Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a phwetekere: Tizilombo toyipa 8 tomwe timawononga kwambiri mbewu
Tomato akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha masamba omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Komabe, kukolola kwa mbewuyi kungachepetse kwambiri kuwukira kwa tizirombo. Tizilombo timadya mizu ndi zimayambira, pang'onopang'ono kufooketsa mbewuyo.
Zamkatimu
Tizilombo m'nthaka kapena wowonjezera kutentha
Tizilombo tina timadya gawo lapansi la zomera, mwachitsanzo, mizu. Tizilombo totere timaphatikizapo May kachilomboka, wireworm, chimbalangondo, nematode. Mbali yapamwamba ya masamba, maluwa, zipatso zimadyedwa ndi mbozi, akangaude, Colorado beetle, aphid, whitefly.
Tizilombo sitingakhale kutchire kokha, komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha. Pali malo omasuka kwambiri kuti afalikire mwachangu. Ngati nthaka yakonzedwa bwino, ndiye kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizidzawoneka.
Kodi alimi adzakumana ndi ndani?
Mwachidule mwachidule, mitundu ina ya tizirombo yomwe wamaluwa amakumana nayo pobzala ndikukula mbewu zamaluwa.
Maybugs
Mwina kachilomboka kapena cockchafers amaperekedwa ngati mphutsi zooneka ngati nyongolotsi zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu woyera, ndizo zomwe zimavulaza tomato. Mutu ndi wofiirira kapena walalanje. Patsogolo ndi mapeyala atatu a miyendo.
Tizirombo ndi osusuka. Iwo kudziluma mizu, zomwe zimabweretsa m'mbuyo mu chitukuko ndi kukula kwa zomera. Anthu ambiri amatha kuwononga mbande yonse.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mphutsi zakuda za May beetle pansi zimafika zaka 4. Panthawi imeneyi, amadya mizu yambiri ya zomera.
The kwambiri mawotchi mankhwala a nthaka, amene adzalola kusankha mphutsi kuwononga.
wireworms
Zomwe zimatchedwa mphutsi za waya kapena mivi. Izi ndi mphutsi za kachikumbu. Mphutsi zimakhala zachikasu kapena lalanje. Sadya mizu yokha, komanso mapesi a phwetekere.
Mutha kuteteza kutsetsereka mothandizidwa ndi kupewa:
- Kumasula.
- Kuchotsa udzu.
- Feteleza wokwanira.
- Ntchito zaulimi zoyenera.
- Bazudin, Diazonin ndi Aktara.
Medvedki
Dzombe achibale. Chifukwa cha miyendo yakutsogolo yotukuka, amakumba pansi. Zimakhala zofiirira kapena zofiirira. Zowopsa zitha kutchedwa akuluakulu ndi mphutsi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'dothi lonyowa. Iwo amawononga mbande.
Nyama zimachulukana mofulumira ndipo zimapanga malo awo mozama mumizu, choncho mankhwala ophera tizilombo sathandiza.
Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwapadera mu granules zomwe zimayikidwa pansi.
Nematode
Nyongolotsi zing'onozing'ono zimathandiza kupanga zotupa ndi zophuka pamasamba a chikhalidwe, kuwononga mizu. Chikhalidwe chokhudzidwacho sichimakula ndipo chimabala zipatso zochepa. Nyongolotsi zimatha kuwoneka mu greenhouses komanso pamalo otseguka.
Zomera zimatha kutetezedwa ku nyongolotsi za nematode m'njira zambiri.
- Kumba tchire lomwe lili ndi kachilombo ndi gawo la nthaka.
- Thirani malo omwe munali matenda ndi madzi otentha.
- Bzalani manyowa obiriwira ndi kuwabweretsa m'nthaka.
- Gwiritsani ntchito ma biological agents.
Nsabwe za m'masamba
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta aphid timapanga gulu lonse. Amakhala obiriwira kapena akuda. Habitat - pansi pa masamba. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, zinthu zabwino kwa kubalana nsabwe za m'masamba, koma nthawi zambiri flutter mu mabedi.
Kupewa ndi kukopa mbalame ndi ladybugs. Ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, amatsukidwa ndi mtsinje wamadzi.
