, mphemvu ili ndi miyendo itatu. Gulu lirilonse limamangirizidwa ku gawo limodzi la thoracic ndipo limagwira ntchito inayake.
| Awiri akutsogolo | Kumangiriridwa ku pronotum ya tizilombo ndipo kumathandiza kuti asiye mwadzidzidzi pambuyo pothamanga mofulumira, motero kuchita ntchito ya brake. |
| Awiri apakati | Imamangiriridwa ku mesonotum ndipo imapatsa mphemvu kusuntha kwabwino chifukwa chakuyenda bwino. |
| kumbuyo awiri | Choncho, imamangiriridwa ku metanotum ndipo imagwira ntchito yaikulu pakuyenda kwa mphemvu, chifukwa "ikukankhira" tizilombo patsogolo. |
| Kutha kusuntha molunjika | Pamiyendo ya mphemvu pali mapepala apadera ndi zikhadabo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisuntha pamakoma. |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu | Miyendo ya tizilombo ndi yamphamvu kwambiri moti imatha kufika pa liwiro la 3-4 km / h. Izi zimapangitsa mphemvu kukhala ngati cheetah m'dziko la tizilombo. |
| tsitsi | Mukayang'ana pafupi ndi miyendo ya mphemvu, mukhoza kuona kuti ili ndi tsitsi laling'ono. Amagwira ntchito ngati masensa okhudza kukhudza ndipo amakhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka pang'ono kapena kusinthasintha kwa mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha hypersensitivity iyi, mphemvu imakhalabe yovuta kwa anthu. |
mapiko a mphemvu
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mphemvu, mapiko amapangidwa bwino kwambiri. Koma, ngakhale izi, ndi ochepa okha omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito powuluka, popeza thupi la tizilomboto ndi lolemera kwambiri. Ntchito zazikulu zomwe mapikowa amagwira ndi izi:
- imathandizira tizilombo pamene mukuthamanga;
- khalani ngati parachute mukagwa kuchokera pamtunda waukulu;
Mapiko a mphemvu.
- amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amuna pokweretsa.
Mapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mapiko a mphemvu ndi pafupifupi zofanana ndi za oimira Coleoptera:
- mapiko owonda ochepa;
- zida zapamwamba zoteteza za hard elytra.
Ziwalo zamkati za mphemvu
Mphemvu zimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zolimba kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi moyo kwakanthawi popanda mutu. Komabe, mmene thupi lawo lilili m’kati mwake limatsimikizira kuti silosiyana kwenikweni ndi tizilombo tina.
Digestive dongosolo
Dongosolo la chakudya cha mphemvu lili ndi ziwalo izi:
- kummero;
- goiter;
- m'mimba kapena m'mimba;
- m'mimba;
- rectum.
Njira ya chimbudzi mu mphemvu ndi motere:
- Chakudya chimayamba kunyowetsedwa ndikufewetsedwa mkamwa ndi chotupa cha salivary.
- Ikamayenda pammero, pamakoma omwe mphemvu zimakhala ndi masamba apadera. Zomera izi zimaphatikizanso chakudya.
- Kuchokera kummero, chakudya chimalowa m'mbewu. Chiwalochi chimakhala ndi minofu ndipo chimathandiza kuti chakudya chiziyenda bwino.
- Pambuyo pogaya, chakudyacho chimatumizidwa pakati ndiyeno ku hindgut, komwe kumakhala tizilombo tambiri tomwe timathandiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngakhale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mayendedwe ozungulira
Dongosolo la kuzungulira kwa mphemvu silimatsekedwa, ndipo magazi a tizilombo amenewa amatchedwa hemolymph ndipo amakhala oyera. Madziwo amayenda pang'onopang'ono m'thupi la mphemvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.
Njira yopumira
Kapangidwe ka ziwalo za kupuma dongosolo mphemvu zikuphatikizapo:
- spiracles;
- tracheoles;
- mitsempha ya tracheal.
Spiracles ndi timipata tating'ono momwe mpweya umalowa m'thupi la tizilombo. Pa thupi la mphemvu pali 20 spiracles, amene ali mbali zosiyanasiyana za pamimba. Kuchokera ku spiracles, mpweya umatumizidwa ku tracheoles, yomwe imatumizidwa ku makungwa a tracheal. Ponseponse, mphemvu imakhala ndi mitengo 6 yotereyi.
Nervous System
Dongosolo lamanjenje la mphemvu lili ndi mfundo 11 ndi nthambi zingapo zomwe zimapereka mwayi ku ziwalo zonse za tizilombo.
Pamutu wa tizilombo mustachioed pali mfundo ziwiri zazikulu, zomwe ndi mtundu wa ubongo.
Zimathandizira kachitidwe ka mphemvu ndikuyankha kuzizindikiro zomwe zimalandiridwa kudzera m'maso ndi tinyanga. M'chifuwa pali 3 mainhubs, zomwe zimayendetsa ziwalo za mphemvu monga:
- mapiko;
- miyendo;
- pakamwa;
- minofu ya pamphuno ya tizilombo.
Mitsempha ina kuikidwa pamimba pamimba mphemvu ndipo ali ndi udindo pakugwira ntchito kwa:
- kugaya chakudya;
- ubereki dongosolo;
- ziwalo zakumva.
Njira yobereka
Ziwalo zoberekera ndi njira yonse yoberekera ya mphemvu zimakhala zovuta, koma ngakhale izi, zimatha kubereka mofulumira kwambiri.
Njira yoberekera amuna imaphatikizapo:
- ma testes;
- fungal kapena utricular gland;
- zilonda zam'mimba;
- chiwalo chogonana.
Ziwalo zoberekera za akazi ndi:
- thumba losunga mazira;
- 2 oviducts;
- chipinda chogonana;
- ovipositor.
Mphepete zamphongo zimadziwika ndi kupanga spermatophore, yomwe imakhala ngati kapisozi yotetezera mbewu. Pokwerana, njereyo imatulutsidwa ku spermatophore n’kukaika m’chipinda choberekera cha mkazi kuti igwirizane ndi mazirawo. Mazira akatha ubwamuna, ootheca amapangidwa pamimba ya mkazi - kapisozi wapadera momwe mazira amasungidwa mpaka atayikidwa.
Pomaliza
Dziko lotizungulira ndi malo odabwitsa momwe zinthu zambiri zimangodabwitsa. Chamoyo chilichonse ndi chapadera mwa njira yakeyake. Anthu ambiri sakonda kwambiri tizilombo, kuphatikizapo mphemvu - ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala pafupi. Koma, ngakhale pa kulengedwa kwa zolengedwa zazing’ono zoterozo, chilengedwe chinayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika.
Poyamba