Spider mite pamitengo: momwe mungathanirane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda aapulo ndikupulumutsa zokolola
Kangaude ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo tomwe timayamwa madzi a masamba a mitengo ya m’mundamo. Mitengo ya maapulo imatha kugwidwa ndi nkhupakupa, ndipo kudziwika mwadzidzidzi kwa tizilombo kungayambitse kufooketsa chitetezo cha chikhalidwe komanso imfa yake. Apulosi amadya madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amawononga masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono.
Zamkatimu
- Kodi akangaude ndi chiyani
- Zizindikiro za maonekedwe a kangaude pa mtengo wa apulo
- Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtengo
- Chifukwa chiyani akangaude ndi owopsa kwa mitengo ya maapulo
- Kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Ukadaulo wothana ndi tizirombo
- Nthawi yokonza
- Njira zothandizira
- Mitengo ya maapulo imagonjetsedwa ndi akangaude
Kodi akangaude ndi chiyani
Kangaude ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo towopsa, tating'ono kukula kwake, koma timawononga mitundu yambiri ya zomera poyamwa madzi amasamba. Sikophweka kuti muzindikire matendawo atangoyamba kumene, koma mungawazindikire podziwa mmene amaonekera komanso mmene akuonekera.
Zimawononga mitengo, maluwa, mbewu zamaluwa, mbewu zamkati ndi zomwe zimakula m'malo obiriwira.
Zotsatira za ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya tizilombo titha kuwoneka pamasamba, ubweya wopyapyala ndi madontho opepuka amawonekera kumtunda, malo obowola, ndi tizirombo tating'ono tofiira timawoneka kumunsi.
Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka tiziromboti
Nkhupakupa ndi ya banja la arachnids, yaikazi ndi yayikulu pang'ono kuposa yaimuna, thupi ndi elliptical, convex kuchokera pamwamba, pansi ndi lathyathyathya. Kutalika kwa mkazi ndi 0,4-0,5 mm, mwamuna ndi 0,3-0,4 mm. Mphutsi ndi zazing'ono, zowonekera, zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena zofiirira ndi mawanga awiri akuluakulu akuda m'mbali. Akazi ndi ofiira lalanje kapena ofiira, majeremusi akuluakulu amakhala ndi miyendo 4, mphutsi zimakhala ndi mapeyala atatu.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Mayendedwe amoyo.
Yaikazi imayikira mazira, pomwe nkhope zimawonekera pakadutsa masiku atatu. Pambuyo molts angapo, atadutsa magawo awiri a nymphs, amasanduka akuluakulu.
Pazikhalidwe zabwino, kuyambira mphutsi mpaka akuluakulu amatenga masiku 5 mpaka 20. Akazi amakhala masabata 2-4 ndipo panthawiyi amatha kuikira mazira mazana. M'nyengo yozizira, mibadwo 4-5 ya nkhupakupa imawonekera. Akazi amabisala kumtunda kwa nthaka kapena ming'alu ya mitengo ikuluikulu m'nyengo yozizira ndikukhala kumeneko mpaka masika.
Nkhupakupa zimakula msanga m’nyengo youma ndi yotentha komanso pa zomera zothira feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Mungakumane kuti
Tizilombo titha kupezeka paliponse pomwe pali zomera zilizonse. Kangaude amakhala m'madera onse kupatula Antarctica.
Zizindikiro za maonekedwe a kangaude pa mtengo wa apulo
Kumayambiriro kwa matenda a mtengo wa apulo ndi kangaude, sikophweka kuzindikira. Mphutsi za tizirombozi ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo pamwamba pa masamba pali madontho achikasu owala, malo obowola. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mawanga pamasamba amakula, ndipo ulusi wochepa thupi umawonekera pa iwo, umauma ndikugwa. Nkhupakupa ndizochuluka kwambiri ndipo chiwerengero chawo chimawonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira majeremusi munthawi yake ndikuyamba kulimbana nawo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtengo
Spider nthata zimatha kufika pamitengo ya maapulo m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- nkhupakupa zimanyamulidwa ndi mphepo kuchokera kumadera oyandikana nawo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawombera mitengo yofooka, ikagwidwa ndi mbozi kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- ngati mtengo waukulu umakhudzidwa ndi kangaude, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuwononga kwathunthu, mtengo wotere ukhoza kukhala gwero la matenda kwa mitengo ina;
- udzu m'munda ukhoza kuyambitsa matenda.
Chifukwa chiyani akangaude ndi owopsa kwa mitengo ya maapulo
Nkhupakupa imayamwa madzi a masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono, kusokoneza ndondomeko ya photosynthesis. Matenda a fungal, mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya amalowa mosavuta kudzera mu minofu yowonongeka.
