Zodabwitsa za nkhupakupa: Zowona 11 za "othira magazi" zomwe ndizovuta kuzikhulupirira

Nkhupakupa ndi gulu lalikulu la zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, tizirombo toyamwa magazi, kukula kwake kumatha kufika 0,5 cm. Iwo ali m'gulu la arachnids, mtundu - arthropods. Ngati muwerenga chiwerengero cha miyendo, ndiye kuti nkhupakupa imakhala ndi mapeyala anayi. Pamene tizilombo tiri ndi atatu. Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa gulu la tizilombo kuchokera ku arachnids, omwe nkhupakupa zimakhala. Siziuluka, sizidumpha kuchokera m’mitengo. Amadikirira nyama zawo pamasamba a udzu ndi nthambi za zitsamba, pamtunda wosaposa theka la mita. Pamiyendo yakutsogolo, ali ndi ziwalo zofunika zomva komanso zikhadabo zamphamvu zomwe amamatira kwa wovulalayo.

Nkhupakupa zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Amapezeka pa zomera, m’nthaka, m’nyanja ndi m’madzi abwino, m’zakudya, m’zisa za mbalame ndi zoyamwitsa, m’fumbi la m’nyumba ndi pakhungu la munthu. Pali omwe amadya magazi a penguin ku Antarctica. Komanso omwe adazolowera moyo m'ming'alu ya miyala yodutsa Arctic Circle. Ambiri aiwo amatha kuwonedwa ndi maikulosikopu. Ngakhale nkhupakupa zambiri sizimawononga thanzi la munthu, zina zimakhala ndi matenda oopsa. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi nkhupakupa zamtundu wa ixodid.

Fumbi nthata ndi mabwenzi nthawi zonse a anthu. Amapezeka mu matiresi, mapilo ndi nsalu, makapeti ndi fumbi la m'nyumba. Amadya tinthu takufa pakhungu la munthu, dandruff. Zingayambitse kwambiri thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi mphumu anthu, komanso atopic dermatitis, matupi awo sagwirizana rhinitis ndi conjunctivitis. Mwana aliyense wachitatu amene akudwala mphumu ya bronchial amadwala ziwengo ku fumbi momwe tiziromboti tosawoneka ndi maso timakhala. Chidole chofewa ndi pilo ya nthenga zimatha kuyambitsa kukoka. mphumu ya bronchial ndi zina zosagwirizana nazo zimayambitsidwa osati ndi nthata zokha, koma ndi michere yawo mu ndowe. Ma allergens amapezeka m'nyumba chaka chonse, koma zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera makamaka m'dzinja, nyengo yamvula. Kuyeretsa bwino m'nyumba, kuchotsa makapeti, kusintha matiresi ndi mapilo ndi zatsopano zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zilizonse, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ziwawa.

Pali mitundu 50 ya nkhupakupa padziko lapansi, ndipo chaka chilichonse asayansi amapeza zatsopano. Choopsa chachikulu kwa anthu ndi ixodid, yomwe imadya magazi ndipo imakhala yonyamula matenda oopsa. Izi ndi nkhupakupa zazikulu. Iwo parasitize pa zamoyo kapena kuyamwa magazi awo. Malovu awo amakhala ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu. Chifukwa chake, kuluma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosazindikirika. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti timadetsa nkhawa, chifukwa nyamakaziyi imakhala ndi mndandanda wonse wa matenda oopsa, omwe ena amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Choopsa kwambiri ndi encephalitis yofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Izi tizilombo matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa mantha dongosolo, ndi pachimake. Matendawa samawoneka nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo polumidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kachilombo koopsa kamalowa m'magazi, kumakhudza dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha, kuphatikizapo ubongo. Zimayamba ndi malungo, kuledzera, kufooka kwakukulu, nseru ndi kusanza, maphunzirowa akufanana ndi SARS. Ngati wodwalayo apulumuka, ndiye kuti amakhalabe wolumala. Chiwopsezo chodwala ndi nkhupakupa chimakhalapo ngakhale mutayamwa pang'ono ndi nkhupakupa. Njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuwonedwa mosamala. Koma mwamwayi, pali katemera wogwira mtima komanso wotsika mtengo yemwe amateteza ku matendawa.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo toyamwa magazi. Iwo amasiyana kwambiri ndi zizolowezi zawo zokhetsa magazi ndi mfundo zachikhalidwe m’moyo. Izi ndi ixodid ndi dermacentors. Tanthauzo lawo lokha la moyo ndikumwa magazi ndikusiya ana awo osawoneka bwino komanso okonda magazi Padziko Lapansi. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha umbombo wa nyama zakuthengo ndi nkhupakupa zazikazi. Ndi iko komwe, sangamasulire wogwiriridwayo payekha, ngakhale m’masiku oŵerengeka chabe. Pomwe yamphongo imadya kale maola asanu ndi limodzi. Yaikazi ndi yokulirapo kuposa yaimuna. Kusiyana kwa kukula uku kumayendetsedwa ndi kufunikira kwa chilengedwe. Feteleza yaikazi ya mtundu uwu wa nkhupakupa kumachitika panthawi imene iye ali pa wovulalayo ndi kuyamwa magazi. Kuti achite izi, mwamuna amapeza mkazi pasadakhale, nthawi yayitali asanadye phwando lake, ndipo amadziphatika pamimba kuchokera pansi, pamene akuthamanga ndi mnzake ku cholinga chomwe akufuna. Tizilombo toyamwa magazi timachulukirachulukira. Ikakwerana ndi zazikazi zingapo, yaimuna imafa. Mayi asanaikire mazira, amayenera kudya magazi. M'kanthawi kochepa, yaikazi imatha kuikira mazira masauzande angapo. Mphutsi zikawoneka, zimafunikira khamu lomwe lizidyetserako kwa masiku angapo, kenako zimasunthira kunthaka ndikusanduka nymphs. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kuti asanduke nkhupakupa zazikulu, zimafunikanso wolandira alendo kuti azidyetsa. Nkhupakupa zonse ndi saprophages, ndiko kuti, zimadya mabwinja a anthu, nyama, kapena mosiyana, zimatha kuyamwa magazi. Amadziwikanso ndi omovampirism, apa ndi pamene munthu wanjala wa nkhupakupa akuukira mnzake wodyetsedwa bwino ndikuyamwa magazi omwe adayamwa kale kuchokera kwa iye.