Pamlingo waukulu, muyenera kuyamba kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nyerere mankhwala njira.
ntchentche zoyera
Kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kumayambira 1 mpaka 2,5 mm. Thupi ndi lachikasu, muyenera kuyang'ana iwo kuchokera mkati mwa pepala. Bowa la mwaye limapangidwa mofanana ndi zolengeza zakuda. Tomato akuyamba kuuma.
Tizilombo timaberekana mwachangu, tikuikira mazira ambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu wowonjezera kutentha, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda owonjezera. Mutha kuzichotsa ndi tepi yomatira, misampha yodzipangira tokha kapena mankhwala, okhala ndi matenda amphamvu.
Zokopa
Mbozi kuyambira kukula kwa masentimita 3 mpaka 4. Mitundu imatha kukhala yakuda, yofiirira, imvi. Amadya masamba, zimayambira, petioles. Nthawi zambiri kudya kumachitika usiku. Mbozi imatha ngakhale kulowa mu chipatsocho.
Amaswana mofulumira ndipo amadya kwambiri. Pali mitundu ina imene imadya kwambiri zipatso, imaluma mizu, kapena imene imadya masamba. Lemberani chitetezo njira za anthu, mankhwala ndi njira zodzitetezera.
Spider nthata
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapanga ukonde woonda ndikuyamwa timadziti. Madontho ang'onoang'ono amawonekera pamasamba, omwe amatha pakapita nthawi. Kuthirira osowa kapena mpweya wabwino kumapanga malo abwino okhazikika mu greenhouses.
Ndikovuta kulimbana ndi tizilombo, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kupewa:
- mankhwala nthaka;
- fufuzani mbande;
- chotsani zotsalira za zomera;
- madzi bwino;
- kudya mu nthawi.
Colorado tizilombo
Masamba amawonongeka mofulumira kwambiri. Malo oikira mazira ndi akazi ndi pansi pa masamba. Poyamba, mazira amakhala achikasu, kenaka amasanduka ofiira. Mphutsi zomwe zimaswa zimakhala zowononga kwambiri ndipo zimagwirizana bwino ndi chilengedwe chilichonse. Wamkulu ndi wamkulu, hibernates mu nthaka ndipo amadya kwambiri.
Malo otsetsereka amatha kutetezedwa m'njira zingapo:
- kusonkhanitsa makina;
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa njira anthu;
- mankhwala apadera ophera tizilombo;
- kukopa adani achilengedwe.
Njira zothandizira
Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumakhala kovuta, makamaka ngati mutayamba. Chiwerengero chawo chikukula tsiku lililonse. Tizilombo timatha kuchira msanga, ena ndi olimbikira kwambiri.
Malangizo ena opewera tizilombo:
- kusunga kutentha ndi mulingo woyenera chinyezi;
- gwiritsani ntchito feteleza motsatira mfundo zaulimi;
- onjezerani nthaka ndi zinthu zachilengedwe;
- kumasula nthaka;
- kuwononga namsongole pa nthawi yake;
- kuyang'ana kasinthasintha wa mbewu;
- kupanga mgwirizano kutera.
Njira zomenyera nkhondo
Polimbana ndi tizilombo, njira zingapo zophatikizira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amakhudzana ndi malo otseguka ndi greenhouses. Ngakhale mtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo uli ndi mawonekedwe ake, pali malamulo angapo:
- zolimbitsa madzi zomera ndi ventilate wowonjezera kutentha;
- mulch nthaka, yang'anani moyandikana;
- kusonkhanitsa pamanja mbozi ndi akuluakulu kafadala;
- kuchitira ndi Metarizin, Boverin, Entocide, Aktofit;
- tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musanayambe kubzala, chotsani kumtunda kwa nthaka;
- kulimbikitsa bowa nthaka;
- phwetekere tomato mu nyengo youma yotentha;
- kuika angapo achule mu wowonjezera kutentha;
- kukopa abuluzi, abuluzi, akalulu kumalo.
Pomaliza
Kuti zokolola zonse, m'pofunika kuwunika chikhalidwe. Tizilombo zoyamba zikawoneka pa tomato, njira zoyenera zowonongera zimatengedwa. Komabe, kupewa kungathandize kupewa kuukira kwa anansi osafunidwa.
Poyamba