Kodi mantha a imvi mite ndi chiyani: ndi ngozi yanji yomwe ili kuseri kwa mtundu wosawoneka bwino
Nkhupakupa zimasiyana m'moyo, kukula, mtundu. Nkhupakupa zotuwa zimayimira Ixodes ricinus. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapeza mthunzi wotere pambuyo pa kukhuta kwa magazi. Oyamwa magazi amenewa ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu chifukwa ali ndi matenda oopsa amene amafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa.
Zamkatimu
Ixodid Chongani mtundu wa tiziromboti
Izi ndi tizilombo ta banja la arthropod Ixodidae. Oimira zamtunduwu ali ndi mlingo waukulu wa parasitism ndi thupi kapangidwe monga ambiri nkhupakupa.
Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la tiziromboti
Chilombo chanjala chimawoneka ngati kangaude. Thupilo ndi lozungulira, lophimbidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba cha chitinous, chomwe chimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwake. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana kuchokera kufiira mpaka kumdima wakuda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapeza tint imvi.
Maonekedwe a thupi ndi oval, wamkulu ali ndi miyendo 4 yolimba. Kutalika kwa thupi kumachokera ku 1 mpaka 4 mm. Pambuyo kumwa magazi, nkhupakupa imakula kukula ndi pafupifupi 10 mm. Akazi ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa amuna.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Moyo wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda umaphatikizapo magawo angapo a chitukuko: dzira, larva, nymph, wamkulu. Tizilomboti timayamba kusokoneza ngakhale pa siteji ya mphutsi - panthawiyi, makoswe ndi mbalame zimakhala zowawa.
Kuti ipite ku siteji yatsopano iliyonse, nkhupakupa imafunika chakudya, kenako kusungunuka kumachitika.
Wachikulire (imago) ndi nkhupakupa wokhwima pakugonana, pa nthawi yakukula, majeremusi amachulukana. Nthawi yonse ya nkhupakupa imatha zaka 3-4, nthawi zina mpaka zaka 8.
Pazifukwa zovuta, tizilombo timagwera mu makanema oimitsidwa, omwe amatha zaka zingapo, pambuyo pake tizilombo timadzuka ndikupitiriza ntchito yake ya moyo.
Zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu ingapo ya ixodid. Ndi mwambo kuwagawa motsatira mfundo zotsatirazi:
malo okhala ndi kusinthasintha. Mwachitsanzo, ena asintha n’kukhala m’nkhalango, ena m’chipululu, ndi zina zotero.
Chikhalidwe cha parasitism ndi dzenje ndi msipu. Yoyamba kukwera mu ngalande ndi zisa kuikira mazira, yotsirizira kuikira mazira pamwamba pa nthaka.
Chikhalidwe chophatikizira ndi amodzi-host, awiri-host, atatu-host.
Malo okhala ma parasite
Nthawi zapamwamba
Kuukira kwa nkhupakupa kuyenera kuopedwa chaka chonse. Nthawi zina nkhupakupa ya ixodid ikabisala mu mulu wa udzu, ndipo pamene udzuwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pogona agalu, imadzuka ndikuluma nyamayo. Nthawi zambiri majeremusi amapezeka m'zigamba zosungunuka pamwamba pa zida zotenthetsera.
Kuchuluka kwa nyengo mu ntchito ya nkhupakupa kumachitika kumapeto kwa Marichi ndi koyambirira kwa Epulo.
Tizilombo timeneti timafunikira nthaka kuti itenthe mpaka madigiri +3-5, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kumafika pafupifupi madigiri +10. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha kulumidwa chimalembedwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni.
M'nyengo yotentha, ntchito yawo imachepa, komabe, ngati nkhupakupa ili muudzu wonyowa komanso mumthunzi, imamva bwino. M'chilimwe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba kwambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo. Nyengo ikauma kwambiri komanso kukakhala mvula, amabisala. Tizilombo ntchito amachepetsa kokha kumapeto kwa September.
Yemwe amanyamula nkhupakupa zotuwa
Anthu amathandizira kufala kwa nkhupakupa. Nthawi zambiri anthu amabweretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa zovala ndi nsapato, m'madengu a bowa ndi maluwa amaluwa akutchire. Tizilombo titha kufika ku kanyumba ka chilimwe ndi udzu, udzu, nthambi za spruce.
Ziweto zimatola nkhupakupa ndikuzibweretsa mnyumba pa ubweya wawo. Komanso majeremusi amanyamulidwa ndi makoswe, akalulu, mbalame. Zimadziwika kuti nthata zambiri zimabisala mu singano za hedgehogs.