Oyamwa magazi amatha kukhala opanda chakudya kwa zaka ziwiri. Amatha kukhala m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso m'malo opanda vacuum. Sawopanso chisanu. Zamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi nthata za chipolopolo, zimatha kukweza zolemera zomwe zimaposa zawo. Amapulumuka mosavuta atatsuka m'madzi otentha ndi ufa. Kutalika kwa moyo wa arthropods ndi kosiyana, ena amakhala masiku atatu okha, ena kuposa zaka zinayi. Malangizo ambiri amomwe mungadzitetezere ku kulumidwa ndi kuvulala kwina kwa nkhupakupa ndizokayikitsa kwambiri, chifukwa ndizokhazikika komanso zolimba. Kuchiza pafupipafupi ndi poyizoni wopangidwa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yolimbana ndi tizilombo. Anthu ambiri okhala m’chilimwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito madzi okhala ndi phulusa kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuti atetezere dimba lawo ku nkhupakupa. Pachizindikiro choyamba cha ngozi, tizilomboti timakhala ngati tafa ndipo timapinda miyendo yake. Nkhupakupa mwachiwonekere sizikonda phulusa, zimawalepheretsa kuluma. Kumamatira ku miyendo ndi thupi, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zipume. Koma samawapha, koma amangowaopseza. Popanda chemistry yoyenera, phulusa lamoto lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati prophylaxis motsutsana ndi kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, koma palibe chiyembekezo chonse.

Ngakhale kuti munthu amakondera nkhupakupa, zotsirizirazi zimapereka chithandizo chowoneka m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, arachnids ang'onoang'ono - saprophages, organic matter, potero amawonjezera chonde m'nthaka. Ndipo mu ulimi, iyi ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Ndipo nkhupakupa - zolusa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizirombo, tizirombo taulimi, mwachitsanzo, akangaude. Amakonda kudya mazira, mphutsi ndi akuluakulu. Amapezeka ndi kukhalapo kwa ma cobwebs pamasamba. Amathanso kuyeretsa zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi spores wa parasitic bowa. Ngati, pofuna kupewa, mlenje uyu wabzalidwa mu greenhouses, ndiye kuti izi zidzaletsa kubereka kwa kangaude, ndipo chithandizo ndi mankhwala chidzatha chokha.

Nkhupakupa zambiri zimaikira mazira, koma palinso viviparous. Pakati pa oimira nthata za gamasid pali mitundu yotereyi. Yaikazi ikangoimirira, imabala dzira limodzi lokha, ndipo ikakhwima, imafa. Ana amagona m'thupi la amayi, pofika masika, ntchitoyi imatsirizidwa ndipo mphutsi ikuwonekera kale, ikukumana ndi njala ndipo ikufuna kumasuka. Kuti achite izi, amadzikuta kudzera m'thupi la mayi, kudyetsa ndikukula.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi zida zodziluma komanso zoyamwa. Mothandizidwa ndi mbedza zofananira pa proboscis ndi zinthu zomatira zomwe nkhupakupa imatulutsa ikalumidwa, imamamatira mwamphamvu kwa wolandirayo. Pa kuyamwa, magazi amalowa m'matumbo amitundu yambiri, chifukwa chake munthuyo amawonjezeka nthawi zambiri. Nkhupakupa yodyetsedwa bwino imalemera kuwirikiza 200 kuposa yanjala.

Nkhupakupa zimakhala pangozi ndi mbalame ndi abuluzi. Adani awo ndi achule, dragonflies, akangaude, nsikidzi ndi kafadala kafadala. Koma chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa otaya magazi ndi nyerere. Ngakhale formic acid imatsogolera ku imfa. Chochititsa chidwi - komwe kuli nyerere zambiri, palibe nkhupakupa. Nyerere zimakhala ndi fungo, mothandizidwa ndi iwo kupeza njira yobwerera kwawo, kudziwa zawo kapena za wina. Mlendo akangolowa m’dera la nyerere, nyererezo zimakhala zokangalika n’kuyamba kuukira. Ngakhale luso lodzionetsera ngati wakufa ndi chigoba cholimba sichikhoza kuwathandiza. Nyerere zimaluma ndi kung'amba miyendo yawo, kutembenuzira mimba zawo ku nyama zawo ndikutulutsa asidi, yemwe ndi wakupha kwa tizilombo. Kenako anamuduladula n’kumukokera kunyumba kwake. Chakudya chapadera cha nyerere ndi mazira oikira a nkhupakupa ndi wamkulu wodyetsedwa magazi. Nkhupakupa ndi chakudya chabwino kwa nyerere ndi ana awo.