Nkhupakupa woyamwa: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera, zizindikiro za kuluma kwa tizilombo, chithandizo choyamba ndi malamulo a mankhwala

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Kwa anthu ndi nyama zotentha, nkhupakupa za ixodid zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri - zimakhala ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri: encephalitis ndi borreliosis.

Magwero a tizilombozi sakudziwika bwino, koma pali umboni wosonyeza kuti zinalipo panthawi ya zokwawa zakale ndipo poyamba zinazipha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo zitatha anasintha kupita ku zinyama.

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 650 ya ma Ixodes padziko lapansi, koma si onse omwe ali owopsa kwa anthu. Oimira onse amtunduwu ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a morphological:

• thupi lathyathyathya, lozungulira 3-4 mm kutalika., atamwa magazi, tizilombo timakula kukula mpaka 15 mm., Akazi ndi aakulu kuposa amuna;
• mtundu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wowala mpaka wofiira;
• Akuluakulu ali ndi miyendo 4, maso palibe kapena amasiyanitsa bwino.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuluma kwa nkhupakupa mwa anthu

Cholinga cha nkhupakupa ndi kupeza nyama ndi kudya magazi ake, choncho amathera nthawi yambiri ya moyo wawo akudikirira munthu yemwe angakhale nawo. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuluma kwa nkhupakupa mwa anthu ndizo:

• kuyendera madera omwe ali ndi nkhupakupa, nkhalango ndi nkhalango;
• kusatsatira malamulo a chitetezo poyenda m'madera otere: kusowa kwa zida zodzitetezera, ziwalo zowonekera za thupi;
• kulankhulana kwambiri ndi nyama (nthata nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pa ubweya wawo);
• kubweretsa kunyumba zinthu kuchokera m'nkhalango: maluwa, udzu, bowa, nthambi.

Kodi nkhupakupa imafika bwanji pa munthu

Nkhupakupa zimachotsedwa masomphenya kapena sizinapangidwe bwino, kotero zimayang'ana nyama zawo mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera zamaganizo, zomwe zimayang'ana kutentha kwa thupi lotentha.

Nkhupakupa zikuyembekezera munthu yemwe angakhale nawo pamasamba audzu, tchire, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi njira, pa kapinga.

Pozindikira kuyandikira kwa wovulalayo, tizilombo timatembenukira kumbali yake ndikuyembekeza kukhudzana, pambuyo pake kumamatira ku zovala ndikuyamba kuyang'ana malo abwino oluma.

Kodi nkhupakupa imamwa bwanji magazi?

Oyamwa magazi ali ndi zida zolumikizika kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi chiwalo (chelicera) chofanana ndi lumo, amapyoza khungu la wovulalayo ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi hypostome yofanana ndi spike, amapanga kuvutika maganizo mu minofu, yomwe imadzaza ndi magazi pamalo oluma. Tizilomboti nthawi zonse timayamwa magazi otuluka.

Kodi nkhupakupa yopopa imawoneka bwanji?

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nkhupakupa yomwe yayamwa magazi imakula kwambiri kukula kwake - kutalika kwa thupi kumawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 10 mm. Kutupa, thupi la nkhupakupa limasintha mtundu kuchokera ku bulauni kupita ku imvi. Nkhupakupa yodyetsedwa bwino imakhala yosagwira ntchito, imangogwera pansi pa thupi la mwiniwakeyo.

Kodi nkhupakupa imachita chiyani ikamwa magazi?

Mzimayi wamkulu wokhuta amaikira mazira - molunjika m'nthaka, masamba, kapena kusuntha mtunda waufupi kwambiri kufunafuna malo abwino ogona. Nymph yodyetsedwa bwino ikupitiriza kukula kwake - imalowa mu gawo la molting. Mwamuna wamkulu, akakhuta, amalowetsa yaikazi ndi kufa.

Mitundu ya nkhupakupa zowopsa kwa anthu

Monga tanenera kale, si ma Ixodes onse omwe ali owopsa kwa anthu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma bloodsuckers omwe amanyamula ma virus owopsa alembedwa pansipa.

Nditani ngati ndalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Omwe amamwa magazi ndi obisika: kugunda kwawo pathupi sikumveka, kuwonjezera apo, malovu awo amakhala ndi puloteni yapadera yomwe imapangitsa kuti kulumako kusapweteke. Choncho, nthawi zambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka pokhapokha titamamatira kale pakhungu. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo.

Chotsani nkhupakupa

Tizilombo timeneti tichotsedwe msanga, popeza tikakhala nthawi yayitali m'thupi, m'pamenenso pali mwayi wotenga matenda.

Kuti tichite zimenezi, Ndi bwino kulankhulana aliyense zachipatala.

Mutha kuchita nokha: mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera kapena ma tweezers wamba. Lamulo lofunikira: nkhupakupa sayenera kugwedezeka mwamphamvu, kuphwanyidwa ndikuyesa kuitulutsa ndi mphamvu. Iyenera kupindidwa kangapo mbali iliyonse ndikukokera mmwamba.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati nkhupakupa yonse sinatulutsidwe

Ngati malingaliro ochotsa tizilomboti aphwanyidwa, zikhoza kukhala kuti thupi lake lidzachoka, ndipo mutu udzakhala pansi pa khungu. Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kuyesa kuchotsa ndi singano, ngati splinter, kapena kungodzaza ndi ayodini ndikudikirira masiku angapo - mwinamwake, thupi lokha lidzakana thupi lachilendo. Nthawi zina, kukula kwa kutupa mpaka kuwonjezereka ndikotheka: ngati zizindikiro zowopsa zikuwonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Chitani malo oluma

Pambuyo pochotsa nkhupakupa, muyenera kuchiza malo oluma ndi antiseptic. Zoyenera izi:

• iodini;
• wobiriwira wonyezimira;
• mowa njira;
• chlorhexidine;
• hydrogen peroxide.

