Webusaiti ya sitiroberi: momwe mungadziwire tizilombo towopsa munthawi yake ndikupulumutsa mbewu
Mu organic zomera zinyalala, njerwa-lalanje akazi akangaude overwinter, kusonkhana m'madera yokutidwa ndi zowola. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, ndi tizilombo toopsa. Zimakhudza mitundu yoposa 300 ya zomera, osati zamaluwa zokha, komanso zomwe zimakula m'nyumba. M'chaka chimodzi, mibadwo ingapo ya arachnid iyi imatha kudya chomera. Pansipa pali kangaude pa chithunzi cha sitiroberi kuchokera pa intaneti.
Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera za tizilombo
Kangaude yemwe amakhala pa sitiroberi ali ndi thupi lowonekera pang'ono, lophwanyidwa pang'ono komanso lalitali. Thupi la vitreous transparent la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndipo timagawika m'magawo akunja ndi kumbuyo ndi podutsa. Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, akuluakulu sali oposa 0,3 mm kutalika, kotero sangathe kuwonedwa ndi maso, pokhapokha pa microscope ndi 10x magnification.
Mtundu wa kangaude ndi wosiyana, wobiriwira ndi wachikasu, koma mu kugwa akazi amakhala ofiira.
Akazi ndi amuna
Akazi ndi aakulu kuposa amuna, onse mu utali ndi m'lifupi. Azimayi aang'ono nthawi zonse amakhala obiriwira, amatembenukira lalanje kapena ofiira m'nyengo yozizira. Ali ndi mawanga m'mbali mwake, ndi bristles kumbuyo kwake.
Amuna amafika kutalika osaposa 0,2 mm, amakhalanso ang'onoang'ono kuposa akazi m'lifupi. Kumapeto kwa thupi ndi chiwalo cholumikizira, mwachikazi chiwalo choberekera chimakhala kumunsi kwa thupi. Mu siteji ya mphutsi, nkhupakupa ili ndi miyendo itatu ya bristly, mwa akuluakulu - anayi.
Moyo ndi moyo wa tiziromboti
Zifukwa za maonekedwe a nkhupakupa pa sitiroberi
Mu August ndi September, akazi amabisala m'misasa yozizira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi mibadwo 5-6 pachaka, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumawonjezeka m'chilimwe. Ndiye anthu amakhala achangu ndi kuchulukitsa mofulumira kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri. Mu August ndi September, akazi amabisala m'misasa yozizira.
Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa zomera ndi kuwonongeka
Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe ake ndi mawanga owoneka bwino pamasamba, omwe pang'onopang'ono amayamba kukhala achikasu ndikugwa. Ndi matenda amphamvu, tizirombo izi zimakhudzanso ma petioles, peduncles komanso maluwa. Amawoneka pa kutentha kwambiri ndi mpweya wouma. Pachifukwa ichi, tizirombo nthawi zambiri timapezeka pa zomera zomwe zimakula kunyumba m'nyengo yozizira.
- Chifukwa cha ntchito ya mite, kukula kwa masamba pa tchire la sitiroberi kumayima, ndipo izi sizimasiya m'chilimwe. Ndizowopsa kwa tchire lachikulire komanso ma rosette aang'ono kwambiri.
- Ili pansi pa tsamba, imayamwa timadziti kuchokera pamenepo, zomwe zimakhudza njira ya phytosynthesis. Masamba kukhala yokutidwa ndi woyera mawanga, ndiye azipiringa, youma ndi kugwa. Izi zimachitika mu nthawi ya masika.
- Zipatsozo zilibenso nthawi yoti zipse ndi kuuma. Nthawi zambiri nthata zimawononganso maluwa. Zowonongeka tchire mwinanso kulekerera nyengo yozizira ndi kufa.
- Kuphwanya mapangidwe a maluwa omwe amaperekedwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mite ya sitiroberi imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu osati zapano zokha, komanso za chaka chamawa, ndipo pakapita nthawi zimatha kuwononga theka la zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Tizilombo timafika pakuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero chake m'minda ndi zaka 3-4.
Choncho, n'zosatheka kunyalanyaza matenda a mbande ndi nthata za akangaude, pali njira zogwirira ntchito.
Momwe mungathanirane ndi nthata za sitiroberi ndi akangaude
Pofuna kuthana ndi akangaude, mankhwala, biological and folk mankhwala amasankhidwa. Pa maluwa ndi fruiting, ndi bwino ntchito wowerengeka azitsamba. Ngati pali nkhupakupa zambiri ndipo nthawi yamaluwa siinayambe, ndiye kuti mutha kusankha njira yokonzekera yochizira mbewu kuchokera ku nkhupakupa. Msika umapereka iwo mosiyanasiyana.
Kwa iwo omwe ali otsutsana kwambiri ndi chemistry, njira zachilengedwe zogwirira ntchito zitha kulangizidwa, koma ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Mankhwala
Njira yabwino yothanirana ndi tizilombo ta m'munda, momwe mungachotsere 90 mpaka 95% ya anthu ake, ndikutchetcha misa yobiriwira mukangokolola. Zoyenera kuchita ngati izi siziyenera kuchedwa, chifukwa mbewuyo iyenera kukulitsa korona watsamba. Ndiye muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito katatu, ndi nthawi ya sabata, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pamalo oyeretsedwa ndi masiku 10-14. Ndibwino kuti tisinthe mavalidwe othandizira, chifukwa nkhupakupa zimazolowera mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Posankha wothandizira chithandizo, onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndikutsata mosamalitsa. Samalani.