Mitengo yaing'ono ya maapulo yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi akangaude imatha kutsalira m'mbuyo, mitengo ya apulosi akuluakulu imachepetsa zokolola, ndipo ngati mite yakhudzidwa kwambiri, mitengo imatha kufa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Pofuna kuthana ndi kangaude, njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mphamvu zawo zimadalira chithandizo chanthawi yake chomwe chinayambika, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mitengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthawi zonse.
Mankhwala
Special mankhwala njira kulimbana nkhupakupa amasiyana zikuchokera yogwira mankhwala, ndende ndi njira zochita pa tiziromboti.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Mankhwala a gululi amalimbana ndi nkhupakupa ndi tizirombo tina ta mmunda. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi tizirombo tamitengo, kuphatikiza nthata.
Mukamakonza mitengo ya maapulo ndi mankhwala, muyenera kutsatira njira zotsatirazi:
- ntchito mu zipangizo zoteteza;
- yang'anani kuchuluka kwa mayankho ndipo musapitirire kuchuluka kwa omwe amamwa;
- processing ikuchitika youma bata nyengo.
Popopera mbewu mankhwalawa, tizirombo zambiri timafa nthawi imodzi, koma kuipa kwa njirayi ndikuipitsa chilengedwe komanso kufa kwa tizilombo tothandiza.
Acaricides
Ma Acaricides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha nthata zokha ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa masamba. Zokonzekerazi zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yochitapo kanthu, yomwe ndi njira yabwino yodzitetezera kuti asatengedwenso ndi nthata. Acaricides samapha tizilombo tomwe timadya tizirombo ta m'munda.
Kangaude imayamba kukana mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, choncho sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwachitire kangapo motsatizana ndi wothandizira yemweyo, muyenera kuwasintha panthawiyi.
Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri a acaricidal amaganiziridwa ndi ena.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za biologically yogwira ntchito ndi Fitoverm. Ichi ndi chiwopsezo chochokera ku zinyalala za bowa zina, zomwe zimagwira nkhupakupa zazikulu. Mankhwalawa amayamba kugwira ntchito kwa akuluakulu pa kutentha kwa madigiri +18 ndipo samawola pa madigiri +25 ndi pamwamba, monga mankhwala ena ambiri.
Zochita zaulimi
Female nthata overwinter m'nthaka, mu thunthu bwalo ndi ming'alu mu khungwa. Choncho, pokonzekera mitengo yozizira, muyenera kugwira ntchito zotsatirazi:
- kutentha masamba akugwa;
- nthambi zosweka, zouma, zodwala;
- yeretsani khungwa losweka;
- pezani thunthu ndi chigoba nthambi;
- kukumba mozungulira thunthu.
Maphikidwe a anthu
Phindu la mankhwala owerengeka polimbana ndi nkhupakupa ndi tizirombo tina ndikuti sizowopsa kwa chilengedwe komanso tizilombo topindulitsa. Folk njira kuthana ndi akangaude ndi ogwira kokha ndi pang'ono kuwonongeka.
| adyo njira | 10 magalamu a adyo odulidwa ndi odulidwa amawonjezeredwa ku malita 50 a madzi, amaumirira kwa masiku atatu, sopo wamadzimadzi amawonjezeredwa, osakaniza, amasefedwa. Mtengo umathiridwa ndi njira yokonzedwa mwatsopano kuchokera pamwamba mpaka masamba. |
| Decoction wakuda henbane | Udzu watsopano wa henbane ndi wakupha kwambiri, ndikofunikira kukonzekera ndikugwiritsa ntchito decoction mosamala. 2 kg ya udzu watsopano imatsanuliridwa ndi ndowa yamadzi, yophika kwa maola angapo, imasefedwa ndipo yankho limasinthidwa mpaka malita 10, mitengo ya apulo imakonzedwa. |
| Sopo | 100 magalamu a sopo wa tar amaphwanyidwa ndikuchepetsedwa mumtsuko wa madzi. Ntchito yankho kamodzi pa sabata. |
| Hot tsabola kulowetsedwa | 100 magalamu a tsabola wotentha amatsanuliridwa ndi lita imodzi ya madzi, kubweretsa kwa chithupsa, kuumirira kwa tsiku, osasankhidwa. Pochiza mitengo ya maapulo, 8 magalamu a tincture amachepetsedwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. |
| anyezi peel | 200 magalamu a anyezi peel amatsanuliridwa ndi ndowa yamadzi ndikuumirira kwa ola limodzi, amasefedwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi mitengo yomwe ili ndi nkhupakupa. |
| kulowetsedwa muzu wa horseradish | 400 magalamu a mizu yodulidwa bwino ya horseradish amatsanuliridwa ndi chidebe chamadzi ndikupembedzedwa kwa maola 2-3, amasefedwa ndikupopera pamitengo. |
Ukadaulo wothana ndi tizirombo
Pazifukwa zodzitetezera, kapena nkhupakupa zikawoneka, mankhwala am'munda amachitidwa kuyambira masika mpaka autumn. Kupopera mbewu moyenera komanso munthawi yake kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Kwa nthawi iliyonse, mankhwala oyenerera amasankhidwa.