Tengani tiki ku labu

Wochotsa magazi akulimbikitsidwa kuti ayikidwe m'chidebe chokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba ndikuperekedwa ku labotale yapadera kuti adziwe matenda ake ndi matenda. Tisanatumize kuti tifufuze, tizilombo timaloledwa kusungidwa mufiriji kwa maola 48.

Perekani magazi kuti muzindikire ma antibodies

Palinso kusanthula kwapadera komwe kumakulolani kuti muzindikire kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies a encephalitis m'magazi. Maonekedwe a ma antibodies amenewa amalankhula mokomera matenda a matenda a encephalitis.

Komabe, sikoyenera kutenga kusanthula koteroko mutangolumidwa: ma antibodies enieni a IgG ku kachilombo ka encephalitis opangidwa ndi nkhupakupa amapezeka pa tsiku la 10-14 komanso ngakhale kale.

Amafika pamlingo wapamwamba pakutha kwa mwezi ndikukhalabe pamlingo uwu kwa miyezi iwiri mpaka 2 atadwala.

Chitani immunotherapy monga momwe dokotala akulimbikitsira

Ngati zikuoneka kuti tiziromboti anali chonyamulira HIV, kapena ngati wovulalayo ali ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa, wothandizira zaumoyo adzapereka immunotherapy, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa immunoglobulin yaumunthu. Muyenera kudziwa kuti chithandizo chotere m'dziko lathu sichiperekedwa kwaulere mkati mwa inshuwaransi yokakamizidwa yachipatala. Immunoglobulin imatha kupezeka kwaulere ndi omwe ali ndi inshuwaransi pansi pa VHI ndi magulu ena a nzika.

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za kuluma nkhupakupa mwa anthu

Zomwe zimachitika munthu akalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa zimatengera momwe munthuyo alili. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso omwe amakonda kudwala, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika mkati mwa maola 2-3 mutatha kulumidwa:

• Photophobia;
• kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa;
• kuzizira;
• kufooka

Komabe, nthawi zambiri zizindikiro zoyamba zimachitika pakatha masiku angapo kapena masabata. Izi ndi monga: mutu, kutentha thupi, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, nseru ndi kusanza, kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes.

Malamulo a chithandizo

Panopa palibe mankhwala enieni a matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa. Therapy cholinga chake ndi kupewa kukula kwa zovuta, kuchepetsa zizindikiro komanso kuthandizira mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Thandizo lothana ndi mabakiteriya lilibe mphamvu polimbana ndi nkhupakupa, chifukwa matendawa amayamba ndi kachilomboka. Koma pokhudzana ndi borrelia, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Lyme, ndizothandiza kwambiri. Popewa komanso kuchiza borreliosis, amoxicillin ndi doxycilin amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mlingo wofunikira ndi nthawi ya maphunzirowo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala.

Basic mfundo za chithandizo cha encephalitis

Ngati akuganiziridwa kuti matenda a encephalitis amagwidwa ndi nkhupakupa, wodwalayo amagonekedwa m'chipatala chamankhwala mwachangu. Ngati prophylaxis ndi immunoglobulin sichinachitike kale, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa masana.

Thandizo loyamba limaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• mankhwala odana ndi kutupa;
• kutaya madzi m'thupi kuti muteteze edema yaubongo;
• kulimbana ndi hypoxia;
• kuthandizira madzi ndi electrolyte balance;
• kubwezeretsa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya chapakati pa mitsempha.

Pambuyo pochoka pachimake, maphunziro a neuroleptics, physiotherapy, ndi kutikita minofu amalembedwa kuti athe kukonzanso kwathunthu.

Mfundo zoyambirira za chithandizo cha borreliosis

Matenda a Lyme (borreliosis) amathandizidwa kuchipatala cha dipatimenti ya matenda opatsirana. Therapy umalimbana osati kulimbana causative wothandizila matenda, komanso kukhalabe ntchito ya ziwalo ndi machitidwe.

Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, mankhwala a tetracycline ndi othandiza, pambuyo pake, pamene kusintha kwa mitsempha, cardinal ndi articular kukukula, penicillin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mogwirizana ndi mankhwala opha maantibayotiki, mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito steroidal odana ndi kutupa amachitidwa, ngati kuli kofunikira, ochepetsa ululu amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zotsatira za kuluma nkhupakupa

Kupatsirana ndi matenda amene tawatchulawa kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa, ngakhale imfa.

Zowopsa za encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa:

• kusokonezeka kwachidziwitso (kutayika kwa kukumbukira, kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro);
• kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso mpaka kukomoka;
• zovuta zamagalimoto: paresis, ziwalo, kulephera kwathunthu.

Zotsatira za matenda a Lyme zingakhale zosasinthika kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati, kuwonongeka kwa mafupa, matenda aakulu a ubongo.

Kupewa kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Mothandizidwa ndi njira zosavuta zodzitetezera, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwopsezo cha nkhupakupa ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutenga matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa:

• katemera: anazindikira ngati njira zothandiza kupewa encephalitis padziko lonse;
• kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zodzitetezera (zothamangitsa ndi ma acaricides) poyenda m'malo omwe nkhupakupa zimatha kukhala, kusankha zovala zoyenera (peŵani khungu lowonekera, gwiritsani ntchito chipewa ndi hood);
• kuyeretsa panthawi yake zinyalala ndi zinyalala za zomera kuchokera pamalopo: ndi malo ogona nkhupakupa;
• kufufuza thupi ndi zovala poyenda m'nkhalango ndipo mwamsanga pambuyo pake.