Chifukwa chakuti tizirombo tambiri timapezeka m'munsi mwa chitsamba cha sitiroberi mu theka lotseguka kapena lomwe silinatsegulidwe madera okonzekera, ngakhale kukonzekera kogwira mtima kungapereke zotsatira zosasangalatsa. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti zimakhala zovuta kupereka yankho logwira ntchito m'malo ovuta kufikako a nkhupakupa.
Nyengo yakukula isanayambike, ndizovuta kwambiri za mite, mbewu zonse za mabulosi ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi 3% boric madzi.
Mankhwala a anthu
M'chaka, ndikukula kwa masamba oyambirira pa nthawi yoyika komanso kawiri mutatha kukolola, tizirombo tingawonongeke ndi kulowetsedwa kwa peel ya anyezi. Kuti muchite izi, tsitsani 200 g wa tsamba louma ndi ndowa yamadzi kwa masiku 4-5, kupsyinjika.
Polimbana ndi tizilombo ta sitiroberi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi decoction ya masamba a phwetekere ndikothandiza. Kuti apange, 1 kg ya misa yobiriwira yowuma imatsanuliridwa mu malita 10 a madzi ofunda ndikulowetsedwa kwa maola 3-4. Pambuyo pake, kulowetsedwa, yophika kwa maola 2-3, kumachepetsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2, 40 g ya sopo wochapira. Gwiritsani ntchito cholinga chake: kukonza mabedi ndi sitiroberi.
Mukabzala strawberries, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira ndi madzi adyo: 200 gr. kuwaza adyo, kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi ndi kusakaniza bwino. Kuonjezera zotsatira, mankhwala zomera ayenera yokutidwa ndi filimu kwa maola angapo. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tikulimbikitsidwa pokhapokha kukolola. Pakukhazikitsa, masamba ang'onoang'ono ayenera kukhala onyowa kwambiri, ngati mite ya sitiroberi, ambiri amasungidwa pamenepo.
Polimbana ndi nthata za sitiroberi, ndizothandiza kutenthetsa nthaka. Kuti muchite izi, mutatha kukolola, tchetchani masamba onse, gwiritsani ntchito choyatsira gasi kwa masiku 3-5, ndiyeno kuthirira mbewuzo mochuluka. Kusamaliranso tchire kumafika pakupalira, kudyetsa ndi kubisala m'nyengo yozizira.
mbali
Zomera zina zimatha kuteteza sitiroberi ku tizirombo:
| Nyemba | Imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika, kuphatikiza kukolola, kukongoletsa mipanda, mipanda, ndi kuteteza mbande za sitiroberi ku nkhupakupa. Nyemba za Lima ndizabwino kwambiri pa izi. |
| Lavender | Mafuta ofunikira komanso a camphor a chomera chokongolachi amathamangitsa nkhupakupa. Ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yopapatiza. |
| Mphaka timbewu | Chomera chofalikira chochepa chokhala ndi fungo labwino, koma nthata sizingathe kupirira. |
| Tansy wamba | Chomera chodzichepetsa chomwe chimazika mizu ngakhale mudothi. Lili ndi fungo la camphor lomwe limathamangitsa nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo towononga. |
Kupewa mawonekedwe
Mutha kupewa kuwonekera kwa akangaude pamabedi potengera izi:
- Gulani mbande za sitiroberi m'masitolo odalirika a nazale.
- Zipatso ziyenera kubzalidwa m'njira yoti chitsamba chilichonse chikhale ndi mpweya wokwanira, sichingabzalidwe m'mabedi amithunzi komanso achinyezi.
- Kusamalira bwino mbewu, chotsani udzu, udzu, perekani mavalidwe ake apamwamba.
- Ngati tchire lomwe lili ndi kachilomboka lipezeka, chotsani nthawi yomweyo ndikuwotcha kunja kwa malowo.
Mitundu ya sitiroberi yosamva mite
Nkhalango ndi zipatso zazing'ono sizimagwidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Tsopano mitundu ya sitiroberi yamaluwa yomwe imalimbana ndi mite yawonekera. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathe kukhazikikapo kapena sitiroberi safunika kuthandizidwa. Koma mitundu iyi imapirira kuukira kwa tizirombo ndikupulumuka bwino. Izi ndi mitundu:
- Zenga-Zenganu;
- Uchi;
- Elsantu;
- Albion;
- Wophunzira woyamba;
- Cinderella wa Kuban;
- Chofiirira;
- Anastasia;
- Kokinskaya m'bandakucha;
- Kuyeretsa kwadzuwa;
- Kutuluka kwa Dzuwa;
- Kokinskaya m'bandakucha;
- Viola;
- Amayi;
- Slavitych.
M'madera omwe kangaude amakhala tsoka lenileni, ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yomwe imalimbana nayo.
Mmera processing
Pobzala sitiroberi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbande zathanzi zokha. Pogwiritsira ntchito mbande zomwe tapanga tokha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zomera zazing'ono zimizidwe m'madzi otentha kwa kotala la ola musanabzalidwe, kenaka muzitsuka m'madzi ozizira ndikuzibzala pansi.
Chithandizochi chiyenera kuchitika pasanafike pakati pa mwezi wa August: mbande zachisanu ziyenera kukhala ndi mizu yabwino, ndi masamba 3-5 ndi mphukira yokulirapo. Pambuyo pozindikira zoyambira za sitiroberi mite, kuwonongeka kwa tchire lomwe lili pafupi ndi iwo kuyenera kukonzedwa.
Poyamba