- Pochiza mitengo ndi mankhwala, ndikofunikira kusamala. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zodzitetezera, pewani kukhudzana ndi khungu, maso a poizoni.
- Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika mu nyengo youma, bata.
- Utsi mankhwala kuchokera pansi mmwamba, popeza nthata makamaka pa underside kwa masamba.
- Processing ikuchitika m'mawa kapena madzulo.
- Ana ndi nyama ndizoletsedwa kugwira ntchito m'munda.
- Sambani kumaso ndi manja ndi sopo mukalandira chithandizo.
Nthawi yokonza
Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi yokonza mitengo, kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndi kukana kwa mbewu ku tizirombo zimadalira iwo.
Yoyamba mankhwala pambuyo yozizira ikuchitika pamaso Mphukira yopuma, imene overwintered nkhupakupa ndi tizirombo tina kufa. Kutentha kukangokwera kufika madigiri +5 ndi pamwamba, mitengo ndi dothi lozungulira iwo amathandizidwa ndi mkuwa kapena chitsulo sulphate.
Thandizo lachiwiri limachitika masamba ataphuka, koma asanayambe maluwa. Ikani mankhwala ophera tizirombo kapena ma acaricides omwe angapezeke kwa wamaluwa.
Ndizotheka kupopera mitengo ndi mankhwala pokhapokha zipatso zitakhazikika. Pokonza, sankhani mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo kapena ma acaricides omwe sanagwiritsidwebe ntchito munyengo yamakono. Mukapopera mankhwala omwewo kangapo motsatizana, nthata zimazolowera.
Kukonza kuyenera kuyimitsidwa mwezi umodzi musanakolole chipatso. Koma zikavuta kwambiri, ndi kuwukiridwa kwakukulu kwa tizilombo, ngati kukonzanso kumafunika, gwiritsani ntchito zokonzekera zomwe zimawola mwachangu ndipo musakhale pachipatso.
Pambuyo pokolola, koma masamba asanagwe, amathandizidwa ndi mkuwa sulphate, urea, kapena mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo. Nkhupakupa zomwe zimasiyidwa m'nyengo yozizira zimafa.
Nthawi zambiri muyenera kuchitira mitengo
Pa nthawi ya kukula, mitengo imachitidwa m'chaka, masamba asanatuluke, masamba ataphuka, atatha kupanga mazira, pambuyo pokolola.
Koma zikafika poipa, mitengo ikawonongeka ndi tizirombo, chithandizo chimachitidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa nkhupakupa imatha kutulutsa mibadwo 4-5 munthawi yake ndikuvulaza kwambiri.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zolimbana nthawi imodzi, kuti mugwire bwino ntchito.
Kukonza nthawi m'madera osiyanasiyana a nyengo
Kukonza mitengo m'munda m'madera osiyanasiyana a nyengo kumachitika poganizira nyengo. Kumadera akummwera kwa dzikolo, ntchito m'munda imayamba molawirira, m'madera ozizira masiku amasinthidwa. Muyenera kuganizira za kuyamba kwa nyengo yofunda m'chaka ndi kuphuka kwa masamba, maluwa ndi kutola zipatso.
Njira zothandizira
Njira zodzitetezera m'munda zimapereka zotsatira zabwino, matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo zimawonongeka, ndipo kukana kwa mitengo ya apulo kumawonjezeka. Ntchito m'munda imayamba masika ndipo imapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn. Njira zopewera zikuphatikizapo:
- kudulira mitengo ya masika ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa;
- kuvala pamwamba;
- processing isanayambe komanso itatha maluwa;
- kuyeretsa masamba ndi kudulira nthambi zowonongeka;
- kuyeretsa mbiya ndi kuyeretsa;
- kuyeretsa m'dzinja ndi kukumba bwalo la thunthu.
Mitengo ya maapulo imagonjetsedwa ndi akangaude
Mitundu yamitengo ya maapulo yomwe imalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhupakupa sinaberekedwe ndi obereketsa. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ndipo sichigwidwa ndi tizilombo. Koma kukhazikika kwa mbewu kumatha kuonjezeredwa ngati chisamaliro chabwino chikuperekedwa: chithandizo chanthawi yake, kuvala pamwamba, kuthirira, kudulira ndi chitetezo m'nyengo yozizira.
Poyamba