Kodi kuopsa kwa parasite kuluma ndi chiyani
Choopsa chachikulu cha nkhupakupa ndikutha kunyamula matenda oopsa omwe amayambitsa kulumala ndi kufa kwa anthu ndi nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, majeremusi ndi olimba kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala zaka zingapo.
Kwa munthu
Kwa munthu, matenda otsatirawa obwera ndi nkhupakupa ndi owopsa kwambiri:
- encephalitis;
- borreliosis (matenda a Lyme);
- matenda a hemorrhagic;
- typhus ndi kutentha thupi.
Za nyama
Zinyama zimatengekanso ndi matenda opatsirana otengedwa ndi nkhupakupa:
- piroplasmosis;
- erlichiosis;
- anaplasmosis.
Njira zowononga tizilombo
Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi Yesodidae. Onse amasiyana mu mawonekedwe omasulidwa ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito.
Acaricides
Kukonzekera kwa acarcidal sikungowopsyeza, komanso kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pokhudza dongosolo lawo lamanjenje. Pakati pa mankhwala otchuka komanso othandiza:
Zoteteza nyama
Pofuna kuteteza ziweto, mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu yolumikizana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Posankha mankhwala, muyenera kuganizira zaka, kulemera, mtundu ndi thanzi la chiweto. Mankhwala otsatirawa ndi othandiza kwambiri:
Njira zodzitetezera komanso kupewa
Si nkhupakupa iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mavairasi owopsa, koma ndizosatheka kudziwa izi "ndi diso" ndipo chiopsezo cha matenda chidzakhalapo nthawi zonse.
Momwe mungadzitetezere ku nkhupakupa
Kuti mutetezeke momwe mungathere ku matenda a parasitic ndi matenda omwe amanyamula, muyenera:
- perekani katemera wodzitetezera ku encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa: mutha kuchita izi kwaulere ku chipatala chilichonse kapena kuchipatala chapadera;
- poyenda m'malo omwe angakhale oopsa, sankhani zovala zoyenera: ziyenera kukhala za mthunzi wowala (motere ndikosavuta kuzindikira nkhupakupa); valani mathalauza mu masokosi ndi nsapato, ndi jekete mu thalauza; onetsetsani kuti muteteze mutu wanu ndi mpango kapena hood;
- gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo - samalirani zovala ndi khungu ndi iwo, ngati aloledwa ndi malangizo;
- Mphindi 30 zilizonse zoyenda, fufuzani thupi ndi zovala za kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- pobwerera kunyumba, musanalowe m'nyumba, fufuzaninso zovala ndi ziweto;
- yang'anani mosamala zinthu zobwera m'nkhalango: maluwa, udzu, madengu.
Zoyenera kuchita pambuyo polumidwa ndi nkhupakupa
Tizilombo tophatikizika tikuyenera kuchotsedwa posachedwa. Tizilombo tikamathera nthawi yochepa pa munthu, m'pamenenso chiwopsezo chotenga matenda chimachepetsa. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kupita kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa.
Podzichotsa, chida chapadera ("klescheder"), zopindika zopindika, ulusi ndi woyenera.
Ngati palibe chomwe chili pamwambapa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera wamba. Algorithm ya zochita ndi izi:
- konzani chubu choyesera kapena chidebe china mu chivindikiro chotsekedwa mwamphamvu;
- valani magolovesi azachipatala a labala;
- gwira tizilomboti pafupi ndi malo oluma;
- mofatsa pukutani mbali iliyonse ndikuchotsani mosamala;
- perekani malo oluma ndi antiseptic;
- ikani nkhupakupa mchidebe ndikuitumiza ku labotale kuti ikaunike pasanathe maola 48.
Ngati mutu kapena proboscis wa nkhupakupa wang'ambika, kadontho kakuda kadzawoneka pakati pa malo oluma. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika mowolowa manja kuchitira bala ndi ayodini ndi kuyembekezera kukana thupi lachilendo.
Ngati pakapita nthawi kutupa, khungu lasintha mtundu, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Pambuyo pakuluma nkhupakupa, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu. Ngati zizindikiro zowopsya zikuwonekera, monga kutentha thupi, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwa mafupa, muyenera kulankhulana ndichipatala mwamsanga ndikufotokozera kuti pali kuluma kwa nkhupakupa.
Kupewa mwadzidzidzi kwa encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa
Kupewa mwadzidzidzi kwa encephalitis yokhala ndi nkhupakupa kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi immunoglobulin kapena ma antiviral. Chisankho pakufunika kwadzidzidzi prophylaxis, kusankha mankhwala ndi pafupipafupi makonzedwe ake amapangidwa ndi dokotala yekha.
Poyamba